CN113189364A - Ultrasonic wind measurement sensor and ultrasonic wind measurement system - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wind measurement sensor and ultrasonic wind measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113189364A CN113189364A CN202110597867.XA CN202110597867A CN113189364A CN 113189364 A CN113189364 A CN 113189364A CN 202110597867 A CN202110597867 A CN 202110597867A CN 113189364 A CN113189364 A CN 113189364A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
- G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P1/00—Details of instruments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an ultrasonic wind measuring system, and relates to the technical field of ultrasonic wind measuring sensors, wherein a four-way signal driving unit excites a transducer to work; the preprocessing unit preprocesses the twice reflected signals under the control of the micro control unit to obtain twice reflected sequences; and the micro control unit evaluates the two-time reflection sequence, judges whether the received two-time reflection signal meets the calculation condition, performs cross-correlation operation on the signal sequence of which the two-time reflection meets the calculation condition to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, repeats the above processes to respectively obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave excited by the four transducers in the air, and then calculates and obtains the wind speed and direction data in the two-dimensional plane by using a time difference method. Signals such as wind speed and wind direction are output through the data output unit, invalid sequences can be greatly reduced to participate in calculation, calculation time is saved, and rapidity, stability and reliability of wind speed and wind direction output data are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic wind measuring sensors, in particular to an ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an ultrasonic wind measuring system.
Background
Among various meteorological elements, wind is one of the most active elements, and the measurement of wind speed is widely applied to military affairs, meteorology, scientific experiments, industry, navigation, aviation and other aspects.
Common wind speed measurement techniques include mechanical measurement, pitot tube measurement, hot wire hot film measurement, laser doppler measurement, ultrasonic measurement, and the like.
The ultrasonic measurement method is favored by people and becomes the mainstream development direction of the anemoscope at present due to the unique advantages of wide measurement range, high measurement precision, high measurement speed, low starting wind speed, simple structure, vibration resistance, suitability for working in the field severe environment and the like which are incomparable with other measurement methods.
At any time, stability, rapidness, reliability, wide range and high precision are all the design requirements of any wind speed and direction sensor.
The existing ultrasonic wind measuring sensor mostly adopts a time difference estimation method to obtain wind speed and wind direction, but due to the structural and cost limitations of the sensor, the digital signal processing capability of the sensor is weak, the influence of error factors is more, the time difference estimation method directly samples a receiving and transmitting sequence and then calculates according to the definition of a cross-correlation function, the calculated amount is large, and the wind direction and the wind speed can change in real time in an actual scene, so that the accuracy and the real-time performance of the method are difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an ultrasonic wind measuring system, which can greatly reduce invalid sequences to participate in calculation, save calculation time and enhance the rapidity, stability and reliability of wind speed and direction output data by pre-evaluating a twice reflection sequence and presetting the amplification factor of a programmable amplifier. And the rapidity of wind speed and wind direction output data is further improved by matching with frequency domain cross-correlation calculation.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic anemometry sensor, including an energy conversion device and a circuit board, where the circuit board is provided with a micro control unit, a four-way signal driving unit and a preprocessing unit, and a data output unit, where the energy conversion device includes four energy converters;
the micro control unit is respectively connected with the four-path signal driving unit and the preprocessing unit;
after the four-path signal driving unit receives an excitation control signal of the micro control unit, the energy converter is excited to work; the preprocessing unit receives two reflection signals from the transducer under the control of the micro-control unit, and preprocesses the two reflection signals to obtain two reflection sequences; the micro control unit evaluates the two reflection sequences, judges whether the received two reflection sequences meet the calculation conditions, performs cross-correlation operation in a frequency domain on the two reflection sequences which both meet the calculation conditions to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, adjusts the preprocessing unit under the condition of saturation distortion or cut-off distortion on the two reflection sequences which do not meet the calculation conditions until the two reflection sequences obtained in the next period meet the calculation conditions, repeats the processes to respectively obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave excited by the four transducers in the air, calculates and obtains a wind speed measurement result in a two-dimensional plane by using a time difference method, and outputs the wind speed measurement result through the data output unit.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a multi-way switch is further disposed on the circuit board, and is connected to the micro control unit, and is configured to receive a switching control signal of the micro control unit and open a path between the preprocessing unit and the energy conversion device.
With reference to the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the transducer device includes a reflecting surface and four transducers distributed in a cross shape;
the four-path signal driving unit receives a first excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a first target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a first switching control signal of the micro-control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a second excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites the second target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a second switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a third excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a third target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and a third target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a fourth excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a fourth target transducer to work;
and the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer. And opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer after time delay to acquire two reflected signals.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the preprocessing unit includes a programmable amplifier, a band-pass filtering unit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the programmable amplifier is respectively connected with the multi-way switch and the micro control unit, and is used for amplifying the twice reflected signals received from the energy conversion device to obtain sine wave analog signals under twice Gaussian wave envelopes;
the band-pass filtering unit is connected with the programmable amplifier and is used for filtering the amplified analog signals of the sine waves under the two Gaussian wave envelopes;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected with the band-pass filtering unit and is used for digitally sampling the filtered analog signal to acquire a twice-reflecting sequence which can be identified by the micro-control unit, and the twice-reflecting sequence comprises a twice-reflecting digital sequence.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the micro control unit is further configured to, for the twice-reflected sequences that are not in agreement, adjust, by the micro control unit, the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier in case of saturation distortion or cut-off distortion until the twice-reflected sequences that meet the calculation condition are available in a next cycle.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the micro control unit is further configured to eliminate saturation distortion and cut-off distortion signals occurring at sinusoidal wave peak values under envelope in the two reflection sequences, and eliminate abnormal signals in which interval durations between a plurality of sinusoidal wave peaks and troughs under gaussian wave envelope in the primary reflection sequence far exceed a half-cycle duration of a sinusoidal wave.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the apparatus further includes a bottom plate, and the transducers are disposed on the bottom plate according to a preset angle.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where a sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on a precision of a time of flight, the time of flight is used to calculate the wind speed measurement result, and the wind speed measurement result is a two-dimensional plane wind speed value and a wind direction angle.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the four-way signal driving unit is further configured to generate a pulse width modulation square wave PWM wave to excite the transducer device to operate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultrasonic wind measuring system, which includes the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an upper computer connected to the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor.
Under the control of a micro control unit, a four-path signal driving unit receives corresponding excitation control signals to trigger an energy conversion device to work, a preprocessing unit carries out preprocessing such as amplification and filtering on signals output by the energy conversion device, and the micro control unit carries out digital sampling on the preprocessed signals through an analog-to-digital conversion unit so as to obtain a digital sequence which can be recognized by the micro control unit. The micro control unit evaluates the digital sequence obtained by two reflections, eliminates abnormal signals, presets the amplification factor of a programmable amplifier, obtains the time of flight degree by realizing a cross-correlation function in a frequency domain, realizes the synthesis of the wind speed and the wind direction in a two-dimensional plane quickly, stably and accurately, and realizes the output through an output unit.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic anemometry sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a transducer measurement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a positive half-wave of a first received waveform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positive half wave of a second received waveform;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of time domain computed cross-correlation functions;
FIG. 6 is a schematic frequency domain diagram of a first received sequence;
FIG. 7 is a schematic frequency domain diagram of a second received sequence;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of complex multiplication conjugate of the first and second received sequences;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an inverse transformation of the complex-multiplied conjugate result;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain calculation of the cross-correlation function.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The ultrasonic measurement method is favored by people and becomes the mainstream development direction of the anemoscope at present due to the unique advantages of wide measurement range, high measurement precision, high measurement speed, low starting wind speed, simple structure, vibration resistance, suitability for working in the field severe environment and the like which are incomparable with other measurement methods.
At any time, the design requirements of any wind speed and direction instrument are fast, reliable, wide in range and high in precision.
The inventor researches and discovers that the current ultrasonic wind measuring sensor adopts a time difference estimation method to obtain wind speed and wind direction, but due to the structural and cost limitations of the sensor, the digital signal processing capability of the sensor is weak, the influence of error factors is more, the time difference estimation method directly samples a receiving and transmitting sequence and then calculates according to the definition of a cross-correlation function, the calculated amount is large, and the wind direction and the wind speed can change in real time in an actual scene, so that the accuracy and the real-time performance of the method are difficult to guarantee.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an ultrasonic wind measuring system, and by evaluating and screening the reflection sequences twice and presetting the amplification factor of a programmable amplifier after each excitation, invalid sequences can be greatly reduced to participate in calculation, the calculation time is saved, and the stability and reliability of wind speed and wind direction output data are enhanced. And the rapidity of wind speed and wind direction output data is further improved by matching with frequency domain cross-correlation calculation.
The following is a detailed description by way of example.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic wind sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, which includes an energy conversion device and a circuit board, where the energy conversion device and the circuit board may be connected by wireless communication or wire to implement data transmission, and a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a four-way signal driving Unit, and a preprocessing Unit are disposed on the circuit board, and the micro control Unit is connected to the four-way signal driving Unit and the preprocessing Unit, respectively.
And the four-path signal driving unit receives an excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites the energy conversion device to work.
The four-path signal driving unit is also used for generating Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) square wave waves so as to trigger and excite the energy conversion device to work through the PWM waves.
The preprocessing unit switches the multi-way switch under the control of the micro control unit to receive signals reflected twice from the energy conversion device, amplifies and filters the signals reflected twice through the programmable amplifier and the band-pass filtering unit, and discretizes the signals through the digital-to-analog conversion unit to obtain a digital sequence of the reflected twice;
here, by adding a hardware preprocessing unit structure, the filtering and denoising processing of poor signals such as noise in analog signals, which are not beneficial to subsequent calculation, is realized, and it should be noted that the filtering and denoising method adopted here can be known by those skilled in the art.
And the micro control unit evaluates the two-time reflection sequence, judges whether the received two-time reflection signal meets the calculation condition, and performs cross-correlation operation in a frequency domain on the signal sequence of which the two-time reflection meets the calculation condition to acquire the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air.
And if the sequence does not meet the calculation condition, the micro control unit adjusts the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier if the sequence is in saturation distortion or cutoff distortion so as to obtain an ideal signal in the next period.
And repeating the processes to respectively obtain the flight degree time of the ultrasonic waves excited by the four transducers in the air, and calculating and obtaining the wind speed and direction data in the two-dimensional plane by using a time difference method. And outputting signals of wind speed, wind direction and the like through the data output unit.
In some embodiments, the sampling signals are denoised only by hardware, and all noise or abnormal signals cannot be removed.
It should be noted that the wind speed measurement result and the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the calm wind can both be understood as vector data, the wind speed measurement result is a wind speed value and a wind direction angle in a planar two-dimensional dimension, and the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the calm wind also includes the wind direction angle and the wind speed value.
In the preferred embodiment in the practical application process, under the control of the micro control unit, the four-path signal driving unit receives corresponding excitation control signals to trigger the energy conversion device to work, the preprocessing unit amplifies and filters signals output by the energy conversion device to remove noise and bad signals, and the micro control unit eliminates the preprocessed abnormal signal reflection sequences so as to obtain more accurate wind speed measurement results and wind direction measurement results in time and improve the stability, rapidness and accuracy of wind speed and wind direction.
It can be understood that, in the application, the reflection sequence is subjected to screening and rejecting abnormal signals therein, and then participates in operation, so that a large amount of invalid and even wrong signal data is avoided from the source, the calculated amount is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the multiple of the programmable amplifier is timely adjusted after being evaluated by the microcontroller, so that the signal quality is further improved, and the detection result can be more accurately and rapidly obtained. The combination with frequency domain cross-correlation will further improve the system speed.
In some embodiments, the circuit board is further provided with a multi-way switch, which is connected to the micro control unit, receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit, and opens a path between the preprocessing unit and the energy conversion device.
In some embodiments, the transducer arrangement comprises a reflective surface and four transducers distributed in a cross; in practical application, the energy converter further comprises a bottom plate, and the energy converter is arranged on the bottom plate according to a preset angle.
Illustratively, the ultrasonic anemometry system structure of the invention is formed by mounting the transceiver-integrated transducers E, W, S, N (east, west, south, north) on a bottom plate at a predetermined fixed angle (e.g., 45 degrees), and mounting reflective surfaces on the tops of the four transducers.
As an alternative embodiment, the multi-way switch and the four-way signal driving unit determine the active target transducer according to the control signal of the micro-control unit, and perform the corresponding excitation or switch-on operation, which may specifically include:
the four-path signal driving unit receives a first excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a first target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a first switching control signal of the micro-control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; and opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer after delaying time to acquire two reflected signals.
And/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a second excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites the second target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a second switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; and opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer after time delay to acquire two reflected signals.
And/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a third excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a third target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; and opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer after time delay to acquire two reflected signals.
And/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a fourth excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a fourth target transducer to work;
and the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer. And opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer after time delay to acquire two reflected signals.
Here, after the micro control unit excites all four transducers, the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave back and forth between the two transducers can be sequentially and respectively obtained. The flow chart of the measurement of the ultrasonic time of flight for a complete four-transducer measurement is shown in fig. 2, where four transducers are all excited as a group, where the transducers may also be referred to as probes, and a four-probe measurement is started, and specifically includes the following steps:
step S201, generating PWM to excite a probe;
step S202, selecting an opposite probe as a signal receiving end;
step S203, starting an ADC to receive signals;
step S204, presetting the signal amplification factor of the opposite probe;
step S205, switching the probe to be a receiving end in a delayed mode;
step S206, presetting the signal amplification factor of the probe;
step S207, waiting until the sampling is completed;
step S208, judging whether the signal characteristics meet the requirements;
if yes, go to step S209 for delay calculation;
if not, returning to the step S201;
step S210, judging whether the four-probe data acquisition is finished or not;
if yes, executing step S211, and storing the synthesized data into a buffer area or outputting the synthesized data;
if not, step S212 is executed to adjust the excited probe.
In some embodiments, the pre-processing unit comprises a programmable amplifier, a band-pass filtering unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the programmable amplifier is respectively connected with the multi-way switch and the micro control unit, and amplifies the twice reflected signals received from the energy conversion device to obtain the analog signals of the sine waves under the twice Gaussian wave envelopes.
And the band-pass filtering unit is connected with the programmable amplifier and is used for filtering the amplified signals.
The Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is connected with the band-pass filtering unit and is used for digitally sampling the filtered Analog signals to acquire a digital sequence which can be identified by the micro-control unit.
Illustratively, the circuit board comprises a Microcontroller (MCU), and the four-way signal driving circuit is connected to a PWM signal generating part of the MCU to respectively excite the four-way transducers. The opposite transducer of the excited transducer will produce receiving signal, and the MCU controls the multiplex switch to switch the signal terminal. The selected signal is amplified by the programmable amplifier and then enters the band-pass filtering unit.
In some embodiments, the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on transducer accuracy and time-of-flight accuracy for calculating the wind speed measurement and the wind direction measurement, such as a transducer accuracy of 200K and a time-of-flight accuracy of 0.1 microseconds.
The setting of the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier is completed by the MCU. The MCU determines the sampling frequency by controlling the clock signal of the ADC, and the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and then sent to the MCU so as to evaluate, delay time calculate, synthesize and output the signal.
The application also includes a system power supply for providing conversion and support for each module power supply.
In some embodiments, the micro-control unit is further configured to reject saturated distortion and cut-off distortion signals occurring at sinusoidal peaks under the envelope in the two-reflection sequence. And eliminating abnormal signals of which the interval duration between a plurality of sine wave peaks and troughs under the Gaussian wave in one reflection is far more than the half-cycle duration of the sine wave.
And presetting a new amplification factor for the signal eliminated by the saturation distortion or the cut-off distortion for the next period of the programmable amplifier.
And performing cross-correlation operation in a frequency domain on the sequence meeting the calculation condition to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, repeatedly obtaining the flight time of the ultrasonic wave excited by the four transducers in the air, and calculating and obtaining the wind speed and the wind direction in the two-dimensional plane by using a time difference method.
And if the sequence does not meet the calculation condition, the micro control unit adjusts the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier if the sequence is saturated distortion or cut-off distortion, so that the signal meeting the calculation condition can be obtained in the next period. Further dynamically improving signal quality.
The method mainly comprises the steps of judging whether the signal characteristics in the reflection sequence meet requirements or are abnormal quickly and accurately, judging whether the amplitude of the signal is saturated or not and stopping distortion or not, and using energy concentration positions of signals received twice as a primary judgment condition. The preset amplification factor is increased for the cut-off distortion signal, and the preset amplification factor is decreased for the saturation distortion signal. Meanwhile, the maximum value and the minimum value in the received signal should be at the peak position and the valley position of one waveform period, and thus, the maximum value and the minimum value can also be used as the judgment standard for judging whether the waveform is valid or not. The signal is also considered distorted if the duration between the peak and valley is much more than 2.5 microseconds of a half cycle.
For the two reception sequences which can participate in the calculation after screening, the algorithm for calculating the time of flight is shown in fig. 3 to 5, fig. 3 is a positive half wave of the intercepted first reception waveform, and fig. 4 is a positive half wave of the intercepted second reception waveform. Fig. 5 shows the result of the time-domain cross-correlation function of two reflection sequences. The time of flight can be obtained by finding the position of the maximum of the cross-correlation function (peak position) to compensate for the truncation time between the two received signals.
As another alternative embodiment, a frequency domain calculation method may also be adopted, where fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a result obtained by performing FFT calculation on the first received sequence, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a result obtained by performing FFT calculation on the second received sequence. The result obtained by complex multiplying the first FFT result by the conjugate of the second FFT result is shown in fig. 8, the result obtained by inverse FFT on the complex multiplication result is shown in fig. 9, the 2N (in this example, 2N is 2048) th point is removed, and the result obtained before the second half waveform is connected to the first half-wave is shown in fig. 10, which is the frequency domain calculation result of the correlation function.
It can be understood that, in fig. 5 and 10, the cross-correlation function in the time domain is consistent with the image of the cross-correlation function calculation result in the frequency domain, and the calculation amount in the frequency domain is much smaller than that in the time domain. The time of flight can be obtained by finding the position of the maximum of the cross-correlation function (peak position) to compensate for the truncation time between the two received signals.
By the method, the stability, accuracy and rapidity of the output data of the ultrasonic sensor are improved greatly.
In some embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultrasonic wind measuring system, which includes the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor and an upper computer connected to the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor.
In some embodiments, the upper computer can communicate with a micro-control unit in the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor to control the on-off state of the work of the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor, and the wind speed and wind direction calculated by the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor are transmitted to the upper computer to be recorded, monitored and analyzed.
The ultrasonic wind measuring system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same technical characteristics as the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor provided by the embodiment, so that the same technical problems can be solved, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic wind measuring sensor is characterized by comprising an energy conversion device and a circuit board, wherein the circuit board is provided with a micro control unit, a four-path signal driving unit and a preprocessing unit, and a data output unit;
the micro control unit is respectively connected with the four-path signal driving unit and the preprocessing unit;
after the four-path signal driving unit receives an excitation control signal of the micro control unit, the energy converter is excited to work; the preprocessing unit receives two reflection signals from the transducer under the control of the micro-control unit, and preprocesses the two reflection signals to obtain two reflection sequences; the micro control unit evaluates the two reflection sequences, judges whether the received two reflection sequences meet the calculation conditions, performs cross-correlation operation in a frequency domain on the two reflection sequences which both meet the calculation conditions to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, adjusts the preprocessing unit under the condition of saturation distortion or cut-off distortion on the two reflection sequences which do not meet the calculation conditions until the two reflection sequences obtained in the next period meet the calculation conditions, repeats the processes to respectively obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave excited by the four transducers in the air, calculates and obtains a wind speed measurement result in a two-dimensional plane by using a time difference method, and outputs the wind speed measurement result through the data output unit.
2. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor according to claim 1, further comprising a multi-way switch disposed on the circuit board, connected to the micro-control unit, for receiving a switching control signal from the micro-control unit and opening a path between the preprocessing unit and the transduction device.
3. An ultrasonic anemometry sensor according to claim 2 wherein said transducing means comprises a reflecting surface and four transducers arranged in a cross;
the four-path signal driving unit receives a first excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a first target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a first switching control signal of the micro-control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a second excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites the second target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a second switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a third excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a third target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a passage between the preprocessing unit and a fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; after delaying time, opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and a third target transducer to obtain two reflected signals;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the four-path signal driving unit receives a fourth excitation control signal of the micro control unit and excites a fourth target transducer to work;
the multi-way switch receives a switching control signal of the micro control unit and opens a path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer; and opening a channel between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer after time delay to acquire two reflected signals.
4. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 3 wherein the preprocessing unit comprises a programmable amplifier, a band pass filter unit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the programmable amplifier is respectively connected with the multi-way switch and the micro control unit, and is used for amplifying the twice reflected signals received from the energy conversion device to obtain sine wave analog signals under twice Gaussian wave envelopes;
the band-pass filtering unit is connected with the programmable amplifier and is used for filtering the amplified analog signals of the sine waves under the two Gaussian wave envelopes;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected with the band-pass filtering unit and is used for digitally sampling the filtered analog signal to acquire a twice-reflecting sequence which can be identified by the micro-control unit, and the twice-reflecting sequence comprises a twice-reflecting digital sequence.
5. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 4 wherein the micro-control unit is further configured to adjust the amplification of the programmable amplifier for non-conforming sequences of the two reflections if the sequence is saturated or cut-off distorted until a calculated sequence of the two reflections is available in a next cycle.
6. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 1, wherein the micro-control unit is further configured to reject saturation distortion and cut-off distortion signals occurring at sinusoidal peaks under envelope in the two-reflection sequence, and reject abnormal signals having intervals between a plurality of sinusoidal peaks and troughs under gaussian envelope in the one-reflection sequence exceeding half-period duration of the sinusoidal wave.
7. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 4 further comprising a base plate on which the transducers are disposed at a predetermined angle.
8. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 7 wherein a sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on a time-of-flight accuracy used to calculate the wind speed measurements, the wind speed measurements being two-dimensional planar wind speed values and wind direction angles.
9. The ultrasonic anemometry sensor of claim 1 wherein the four-way signal driving unit is further configured to generate a pulse width modulated square wave PWM wave to excite the transducing device to operate.
10. An ultrasonic anemometry system comprising the ultrasonic anemometry sensor of any of claims 1-9 and an upper computer connected to the ultrasonic anemometry sensor.
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| CN114397473A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-04-26 | 山东睿斯达智能科技有限公司 | Wind speed and direction measuring method and measuring system based on ultrasonic echo signals |
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