CN113188390A - Hydraulic blasting construction method for steeply inclined thin ore body - Google Patents
Hydraulic blasting construction method for steeply inclined thin ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN113188390A CN113188390A CN202110609787.1A CN202110609787A CN113188390A CN 113188390 A CN113188390 A CN 113188390A CN 202110609787 A CN202110609787 A CN 202110609787A CN 113188390 A CN113188390 A CN 113188390A
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- ore body
- blasthole
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- thin ore
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body, which comprises the following steps: constructing a blasting free surface on the steeply inclined thin ore body, constructing a plurality of blastholes on the blasting free surface, forming a certain angle between the extending direction of the blastholes and the horizontal direction, installing explosive cartridges and water bags in the blastholes, plugging the openings of the blastholes by using stemming, electrically connecting the explosive cartridges with an electronic detonator initiation system, checking the electronic detonator initiation system to confirm the safety of the electronic detonator initiation system, then initiating according to the sequence from outside to inside, checking the blasted ore body to confirm the safety of the blasted ore body, carrying out slag tapping operation, and finishing construction. The blasting construction efficiency is improved, and the comprehensive cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body.
Background
The blasting technology is widely applied to the fields of tunnel excavation, urban buildings and the like, the conventional blasting technology mostly uses air as a blasting medium, the blasting process is not easy to control, and the danger is high.
Therefore, a hydraulic blasting technology is proposed, which is a technology for breaking a surrounding body to be blasted by using water as an energy transfer medium to transfer explosion energy and pressure, and has the advantages of uniform energy transmission, high utilization rate, capability of effectively improving blasting forming quality and the like.
At present, most of blasting technologies applied in the field of mining are conventional blasting technologies, the application of hydraulic blasting technologies is less, but the defects of large smoke dust, long ventilation time, more scattered matters and the like are caused during conventional blasting, and the comprehensive cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body, which improves the construction efficiency and reduces the comprehensive cost of blasting construction.
In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
the application provides a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body, which comprises the following steps: constructing a blasting free surface on the steeply inclined thin ore body, constructing a plurality of blastholes on the blasting free surface, forming a certain angle between the extending direction of the blastholes and the horizontal direction, installing explosive cartridges and water bags in the blastholes, plugging the openings of the blastholes by using stemming, electrically connecting the explosive cartridges with an electronic detonator initiation system, checking the electronic detonator initiation system to confirm the safety of the electronic detonator initiation system, then initiating according to the sequence from outside to inside, checking the blasted ore body to confirm the safety of the blasted ore body, carrying out slag tapping operation, and finishing construction.
Compared with the prior art, the construction method adopts water pressure explosion, and the mode of combining the water bag and the explosive cartridge is utilized, so that the water wedge effect generated after the water explosion is beneficial to the rock mass crushing, and the fragments have uniform lumpiness and are easy to transport. Meanwhile, water in the water bag can play a role in atomizing and reducing dust after explosion, so that smoke generated by explosion is reduced, the pollution to the environment is reduced, the ventilation time is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the comprehensive cost of blasting construction is reduced.
In an embodiment of the application, the angle between the direction of extension of the blastholes and the horizontal is 45 ° to 60 °.
In an embodiment of the present application, the blasthole includes first blasthole row and second blasthole row that all arrange along first direction, first blasthole row with the interval of second blasthole row along the second direction is 0.5m, the interval of two adjacent first blastholes in first blasthole row is 1.4m, the interval of two adjacent second blastholes in second blasthole row is 1.4m and any one is followed with adjacent first blasthole in second blasthole row the interval of first direction is 0.7 m.
In one embodiment of the application, 4 explosive cartridges and 1 water bag are sequentially arranged in the blasthole from inside to outside, and the opening of the blasthole is sealed by stemming.
In an embodiment of the application, the stemming is prepared by clay, medium sand and water in a weight ratio of 0.70:0.10:0.20 through a stemming machine.
In one embodiment of the present application, the water bag is made of a high molecular weight polyethylene material, and the water bag is filled with high pressure water.
In one embodiment of the present application, the water bag has a length of 20 cm.
In an embodiment of the application, the water bag is radially uncoupled from the borehole.
In an embodiment of the present application, the electronic detonator initiation system includes an initiator and an electronic detonator, and the electronic detonator is connected to both the initiator and the cartridge.
In one embodiment of the present application, there are two electronic detonating tubes, and the two electronic detonating tubes are connected to both the initiator and the cartridge.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blasting structure for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a location of a blasthole for a steeply dipping thin ore body according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a blasthole charge for a steeply dipping thin ore body according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
100. blasting a free surface; 200. carrying out blast hole drilling; 210. a first row of blastholes; 220. a second row of blastholes; 300. explosive rolls; 400. a water bag; 500. stemming.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The terms referred to in this application are explained first:
the blasting free surface refers to the interface of rock and air during blasting.
The application provides a hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method of the embodiment may include the following steps:
s101, constructing a blasting free surface on the steeply inclined thin ore body.
The blast free surface 100 provides a blast space for blasting operation, and the resistance of the ore body in the direction of the blast free surface 100 is minimized. Therefore, the blasting energy is released towards the blasting free surface 100, so that the detonation wave firstly breaks through at one side of the blasting free surface 100 to break or even throw away the ore body rock, thereby facilitating the control of the blasting process.
Of course, the more the blasting free surfaces 100, the better the blasting effect, and the higher the utilization rate of the explosive energy, the number and the position of the blasting free surfaces 100 can be designed according to the actual situation of the ore body, and are not limited herein.
S102, constructing a plurality of blastholes on the blasting free surface, wherein the extending direction of the blastholes forms a certain angle alpha with the horizontal direction.
The blast holes 200 are drilled in the free blasting surface 100, and the number and the types of the blast holes 200 are generally large, for example, the blast holes 200 may be divided into cutting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes, and the like, which is not limited herein. The location and number of blastholes 200 can generally be determined based on the desired swath.
The blastholes 200 on the blasting free surface 100 generally extend obliquely upwards, that is, the openings of the blastholes 200 are on the blasting free surface 100, and the blastholes 200 are drilled obliquely upwards, so that the method is suitable for the steeply inclined thin ore body to meet the actual blasting condition on the one hand, and on the other hand, residues generated when the blastholes 200 are drilled obliquely upwards can freely slide down due to the action of gravity, so that the difficulty in cleaning the residues is reduced.
Of course, if residues in the blast hole 200 are left, the residues can be cleaned in a mode of conveying high-pressure air by an air compressor or flushing by a high-pressure water gun and the like, so that the subsequent charging work is facilitated.
S103, mounting an explosive cartridge and a water bag in the blasthole, plugging the opening of the blasthole by using stemming, and electrically connecting the explosive cartridge with the electronic detonator initiation system.
The stick 300 may be mounted at the bottom of the borehole 200 (here the deepest part of the borehole 200, i.e. the opening furthest from the borehole 200), followed by the water bag 400 and finally the opening of the borehole 200 may be closed with stemming 500. Of course, to facilitate controlled initiation, cartridge 300 should be electrically connected to an electronic detonator initiation system so that the operator controls initiation.
And S104, checking the electronic detonator initiation system, confirming the safety of the electronic detonator initiation system, and then initiating according to the sequence from outside to inside.
After safety is checked, initiation is carried out in an outside-in sequence, here from peripheral blastholes 200 to central blastholes 200.
And S105, checking the blasted ore body, confirming the safety of the blasted ore body, performing slag tapping operation, and finishing construction.
And after blasting is finished, checking the blasted ore body, carrying out primary support, and after safety is confirmed, conveying out slag generated by blasting to finish blasting operation.
Compared with the prior art, the construction method adopts water pressure explosion, and the mode of combining the water bag 400 and the explosive cartridge 300 is utilized, so that the water wedge effect generated after the water explosion is beneficial to the rock mass crushing, and the fragments have uniform lumpiness and are easy to transport. Meanwhile, water in the water bag 400 can perform the functions of atomization and dust reduction after explosion, so that smoke generated by explosion is reduced, the pollution to the environment is reduced, the ventilation time is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the comprehensive cost of blasting construction is reduced.
In order to facilitate the excavation of the blastholes 200 and the sliding of the residues, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, an angle α formed by the extending direction of the blastholes 200 and the horizontal direction is 45 ° to 60 °, and when the angle is greater than 60 °, the inclination of the blastholes 200 is large, which is inconvenient to excavate the blastholes 200; when the angle is less than 45 degrees, the inclination of the blasthole 200 is small, which is not beneficial to the residue sliding.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the blastholes 200 include a first blasthole row 210 and a second blasthole row 220 each arranged in a first direction, the first and second blasthole rows 210 and 220 have a pitch of 0.5m in a second direction, the first and second directions are perpendicular to each other for convenience of arrangement, the pitch of two adjacent first blastholes in the first blasthole row 210 is 1.4m, the pitch of two adjacent second blastholes in the second blasthole row 220 is 1.4m, and the pitch of any one of the second blasthole rows 220 to the adjacent first blasthole in the first direction is 0.7m, and the blasting range and the blasting effect are controlled by controlling the positions of the respective blastholes 200 and the pitches between the blastholes 200.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, 4 cartridges 300 and 1 water bag 400 are installed inside the borehole 200 in sequence from inside to outside, and the opening of the borehole 200 is sealed with stemming 500. The blasting energy of 4 explosive cartridges 300 can satisfy the blasting demand, avoids explosive cartridge 300 too much, increases the blasting cost. Of course, the number of explosive cartridges 300 in the blasthole 200 can be increased or decreased as appropriate according to specific situations, and the blasting energy of the cartridges can meet the blasting requirement.
To facilitate plugging the opening of the blasthole 200, in some embodiments, the stemming 500 is prepared by machine-prefabricating clay, medium sand, and water in a weight ratio of 0.70:0.10: 0.20. In a construction site, the prefabricated stemming 500 can be directly plugged at the opening of the blasthole 200, and is convenient to use.
In some embodiments, water bag 400 is made of a high molecular weight polyethylene material, and water bag 400 is filled with high pressure water. The water bag 400 made of the high polymer polyethylene material has high strength and can bear high water pressure without cracking, and the water bag 400 is filled with high-pressure water and is matched with the explosive cartridge 300 to increase the blasting energy and improve the utilization rate of the blasting energy.
To facilitate the mass production of the water bag 400, in some embodiments, the length of the water bag 400 is 20 cm. The water bag 400 is manufactured to a specified length, which is convenient for batch production. However, the length of the water bag 400 may be changed as appropriate according to specific situations, and is not limited herein.
In some embodiments, there is no radial coupling between water bag 400, stick 300, and blasthole 200. When the uncoupled charge explodes, the detonation wave is transmitted to the rock on the hole wall through the air medium, and the air gap is just like an air cushion. The energy of the gas products in the initial stage of detonation can be (partially) stored, and the initial pressure peak acting on the blast hole is weakened. The compressed air cushion releases a large amount of stored energy to do work, so that the acting time of detonation gas products is prolonged, and the blasting effect is improved.
To control initiation, in some embodiments, the electronic detonator initiation system includes an initiator and an electronic detonator that is coupled to both the initiator and the cartridge 300. The detonator is connected with the electronic detonating tube which is connected with the explosive cartridge 300, so that the control of detonation can be realized by operating the detonator by an operator, the operation is convenient, and the safety is improved. Generally, the electronic detonator priming system further comprises an encoder which can set a required delay time for the electronic detonator.
To ensure detonation, in some embodiments, there are two electronic detonators, both of which are connected to the initiator and the cartridge 300. Two electronic detonating tubes are connected with the detonator and the explosive cartridge 300, so that the explosive cartridge 300 can be detonated, and the problem that the explosive cartridge 300 cannot be detonated due to the fact that one electronic detonating tube fails is solved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a blasting free surface on the steeply inclined thin ore body;
constructing a plurality of blastholes on the blasting free surface, wherein the extending direction of the blastholes forms a certain angle with the horizontal direction;
mounting a explosive cartridge and a water bag in the blasthole, plugging the opening of the blasthole by using stemming, and electrically connecting the explosive cartridge with an electronic detonator initiation system;
checking the electronic detonator initiation system, confirming the safety of the electronic detonator initiation system, and then initiating according to the sequence from outside to inside;
and (5) checking the blasted ore body, confirming the safety of the blasted ore body, performing slag tapping operation and finishing construction.
2. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply dipping thin ore body according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed by the extending direction of the blasthole and the horizontal direction is 45 ° to 60 °.
3. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply dipping thin ore body according to claim 2, wherein the blastholes comprise a first blasthole row and a second blasthole row which are arranged in a first direction, the first blasthole row and the second blasthole row have a spacing of 0.5m in a second direction, two adjacent first blastholes in the first blasthole row have a spacing of 1.4m, two adjacent second blastholes in the second blasthole row have a spacing of 1.4m, and any one of the second blasthole rows has a spacing of 0.7m from the adjacent first blasthole in the first direction.
4. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to claim 1, wherein 4 cartridges and 1 water bag are installed in the borehole from inside to outside in this order, and the opening of the borehole is closed with stemming.
5. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to claim 1, wherein the stemming is prepared by prefabricating clay, medium sand and water in a weight ratio of 0.70:0.10:0.20 by a stemming machine.
6. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water bag is made of a high molecular polyethylene material, and is filled with high pressure water.
7. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to claim 6, wherein the length of the water bag is 20 cm.
8. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply dipping thin ore body according to claim 6, wherein the water bag is not coupled with the blasthole in the radial direction.
9. The hydraulic blasting construction method for the steeply inclined thin ore body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electronic detonator initiation system comprises an initiator and an electronic detonator, and the electronic detonator is connected with both the initiator and the explosive cartridge.
10. The hydraulic blasting construction method for a steeply inclined thin ore body according to claim 9, wherein there are two electronic detonating tubes, and the two electronic detonating tubes are connected to both the initiator and the cartridge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110609787.1A CN113188390A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for steeply inclined thin ore body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110609787.1A CN113188390A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for steeply inclined thin ore body |
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| CN202110609787.1A Withdrawn CN113188390A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for steeply inclined thin ore body |
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| CN102735126A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-17 | 江西稀有金属钨业控股集团有限公司 | Millisecond blasting ore-waste separating method of gentle-inclined narrow ore body |
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