CN113191047B - Regulation and control method for realizing super-structure material soaking substrate - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics, and discloses a regulating and controlling method for realizing a super-structure material soaking substrate. The regulation and control method comprises the following steps: s1, setting a thermal conductivity coefficient of a homogeneous substrate, and setting the position and the size of a phantom heat source on the substrate; s2, dividing the positions of non-heat sources in the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved into a plurality of areas, and corresponding one by one; constructing a coordinate conversion relation between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved so as to obtain a conversion matrix between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved; s3, constructing a relation between a conversion matrix and heat conductivity coefficients of all areas on the soaking substrate to be solved, calculating the heat conductivity coefficients of all areas on the soaking substrate to be solved, and selecting corresponding materials of all areas on the soaking substrate to be solved according to the heat conductivity coefficients, so that regulation and control of heat conduction of the soaking substrate to be solved are realized. According to the invention, the temperature distribution of the substrate is changed, the effect of uniform temperature at the top of the substrate is realized, and the function of the vapor chamber is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics, and particularly relates to a regulating and controlling method for realizing a super-structure material soaking substrate.
Background
Based on the special structure which can be designed artificially, the thermal super-structured material can generate various novel thermal physical characteristics, and has great influence on the field of heat flow management. At present, the research of the thermal super-structure material in the heat conduction direction is mainly heat flow control, namely quantitative and directional control of heat flow is carried out by designing the geometric structure of the super-structure material. The study is currently mostly based on functions such as thermal stealth, thermal transparency, thermal illusion, etc. Hu et al, university of science and technology, based on heat flow control, propose that an internal single primary heat source can be camouflaged into multiple virtual heat source signals, and that an observer cannot discern the actual heat source from the external heat distribution. In other words, the position, shape, size and number of the actual heat sources are hidden, so that disguising of the positions of the heat sources is realized, and then heat encoding is realized based on heat flow control; dede et al introduced basic experimental studies on heat flow control, employing basic building blocks of thermal cloak, thermal aggregation, thermal rotation, and standard Printed Circuit Board (PCB) based technology, expanding into a variety of electronic applications including equipment temperature control, thermal energy harvesting, and thermoelectric circuit design, among others. Chinese patent CN110826265A discloses a thermal stealth cloak designed based on the theory of transforming thermal radiation and thermal conduction, which is used for object stealth and is not found by external infrared detection. The isotropic double-shell structure of the Chinese patent No. 110600087A shows the thermal chameleon phenomenon and the implementation method thereof are based on the Fourier heat conduction law, and the thermal chameleon effect actively adapting to the background temperature distribution is designed and used for being hidden in the background, so that the temperature distribution of the background is not influenced. Although the research on the thermal super-structure material at home and abroad at present has greatly progressed, most of the research stays at the theoretical level, and the practical application of the anisotropic substrate based on the thermal super-structure material is not fully considered.
The existing soaking plate is developed from the heat pipe technology, is a vacuum cavity with a fine structure on the inner wall, achieves the purpose of soaking by means of steam flow and phase change heat transfer of working media, and belongs to liquid VC plates. The Chinese patent CN111637772A discloses an ultrathin vapor chamber with symmetrical structure, which aims at that the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate of a general vapor chamber are adhered to a chip as evaporation ends when in use, and the upper cover plate is a condensation end and has different structures. The Chinese patent No. 111669939A discloses a vapor chamber made of composite metal materials aiming at the phenomena of surface point damage, bending deformation, poor flatness and the like which are easily caused in the using process due to the insufficient integral strength and hardness of the traditional vapor chamber, the vapor chamber comprises a vapor chamber upper cover and a vapor chamber lower cover which are assembled together, a capillary structure is arranged on the inner side of the vapor chamber upper cover, a support column is arranged on the inner side of the vapor chamber lower cover, the vapor chamber upper cover and the vapor chamber lower cover are both formed by compositing at least two materials selected from metal materials and alloy materials, and the compositing modes comprise rolling, spraying, high-temperature sintering and electroplating. For the design of the existing vapor chamber, the vapor chamber is generally provided with a vacuum cavity consisting of an upper cover plate, a middle capillary layer, a lower cover plate and an internal working medium. The structure for distinguishing the upper cover plate from the lower cover plate can be complicated in design, manufacturing process and using stages. And the liquid soaking plate needs working medium flowing, so that corrosiveness and leakage are easy to generate. In summary, most of the conventional vapor chamber has the disadvantages of high manufacturing cost, difficult assembly and disassembly, difficult operation and difficult long-term use.
In order to solve the problems, realize the free regulation and control of heat conduction and promote the practical application, the invention provides a soaking substrate based on a thermal super-structural material, which is used for realizing a solid soaking board substrate by changing a thermal theory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a regulation and control method for realizing a super-structured material soaking substrate, which establishes a conversion relation between a uniform substrate and a soaking substrate to be solved by setting a common uniform substrate, thereby determining a corresponding heat conductivity coefficient in each region on the soaking substrate to be solved, selecting materials corresponding to each region according to the heat conductivity coefficient, regulating and controlling the heat conduction and heat conduction characteristics of the soaking substrate to be solved, changing the temperature distribution of the substrate, realizing the effect of uniform temperature at the top of the substrate and achieving the function of a soaking plate.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a control method for realizing a super-structured material soaking substrate, the control method comprising the steps of:
S1, setting a thermal conductivity coefficient of a homogeneous substrate, and setting the position and the size of a phantom heat source on the substrate;
S2, dividing the positions of the non-heat sources in the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved into a plurality of areas, and enabling the areas in the homogeneous substrate to be in one-to-one correspondence with the areas in the soaking substrate to be solved; constructing a coordinate conversion relation between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved so as to obtain a conversion matrix between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved;
S3, constructing a thermal conductivity coefficient relation between the conversion matrix and each region on the soaking substrate to be solved by using the conversion matrix, calculating and obtaining the thermal conductivity coefficient of each region on the soaking substrate to be solved, and selecting the corresponding material of each region on the soaking substrate to be solved according to the thermal conductivity coefficient, so as to realize the regulation and control of the thermal conduction of the soaking substrate to be solved.
Further preferably, in step S3, the thermal conductivity coefficient relation between the conversion matrix and each region on the soaking substrate to be solved is performed according to the following expression:
Where κ' i is the second order thermal conductivity tensor for region i on the soaking substrate to be solved, J i is the transition matrix between region i on the homogenizing substrate and region i on the soaking substrate to be solved, and κ 0 is the coefficient of thermal conductivity on the homogenizing substrate.
Further preferably, in step S2, for the case where both the homogeneous substrate and the substrate to be solved are two-dimensional, the transformation matrix J i is performed according to the following expression:
Where x i and y i are the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of a point in region i on the homogeneous substrate, and x 'i and y' i are the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of a point in region i on the homogeneous substrate to be solved;
For the case where the homogeneous substrate and the substrate to be solved are both three-dimensional, the transformation matrix J i is performed according to the following expression:
Where x i,yi and z i are the coordinates of the point in region i on the homogeneous substrate in the x, y and z directions, respectively, and x 'i,y′i and z' i are the coordinates of the point in region i on the homogeneous substrate to be solved in the x, y and z directions, respectively.
Further preferably, in step S1, the homogeneous substrate is a thermal super-structure material, and the phantom heat source is a heating sheet of copper or aluminum.
Further preferably, in step S1, the phantom heat source is located on top of the homogeneous substrate at a distance of 1% to 30% of the thickness of the homogeneous substrate from the upper surface of the homogeneous substrate.
Further preferably, in step S1, the phantom heat source is different in size and shape from the heat source on the soaking substrate to be solved, and has a length of 50% -100% of the length of the homogenizing substrate; the width is 1% -30% of the thickness of the homogeneous substrate.
Further preferably, in step S1, the length of the phantom heat source is 90% to 100% of the length of the homogeneous substrate.
Further preferably, in step S1, the phantom heat source is one of a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon, and an irregular shape.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The soaking substrate based on the thermal super-structure material comprises a thermal super-structure base material substrate and phantom heat sources, wherein the real heat sources on the soaking substrate to be solved are transformed into phantom heat sources positioned at the top of the substrate by establishing a connection between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved, then a conversion relation between areas at non-heat source positions is established, and the change of space is converted into the change of thermal physical properties of the material, so that the material parameters of the soaking substrate based on the thermal super-structure material are determined, the thermal conduction and heat conduction characteristics of the substrate are regulated and controlled, the temperature distribution of the substrate is changed, the effect of uniform temperature at the top of the substrate is realized, and the function of a soaking plate is achieved;
2. The effect of uniformity of the temperature at the top is achieved through heat transfer of the phantom heat source, the length is long, the temperatures of all points at the top are more consistent, the condition of regional division is required to be met, and the length of the phantom heat source is set to be 50% -100% of the length of the soaking substrate; in order to avoid the scattered heat transfer effect, the width and the distance from the top of the substrate are 1-30% of the thickness of the soaking substrate;
3. The substrate is divided into a plurality of regions in order to obtain a transposed matrix coefficient according to the position of the heat source vertex and the corresponding relation of coordinates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the conversion principle of a soaking substrate to be solved and a homogeneous substrate constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional steady-state simulated comparison of example 1 and comparative example 1 and a comparison of temperature values on a cross-section of the top of the substrate thereof constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a graph of the results of the simulation of the uniformly isotropic FR4 substrate in comparative example 1, (b) is a graph of the results of the simulation of the substrate in example 1, and (c) is a graph of quantitative comparison of temperature values on the top section lines of the two substrates in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional steady-state simulated comparison of example 2 and comparative example 2 and a comparison of temperature values on the top surface of its substrate constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is an axial comparison graph of the two substrate simulation results in example 2 and comparative example 2, (b) is a top comparison graph of the two substrate simulation results in example 2 and comparative example 2, (c) is a bottom comparison graph of the two substrate simulation results in example 2 and comparative example 2, and (d) is a quantitative comparison graph of temperature values on top cross sections of the two substrates in example 2 and comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The homogeneous substrate of the super-structure material constructed by the invention has the appearance of a common substrate, but is processed by the thermal super-structure material, and a heating plate such as copper, aluminum and the like, preferably a copper heating plate, can be used as a heat source.
The phantom heat source is located on the homogeneous substrate at a distance of 1-30% of the thickness of the substrate, preferably 1-3 mm from the upper surface, from the upper surface of the substrate at the top of the substrate space. The phantom heat source is different from a real heat source in size, shape and the like, and the size length can be 50-100% of the length of the upper surface, preferably 90-100%; the width is 1-30% of the thickness of the substrate, preferably 1-3 m; the shape may be one of circular, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, irregular, preferably rectangular.
The homogeneous substrate based on the thermal super-structure material provided by the invention can be suitable for two-dimensional situations and three-dimensional situations.
The conditions for achieving top temperature uniformity for a thermal super-structure material based soaking substrate are further deduced below:
Considering the transport process of heat conduction, its thermodynamic evolution process is given by Fourier law as formula (1):
wherein, kappa is the thermal conductivity of the material, Is a laplace operator.
Virtually transforming the position of a real heat source of the soaking substrate to be solved to the top of the homogenizing substrate and the position of a phantom heat source through a coordinate transformation method, dividing the regions of the homogenizing substrate and the soaking substrate non-heat source to be solved into a plurality of sub-regions, and carrying out coordinate transformation in each sub-region in the substrate, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
considering the two-dimensional case, the soaking substrate to be solved is divided into four regions, each region having different anisotropic thermal conductivity, and based on the transformation thermal theory, the coordinate change (x ', y') from the virtual space (x, y) on the homogenizing substrate to the physical space on the soaking substrate to be solved is as shown in formula (2):
wherein i is a region sequence number, and a two-dimensional Jacobian transformation determinant can be obtained by transforming the geometric coordinates before and after the transformation as shown in formula (3):
The corresponding material change can be obtained through Jacobian transformation matrix J, and the transformed thermal conductivity kappa' i is determined by a formula (4):
Where κ 0 is the isotropic thermal conductivity, J i is the determinant of the Jacobian transformation matrix, J i T is the transpose of the Jacobian transformation matrix, and κ' i is the second order thermal conductivity tensor.
To this end, the thermal conductivity has been determined for the critical parameters for designing the soaking substrate to be solved, equation (4), which are all expressed in a Cartesian coordinate system.
The invention can be generalized to the three-dimensional situation, the soaking substrate to be solved is divided into eighteen areas, each area has different anisotropic heat conductivity, and based on the transformation thermal theory, the coordinate change from the virtual space (x, y, z) of the homogenizing substrate to the physical space (x ', y ', z ') of the soaking substrate to be solved is changed from the formula (5) to the formula (6) as shown:
the Jacobian transformation matrix J of equation (5) is directly transformed from equation (3) to equation (6):
The corresponding material change can be obtained through Jacobian transformation matrix J, and the transformed thermal conductivity kappa' i is determined by a formula (4):
The three-dimensional case is different from the two-dimensional case only in that Jacobian transforms matrix J, and the algorithms for the remaining and two-dimensional cases are identical, i.e., the transformation of thermal conductivity κ' i is shown in equation (7).
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example one-two-dimensional steady state simulation
The two-dimensional schematic diagram of the soaking substrate to be solved is shown in fig. 1, wherein the gray area P' 1Q'1M'1N'1 is the heat source position, and the heat source of the soaking substrate to be solved is at the bottom left lower corner. The function mode of realizing regulation and control of heat conduction of the soaking substrate to be solved is as follows:
In order to demonstrate the correctness of theory, the invention uses a finite element simulation analysis method for verification. The given substrate is a rectangular heat conducting substrate, the length of the substrate is 100mm, the width of the substrate is 5mm, and the parameter setting of the soaking substrate to be solved is designed according to a formula (4). The results of the two-dimensional steady state simulation are shown in fig. 2. In the simulation, the upper boundary and the left and right boundaries are set as convection heat transfer boundary conditions, the convection heat transfer coefficient is 5W/(m 2. K), and the lower boundary is set as an adiabatic boundary condition.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the proposed conversion from a soaking substrate to a homogeneous substrate to be solved according to the present invention. According to the transformation thermal theory, we create a virtual phantom heat source that appears on top such that the heat source at the bottom of the soaking substrate to be solved appears to be on top of the soaking substrate to be solved, i.e. the heat source is transformed from the actual position shown by the bottom left edge square P' 1Q'1M'1N'1 in the left diagram of fig. 1 to the phantom position of the right diagram P 1Q1M1N1 of fig. 1 by performing coordinate transformation in the various areas within the soaking substrate to be solved, and the design regulates the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the material needed for each area of the substrate so that the overall temperature distribution is changed by adjusting the anisotropic thermal conductivity, and the temperature field detected by the thermal infrared imager will be the temperature field formed by the structure of the right diagram of fig. 1.
As can be seen from the observation of the simulation results in fig. 2 (b), the temperatures of the top of the soaking substrate to be solved are uniform, and the temperatures of all points on the section line of the top of the soaking substrate to be solved in fig. 2 (c) are substantially equal, which means that the temperatures of the top of the soaking substrate to be solved are uniform, thereby achieving the effect of the soaking plate.
Example two-three-dimensional steady-state simulation
The invention also performs a three-dimensional steady-state simulation in which the soaking substrate to be solved is a three-dimensional cuboid, and we give the substrate a cuboid heat conducting substrate with a length of 200mm, a width of 200mm and a height of 10mm, the results of which are shown in fig. 3. In the simulation process, six sides of the substrate are convection heat exchange boundary conditions, the convection heat exchange coefficient is 5W/(m 2.K), and the parameter setting of the thermal super-structure soaking substrate is designed according to a formula (7).
As can be seen from the observation of the simulation results in FIG. 3, the temperatures of all points on the top section of the soaking substrate to be solved in FIG. 3 (b) are substantially equal, and the temperatures of all points on the top section of the soaking substrate to be solved in FIG. 3 (d) are substantially equal, which indicates that the temperatures of the top of the soaking substrate to be solved are uniform, thus achieving the effect of the soaking plate.
Comparative example 1 two-dimensional steady state simulation
A uniform isotropic substrate with FR4 material is selected as a comparison, a given substrate is a rectangular heat conducting substrate, an ideal given substrate is a rectangular heat conducting substrate, the substrate length is 100mm, the width is 5mm, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of material parameters is 0.3W/(m.K). In the simulation, the upper boundary and the left and right boundaries are set as convection heat transfer boundary conditions, the convection heat transfer coefficient is 5W/(m 2. K), and the lower boundary is set as an adiabatic boundary condition.
As a result of observation of a uniformly isotropic substrate made of FR4, in fig. 2 (a), it was found that the difference in substrate temperature distribution was remarkable, and in fig. 2 (c), the temperature on the top section line of the substrate made of FR4 material was parabolic, and it was impossible to make the temperature values of all points on the top section line substantially equal.
Comparative example 2 three-dimensional steady state simulation
A uniform isotropic substrate of FR4 material was chosen for comparison, given that the substrate was a rectangular parallelepiped thermally conductive substrate, 200mm long, 200mm wide and 10mm high. The coefficient of thermal conductivity K of the material parameter is 0.3W/(mK). In the simulation process, six surfaces are convection heat exchange boundary conditions, and the convection heat exchange coefficient is 5W/(m 2.K).
As a result of observation of the results of the simulation of the uniformly isotropic substrate made of FR4 in fig. 3 (b), it can be found that the temperature value of the middle portion of the top section of the substrate differs greatly from the temperature value of the rest portion, that is, the difference between the highest temperature value and the lowest temperature value is large, and the temperature value mutation on the top section of the substrate made of FR4 in the left in fig. 3 (d) is obvious, and the temperature values of all points on the top surface cannot be substantially equal.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A regulation and control method for realizing a super-structure material soaking substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, setting a thermal conductivity coefficient of a homogeneous substrate, and setting the position and the size of a phantom heat source on the substrate;
S2, dividing the positions of the non-heat sources in the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved into a plurality of areas, and enabling the areas in the homogeneous substrate to be in one-to-one correspondence with the areas in the soaking substrate to be solved; constructing a coordinate conversion relation between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved so as to obtain a conversion matrix between the homogeneous substrate and the soaking substrate to be solved;
S3, constructing a thermal conductivity coefficient relation between the conversion matrix and each region on the soaking substrate to be solved by using the conversion matrix, calculating and obtaining the thermal conductivity coefficient of each region on the soaking substrate to be solved, and selecting corresponding materials of each region on the soaking substrate to be solved according to the thermal conductivity coefficient, so as to realize regulation and control of thermal conduction of the soaking substrate to be solved;
in step S1, the phantom heat source is located on top of the homogeneous substrate, and the distance between the phantom heat source and the upper surface of the homogeneous substrate is 1% -30% of the thickness of the homogeneous substrate;
in the step S1, the size of the phantom heat source is different from the actual heat source on the soaking substrate to be solved, and the length is 50% -100% of the length of the homogenizing substrate; the width is 1% -30% of the thickness of the homogeneous substrate;
in the step S1, the length of the phantom heat source is 90% -100% of the length of the homogeneous substrate;
In step S1, the phantom heat source is one of a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon, and an irregular shape.
2. The method for adjusting and controlling a soaking substrate of a super-structure material according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the conversion matrix and the coefficient relation of thermal conductivity of each region on the soaking substrate to be solved are performed according to the following expression:
Where κ i' is the second order thermal conductivity tensor for region i on the soaking substrate to be solved, J i is the transition matrix between region i on the homogenizing substrate and region i on the soaking substrate to be solved, and κ 0 is the thermal conductivity coefficient on the homogenizing substrate.
3. The method for adjusting and controlling a soaking substrate of a super-structure material according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, for the case that the soaking substrate to be solved and the homogeneous substrate are two-dimensional, the transformation matrix J i is performed according to the following expression:
Where x i and y i are the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of a point in region i on the homogeneous substrate, and x i 'and y i' are the abscissa and ordinate, respectively, of a point in region i on the homogeneous substrate to be solved;
For the case where the homogeneous substrate and the substrate to be solved are both three-dimensional, the transformation matrix J i is performed according to the following expression:
Where x i,yi and z i are the coordinates of the point in the region i on the homogeneous substrate in the x, y and z directions, respectively, and x i′,yi 'and z i' are the coordinates of the point in the region i on the homogeneous substrate to be solved in the x, y and z directions, respectively.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, the homogeneous substrate is a thermal super-structure material, and the phantom heat source is a heating plate of copper or aluminum.
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