CN114330039A - Finite element simulation method for distribution of vibration noise external field of transformer core - Google Patents
Finite element simulation method for distribution of vibration noise external field of transformer core Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a finite element simulation method of vibration noise external field distribution of an oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL, which simulates a transient electromagnetic field of a transformer by adopting an established three-dimensional physical model of the transformer, calculates the transient electromagnetic force of the transformer core under no-load operation, calculates the transient displacement of the core vibration by taking the result as an excitation source of a structural field, calculates the surface vibration acceleration of the transient core, derives transient data for FFT conversion, and simulates the external sound field of the transformer by taking the result as an initial value of sound field analysis. And comparing the sound pressure level of a certain point in the external sound field under different frequencies, and analyzing to obtain the main harmonic component in the radiation noise of the transformer. And (3) performing no-load experiments on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing an acoustic sensor at a corresponding position in the model to acquire sound pressure data, performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the sound pressure data in an actual time domain to be close to a simulation value, and verifying the superiority of the simulation model in the calculation of a sound pressure external field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation calculation of power system operation control, in particular to a finite element simulation method based on COMSOL oil-immersed transformer core vibration noise external field distribution.
Background
The vibration noise of the transformer not only pollutes the living environment of people, but also influences the service life of a laminated iron core product, effectively simulates the vibration and noise generation mechanism of the transformer iron core under the influence of different harmonic waves and different compression degree factors, obtains the propagation characteristics of vibration vectors in the internal and external spaces of the transformer and the vibration distribution rule of each component, provides reasonable theoretical basis for vibration and noise reduction of equipment, is beneficial to designing high-performance laminated iron core products, and has very important significance for protecting and operating the transformer. The magnetostrictive characteristic of the transformer iron core is a main cause of noise generation of the transformer, various numerical calculation methods are used for solving the problem of magnetostrictive, strain of the iron core is measured based on different methods, the magnetostrictive force and vibration displacement of the iron core are calculated on the basis, and harmonic components in noise signals of the transformer can be effectively and mechanically explained by the numerical calculation method. In addition, a finite element analysis method is carried out by a scholars by considering the problem of magnetic-mechanical weak coupling of magnetostriction, so that the vibration noise caused by the magnetostriction of the iron core can be simulated, but the influence of the magnetic anisotropy of the silicon steel sheet and the mechanical vibration on the magnetic field distribution is ignored in the analysis, and a magnetic-mechanical strong coupling model which can be popularized and applied is not established.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a finite element simulation method of vibration noise external field distribution of an oil-immersed transformer iron core based on COMSOL, which accurately simulates the magnetostrictive vibration distribution of the iron core through the coupling of an electromagnetic field, a structural force field and a sound field, and calculates the distribution of sound pressure in the external field by considering the weakening of the sound pressure in the transmission process.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the finite element simulation method for the vibration noise external field distribution of the oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL comprises the following steps:
establishing a transformer three-dimensional simulation model, simulating a transient electromagnetic field of the transformer three-dimensional simulation model, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of a transformer iron core under no-load operation;
secondly, calculating to obtain transient displacement of the transformer iron core vibration by taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of the structural field, calculating to obtain the transient iron core surface vibration acceleration, and exporting data to carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the iron core surface acceleration in a frequency domain;
step three, taking the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis, simulating an external sound field of the transformer, comparing sound pressure levels of typical position points in the external sound field under different frequencies, and analyzing to obtain main harmonic components in the radiation noise of the transformer;
performing a no-load experiment on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing an acoustic sensor at a corresponding position in the model to acquire an acoustic signal, and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on acoustic pressure data in an actual time domain;
and step five, comparing the processed actual measurement data with a simulation value, and verifying the calculation performance of the simulation model in the sound pressure external field.
Wherein the first step comprises the following steps of,
and adjusting and setting materials and electromagnetic parameters of the three-dimensional physical model of the transformer according to the technical parameters of the transformer and the errors of the factory test parameters, and establishing the simplified three-dimensional model of the oil-immersed transformer.
Further, the first step comprises:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional physical model of the transformer in finite element simulation software COMSOL;
(2) setting the material types and properties of an iron core, a winding and transformer oil in the COMSOL;
(3) carrying out mesh division on a three-dimensional physical model of the transformer in COMSOL;
(4) applying excitation under the no-load condition to the transformer model;
(5) and setting the research time and time step of a transient solver, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of the transformer iron core under no-load operation.
Further, applying the excitation under no-load condition to the transformer model comprises:
the transformer is provided with a three-phase power frequency alternating current voltage source with rated size at the primary side, and the current at the secondary side is 0.
Further, the second step comprises:
taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of a structural field, calculating the transient displacement of the vibration of the transformer core according to a formula (1), calculating the surface acceleration of the vibration of the transformer core according to a formula (2), and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on time domain acceleration data to obtain the surface vibration acceleration of the iron core in a frequency domain:
wherein M is a mass matrix, C is a damping matrix, D is a stiffness matrix, u is node displacement, and P (t) is equivalent magnetostrictive force;
in the formula, x, y and z are three directions of the three-dimensional physical model, a is vibration acceleration, and t is calculation time.
Further, the third step comprises:
taking the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis, simulating the external sound field of the transformer, wherein the formula (3) is obtained by performing Fourier transform on a Helmholtz wave equation, and calculating the sound pressure value in the frequency domain according to the formula (3):
In the formula, ρ0Fluid density, P is acoustic pressure, ω is angular frequency, CcIs the bulk modulus.
The finite element simulation method of vibration noise external field distribution of the oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL adopts a pre-established three-dimensional simplified physical model of the oil-immersed transformer to simulate a transient electromagnetic field of the transformer, sets the material attribute, the electromagnetic parameter and the like of the three-dimensional physical model of the transformer according to the technical parameters of the transformer and the error of factory test parameters to establish the three-dimensional simulation model of the transformer so as to calculate the magnetostriction force borne by the transformer core under no-load operation, introduces the force into the structural field of the established three-dimensional simulation model of the transformer so as to simulate the transient structural field of the transformer to obtain the distribution result of the vibration displacement of the transformer core under no-load operation, calculates the vibration acceleration of the surface of the core through displacement data, and obtains the acceleration data under a frequency domain after the surface vibration acceleration data under a time domain is subjected to FFT, and calculating the distribution condition of the vibration noise of the transformer core by using the data as initial conditions of sound field calculation. The advantage of the simulation model in the calculation of the sound pressure external field is verified by carrying out no-load experiments on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing microphones at corresponding positions to acquire sound pressure data and comparing the sound pressure data with simulation data.
Compared with the prior art, the finite element simulation method based on COMSOL for the distribution of the vibration noise external field of the oil-immersed transformer core has the following beneficial effects: based on a finite element method, electromagnetism, structural mechanics and an acoustic theory, a simple and effective transformer simulation modeling method is provided by performing electromagnetic-structure-sound field coupling simulation on the oil-immersed transformer; and the main components in the transformer core vibration and noise signals under normal conditions are analyzed. And the superiority of the simulation model in the calculation of the sound pressure external field is verified according to the comparison of the sound signal components acquired by the no-load experiment of the existing transformer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a finite element simulation method of distribution of vibration noise external field of an oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic of a physical model of a transformer in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of transformer physical model meshing in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating simulation of magnetic flux density in electromagnetic field simulation during no-load operation of a transformer according to an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a diagram of vibration displacement when the transformer is in no-load operation for t equal to 0.02s in one embodiment;
fig. 6 is a graph of sound pressure level when the frequency is 200Hz when the transformer is in no-load operation in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a finite element simulation method based on COMSOL oil-immersed transformer core vibration noise according to an embodiment, including the following steps:
establishing a transformer three-dimensional simulation model, simulating a transient electromagnetic field of the transformer three-dimensional simulation model, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of a transformer iron core under no-load operation;
secondly, calculating to obtain transient displacement of the transformer iron core vibration by taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of the structural field, calculating to obtain the transient iron core surface vibration acceleration, and exporting data to carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the iron core surface acceleration in a frequency domain;
step three, taking the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis, simulating an external sound field of the transformer, comparing sound pressure levels of typical position points in the external sound field under different frequencies, and analyzing to obtain main harmonic components in the radiation noise of the transformer;
performing a no-load experiment on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing an acoustic sensor at a corresponding position in the model to acquire an acoustic signal, and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on acoustic pressure data in an actual time domain;
and step five, comparing the processed actual measurement data with a simulation value, and verifying the calculation performance of the simulation model in the sound pressure external field.
In an embodiment, the finite element simulation method for distribution of external field of vibration noise of an oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL further includes:
and establishing a three-dimensional simplified physical model of the oil-immersed transformer.
Specifically, the present embodiment may establish a three-dimensional physical model (transformer three-dimensional physical model) of the transformer according to the actual structure and size of the transformer.
In one example, in building a three-dimensional physical model of a transformer, simplifications and assumptions may be made including:
(1) neglecting turn-to-turn insulation of the winding, simplifying the winding into a cylindrical type, and considering the number of turns of the coil to be uniformly distributed;
(2) metal structural components such as iron yokes, clamping plates and the like in the transformer are omitted;
(3) the material distribution of the transformer parts is considered to be uniform and isotropic.
In one embodiment, a transformer is subjected to transient electromagnetic field simulation by adopting a pre-established transformer three-dimensional physical model, a transformer three-dimensional simulation model is established according to material properties, electromagnetic parameters and the like of the transformer three-dimensional physical model and errors of transformer technical parameters and factory test parameters, the transformer model is subjected to transient electromagnetic field simulation, and the transient electromagnetic force of a transformer iron core under no-load operation is calculated:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional physical model of the transformer in finite element simulation software COMSOL;
(2) setting the material types and properties of an iron core, a winding and transformer oil in the COMSOL;
(3) meshing the transformer model in COMSOL;
(4) applying excitation under the no-load condition to the transformer model;
(5) and setting the research time and time step of a transient solver, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of the transformer iron core under no-load operation.
Specifically, applying excitation to the transformer under rated conditions includes:
an external circuit under no-load condition is set, a primary side of the transformer is connected with a three-phase power frequency alternating current voltage source with rated size, and the current of a secondary side is 0.
In one embodiment, the transient electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic field research result is used as an excitation source of the structural field, and the transient displacement of the iron core vibration is calculated according to a vibration formula:
wherein M is a mass matrix, C is a damping matrix, D is a stiffness matrix, u is a nodal displacement, and P (t) is an equivalent magnetostrictive force.
And then calculating the surface acceleration of the iron core vibration:
in the formula, x, y and z are three directions of the three-dimensional physical model, a is vibration acceleration, and t is calculation time.
And finally, carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the acceleration data in the time domain to obtain the surface acceleration in the frequency domain.
In one embodiment, the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain of the research result of the structural field is used as an initial value of sound field analysis to simulate the sound field outside the transformer. Calculating a sound pressure value according to an equation in a frequency domain after Fourier transform of a Helmholtz wave equation:
in the formula, ρ0Fluid density, p is acoustic pressure, C is acoustic velocity, ω is angular frequency, CcIs the bulk modulus, coefficient
In one embodiment, a no-load experiment is performed on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, a microphone is arranged at a corresponding position in a model to acquire sound pressure data, and the sound pressure data in the actual time domain is subjected to FFT. Compared with simulation data, the superiority of the simulation model in sound pressure external field calculation is verified.
In one embodiment, the research object is an S13-M-200/10 distribution transformer, the rated voltage of the transformer is 10 +/-2 multiplied by 2.5%/0.4 kV, the rated current of the transformer is 11.5/288.7A, and Dyn11 is connected. The finite element simulation method based on the vibration noise of the COMSOL oil-immersed transformer core provided by the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional simplified physical model of the oil-immersed transformer;
in this embodiment, reasonable simplification and assumption are made for the transformer structure:
(1) neglecting turn-to-turn insulation of the winding, simplifying the winding into a cylindrical type, and considering the number of turns of the coil to be uniformly distributed;
(2) neglecting the action of metal structural components such as an iron yoke, a clamping plate and the like in the transformer;
(3) the material distribution of each part of the transformer is uniform and isotropic;
the transformer iron core of the embodiment is of a three-phase three-column structure and is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets; the winding is circular and uniform and has a plurality of turns; the actual size of each part of the transformer is provided by a manufacturer; finally, a three-dimensional model schematic diagram is established by utilizing a COMSOL software self-contained modeling function, as shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) represents a front view, (b) represents a top view, and (c) represents a right view in FIG. 2.
Step two: setting material properties, electromagnetic parameters and the like of a transformer three-dimensional physical model according to the technical parameters of the transformer and the errors of factory test parameters to establish a transformer three-dimensional simulation model, simulating a transient electromagnetic field of the transformer model, and calculating the transient magnetostriction force of the transformer iron core under no-load operation;
specifically, the transient electromagnetic field simulation of the transformer comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional simplified model of the transformer in a geometric module of finite element simulation software COMSOL;
(2) the physical model of the transformer is subjected to meshing in the COMSOL, as shown in FIG. 3, the iron core is divided by free tetrahedral meshing, the winding is divided by swept meshing, and the transformer oil and air packet are divided by coarsened meshing, so that the calculation accuracy is ensured, and the calculation is simplified.
(3) Setting material properties of a transformer oil tank, an iron core, a winding and transformer oil, such as conductivity, magnetic conductivity, density and the like in the COMSOL;
(4) and applying excitation under the no-load condition to the transformer model.Applying a rated current I in the primary windingNA three-phase ac power supply of 11.5A, as shown in the equation. Setting the number of turns N of the primary windingp693, number of turns N of secondary windings=32.
IB=INsin(2πf*t)
Wherein IA,IB,ICRepresenting three-phase current.
(5) And setting the research time and time step of a transient solver, calculating the transient electromagnetic force of the transformer iron core under no-load operation, and taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of the structural field once. Study time was set to 0.06s and time step was set to 0.0005s.
(6) The magnetic flux density simulation graph in the electromagnetic field simulation when the transformer is in no-load operation in an unsaturated state is shown in figure 4.
Step three: taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of a structural field, calculating to obtain the transient displacement of the iron core vibration, calculating to obtain the transient iron core surface vibration acceleration, and exporting data for FFT (fast Fourier transform) conversion to obtain the iron core surface vibration acceleration in a frequency domain; specifically, the structural field simulation of the transformer comprises the following steps:
(1) continuing to use the three-dimensional transformer simplified model established in the electromagnetic field;
(2) adding structural attributes of a transformer oil tank, an iron core, a winding and transformer oil in a material library: the density, young's modulus, poisson's ratio of the iron core in this embodiment adopt constant settings, and the specific attribute settings are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Transformer core Material Property settings
Material | Density (kg/m)3) | Young's modulus (Pa) | Poisson ratio (W/(m.K)) |
Iron core | 7870 | 2×1011 | 0.45 |
(3) And continuously using the three-dimensional transformer simplified model established in the electromagnetic field to divide the grid.
(4) Setting initial and boundary conditions: in this embodiment, the iron core is made of a magnetostrictive material, and the magnetostrictive model adopts a non-linear isotropic magnetoelastic property. The upper boundary of the iron core is set as fixed constraint, and the side surface and the lower ground are provided with roller supports.
(5) The transient calculation of the structural field obtains the vibration displacement of the surface of the iron core, and fig. 5 shows a vibration displacement graph when the transformer is in no-load operation and t is 0.02 s.
And setting the highest conversion frequency to be 1000Hz by utilizing a time domain to frequency domain (FFT) function of COMSOL simulation software, and converting the calculation result of 0-0.06s in the time domain into frequency domain data. Fig. 6 shows a graph of sound pressure level when freq is 200Hz when the transformer is in no-load operation.
Step four: and (3) taking the surface acceleration of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis to simulate the external sound field of the transformer.
And comparing the sound pressure levels of typical position points in the external sound field under different frequencies, and analyzing to obtain the main harmonic component in the radiation noise of the transformer. The sound propagation velocities of the transformer oil and air were set as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 speed of sound propagation
Material | Transformer oil (m/s) | Air (m/s) |
Speed of sound | 1324 | 340 |
Step five: and performing no-load experiments on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing a microphone at a corresponding position in the model to acquire sound pressure data, and performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the sound pressure data in an actual time domain.
Specifically, rated three-phase ac voltage is applied to the primary side of the transformer, and the secondary side is open-circuited. And (3) placing the acoustic sensor at a position 1 m on the front surface of the transformer, setting the acquisition frequency to be 64kHz and the acquisition time to be 2s, and performing spectral analysis on the acquired acoustic signal.
Step six: and comparing the processed measured data with a simulation value, and verifying the superiority of the simulation model in the sound pressure external field calculation.
Compared with the prior art, the finite element simulation method based on COMSOL for the distribution of the vibration noise external field of the oil-immersed transformer core has the following beneficial effects: based on a finite element method, electromagnetism, structural mechanics and an acoustic theory, a simple and effective transformer simulation modeling method is provided by performing electromagnetic-structure-sound field coupling simulation on the oil-immersed transformer; and the main components in the transformer core vibration and noise signals under normal conditions are analyzed. And the superiority of the simulation model in the calculation of the sound pressure external field is verified according to the comparison of the sound signal components acquired by the no-load experiment of the existing transformer.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A finite element simulation method for vibration noise external field distribution of an oil-immersed transformer core based on COMSOL is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a transformer three-dimensional simulation model, simulating a transient electromagnetic field of the transformer three-dimensional simulation model, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of a transformer iron core under no-load operation;
secondly, calculating to obtain transient displacement of the transformer iron core vibration by taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of the structural field, calculating to obtain the transient iron core surface vibration acceleration, and exporting data to carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the iron core surface acceleration in a frequency domain;
step three, taking the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis, simulating an external sound field of the transformer, comparing sound pressure levels of typical position points in the external sound field under different frequencies, and analyzing to obtain main harmonic components in the radiation noise of the transformer;
performing a no-load experiment on a 220kV oil-immersed transformer, placing an acoustic sensor at a corresponding position in the model to acquire an acoustic signal, and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on acoustic pressure data in an actual time domain;
and step five, comparing the processed actual measurement data with a simulation value, and verifying the calculation performance of the simulation model in the sound pressure external field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step one includes,
and adjusting and setting materials and electromagnetic parameters of the three-dimensional physical model of the transformer according to the technical parameters of the transformer and the errors of the factory test parameters, and establishing the simplified three-dimensional model of the oil-immersed transformer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step one comprises:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional physical model of the transformer in finite element simulation software COMSOL;
(2) setting the material types and properties of an iron core, a winding and transformer oil in the COMSOL;
(3) carrying out mesh division on a three-dimensional physical model of the transformer in COMSOL;
(4) applying excitation under the no-load condition to the transformer model;
(5) and setting the research time and time step of a transient solver, and calculating the transient electromagnetic force of the transformer iron core under no-load operation.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein applying the excitation under no-load conditions to the transformer model comprises:
the transformer is provided with a three-phase power frequency alternating current voltage source with rated size at the primary side, and the current at the secondary side is 0.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein step two comprises:
taking the transient electromagnetic force as an excitation source of a structural field, calculating the transient displacement of the vibration of the transformer core according to a formula (1), calculating the surface acceleration of the vibration of the transformer core according to a formula (2), and performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on time domain acceleration data to obtain the surface vibration acceleration of the iron core in a frequency domain:
wherein M is a mass matrix, C is a damping matrix, D is a stiffness matrix, u is node displacement, and P (t) is equivalent magnetostrictive force;
in the formula, x, y and z are three directions of the three-dimensional physical model, a is vibration acceleration, and t is calculation time.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein step three comprises:
taking the acceleration of the surface of the iron core in the frequency domain as an initial value of sound field analysis, simulating the external sound field of the transformer, wherein the formula (3) is obtained by performing Fourier transform on a Helmholtz wave equation, and calculating the sound pressure value in the frequency domain according to the formula (3):
In the formula, ρ0Fluid density, P is acoustic pressure, ω is angular frequency, CcIs the bulk modulus.
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CN115879345B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-11-03 | 兰州理工大学 | Transformer health state assessment method and system based on magnetic force sound |
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