CN113187479B - Method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe - Google Patents
Method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/14—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/04—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive for producing gas under pressure
- F42B3/045—Hybrid systems with previously pressurised gas using blasting to increase the pressure, e.g. causing the gas to be released from its sealed container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining or quarrying, and discloses a method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe; the method comprises the following steps: a: preparing a 380V alternating current and sufficient liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; b: designing and assembling the cracking tube, namely placing the liquid storage tube of the cracking tube on a display rack, installing a fixed pressing sheet and a gasket on the liquid storage tube for sealing, connecting the liquid storage tube with a lead of a heating device, then placing the cracking tube on a filling platform, and filling carbon dioxide into the liquid storage tube; c: drilling, namely constructing by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the drilling depth is 4-4.5m, the depth error of the bottom of the hole is less than 5% of the depth of the hole, and the holes are distributed in a quincunx shape; d: filling a fracturing pipe, namely filling the fracturing pipe into a hole in a hoisting mode after drilling the hole, and then filling coarse sand into the hole; the problems of low blasting controllability, poor blasting accuracy, poor blasting predictability, safety risk of non-intrinsic safety blasting and the like are solved, and the safety and the stability of blasting are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining or quarrying, and particularly relates to a method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by using a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe.
Background
With the rapid development of the country, the demands for mining ores, modifying landforms and demolishing old houses are further increased. The existing blasting technology is mainly based on explosives. The explosive has great power and short action time, and belongs to open fire blasting. However, explosive blasting has the defects of high noise, easy hidden fire hazard and the like, and has great requirements on storage conditions, transportation conditions and use conditions. The carbon dioxide blasting equipment is used for physical blasting by utilizing the liquid carbon dioxide to be heated and quickly gasified to impact the outside. The carbon dioxide explosion does not produce harmful substances such as gas dust and the like, and the working environment is improved. No open fire exists, and secondary explosion and fraud cannot be generated to threaten the safety of workers. The carbon dioxide blasting power is controllable, the noise is low, and the large influence on the surrounding environment can not be caused during urban construction.
However, in the actual operation, because the blasting rock stratum densities are different, high-precision calculation is needed for carbon dioxide blasting to achieve the effect of directional blasting, in the existing carbon dioxide blasting technology, a fractured pipe is not easy to recover after blasting, and is easy to bury and lose, meanwhile, the existing carbon dioxide blasting lacks safety monitoring, the blasting controllability is low, the blasting precision is poor, the blasting predictability is poor, once an error is caused by blasting, all errors are irreversible, and in the building blasting, the safety risk of non-intrinsic safety blasting is caused by possible threat to lives and properties of people.
Chinese patent application No. 201910398971.9 discloses an improved device and method for releasing explosion of a carbon dioxide-induced cracking tube, which belongs to the technical field of explosion and comprises a safety protection cover with the diameter larger than that of an explosion release area, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer of a steel plate of the main body of the safety protection cover are wrapped with wire netting; springs which are vertically upward and have the same height are uniformly hung on the wire netting on the upper layer of the steel plate, and the wire netting which is as large as the safety protection cover is hung on the top of the spring; the wire netting at the lower layer of the steel plate is hung and connected below the steel plate through a hook and is vertically downwards reversely buckled and buried in the explosion release hole, an extension base is arranged on the main body of the protective pipe, and the inner diameter of the main body of the protective pipe is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the carbon dioxide cracking device; the tail end of the carbon dioxide cracking device in the protection pipe is provided with a hook for hanging and connecting a wire netting at the lower layer of the steel plate.
In the above-mentioned prior art scheme, through improving the structure of fracturing pipe, increased safety protection nature, but to the prediction deviation of blasting technique, the blasting controllability is low and does not make effective improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, and by arranging a safety monitoring system and a reasonable operation process, the problems of low blasting controllability, poor blasting accuracy, poor blasting predictability, safety risk of non-intrinsic safety blasting and the like are solved, and the safety and the stability of blasting are further improved.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe; the method comprises the following steps:
a: preparing a 380V alternating current, a sufficient liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, a corresponding cracking tube, a heating rod and a gasket;
b: designing and assembling the cracking tube, namely placing the liquid storage tube of the cracking tube on a display rack, installing a fixed pressing sheet and a gasket on the liquid storage tube for sealing, connecting the liquid storage tube with a lead of a heating device, then placing the cracking tube on a filling platform, and filling carbon dioxide into the liquid storage tube;
c: drilling, namely constructing by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the drilling depth is 4-4.5m, the depth error of the bottom of the hole is less than 5% of the depth of the hole, and the holes are distributed in a quincunx shape;
d: filling a fracturing pipe, namely filling the fracturing pipe into a hole in a hoisting mode after drilling the hole, and then filling coarse sand into the hole;
e: the fracturing pipe connection protection adopts the steel wire rope to connect all the fracturing pipes, ensures that the fracturing pipes are in an integral state, and the lifting hook at the end of each fracturing pipe is connected with the steel wire rope, so that the fracturing pipes are prevented from flying out when being exploded, the safety is improved, and meanwhile, the fracturing pipes are prevented from being buried and lost.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step f: exciting and recovering the fracturing pipes, connecting the leads thrown out from the tail end of each fracturing pipe in series one by one, and respectively connecting the two leads connected in series with the fracturing pipes on a 380V detonator for detonation; and collecting the fracturing pipe through a steel wire rope after blasting, and cleaning up residues inside the fracturing pipe after collection for next use.
Preferably, in the step b, the designing step of the fracturing pipe comprises A1, presetting the explosive force, and setting the maximum explosive force to be 500MPa according to the strength of the bedrock; a2, determining the realized temperature range according to the gas state equation pV = nRT; p is the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n represents the amount of gaseous species, and T represents the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas; r is an ideal gas constant.
Preferably, the design of the fracturing pipe further comprises a step A3 of obtaining the volume V1= V/n of the liquid storage pipe according to the values of the temperature and the pressure, and setting the volume of the liquid storage pipe; a4, designing the volume of the cracking tube according to the volume of the liquid storage tube, calculating the thickness of the tablet and determining the filling amount of carbon dioxide; a5, constructing a safety monitoring system.
Preferably, in the process of exciting the fracturing pipe, the blasting seismic source is monitored through the arranged safety monitoring system, the rock breaking is accurately positioned, the thickness and the volume of the rock breaking layer are ensured, the rock breaking error is reduced, and the safety is improved.
Preferably, an upper computer of the safety monitoring system obtains characteristic parameters of rock sounding signals through an acoustic emission detection device, and the sounding signals are obtained through a shock wave pressure sensor; the upper computer obtains the position of the rock sounding through the position of the shock wave pressure sensor, and the position determining method adopts a time difference positioning method.
Preferably, the method for extracting the characteristic parameters of the sound emission signal includes, S1, after the GSM module of the sound emission detection device sends out a sound signal command, the control unit reads the main frequency amplitude and energy data of the sound, and records the system time; s2, comparing the obtained data with a set threshold, if the obtained data is larger than the set threshold, recording the data as ringing start time, and adding 1 to the ringing count; s3, the energy count value is equal to the total value of the sum of the part of the main frequency amplitude which is larger than the set threshold value and the energy count; comparing the obtained energy count value with the stored maximum value, and if the energy count value is larger than the stored maximum value, replacing the energy count value, and recording the maximum value time as rising time; and S4, judging whether the acoustic emission is finished, judging whether the arrival time of the signal which does not exceed the set threshold value is greater than the maximum time, if so, judging that the event is finished, and storing and outputting the recorded ringing count, energy count, main frequency amplitude value, rising time and arrival time.
Preferably, a decision tree model is constructed according to the parameters of the obtained ringing count, the energy count and the main frequency amplitude, the information gain of each characteristic parameter is calculated, the parameter with the largest gain is selected as a division node, the purity of the node is increased, and the larger the information gain is, the signals contained in each subset after division belong to the same category to the greatest extent.
Preferably, in step c, in order to increase the drilling accuracy and improve the predictability of blasting, if the depth of the pre-blasting is H and the depth of the super-hole is H, the total depth L of the drilled hole satisfies L = H + H; the hole pitch a satisfies a = (0.3-0.5) L; the distance b of each row of drill holes satisfies b = (1.2-1.5) a; the plugging depth above the borehole h0, h0= L/2; the spectacular length H1 of the cleavage tube satisfies H1= H + H1= H0.
In addition, when carbon dioxide is filled in the fracturing pipe, stress and strain can be generated by the internal pressure applied to the wall of the liquid storage pipe, and the inner wall of the liquid storage pipe is subjected to the oxidationThe static pressure of carbon and the liquid storage pipe are in an equilibrium state, so that the inner wall of the cracking pipe is subjected to tangential stress sigma0Satisfy sigma0=（P1R12- P0R02）/( R02- R12)+((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Radial pressure sigma applied to inner wall of fracturing piper=（P1R12- P0R02）/( R02- R12)-((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Axial pressure sigma applied to inner wall of fracturing pipez=（P1R12- P0R02）/( R02- R12) (ii) a In the above formula, R0 is the outer diameter of the cracking tube and is in mm; r1 is the inner diameter of the cracking tube, unit mm; p0 is the outer wall pressure value of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; p1 is the pressure value of the inner wall of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; in order to further ensure safe blasting, the pressure in the liquid storage pipe must be far less than the ultimate strength of steel on the wall of the liquid storage pipe, and the rupture disc of the energy leakage head can be broken; the tangential stress is a first principal stress; the axial stress is a second main stress, and the radial stress is a third main stress; as can be seen from the maximum tensile stress intensity criterion, when the shear stress applied to the inner wall of the liquid storage tube is greater than the ultimate shear stress sigma of the liquid storage tube, the liquid storage tube is damaged, so that sigma must be satisfied0-σr<[σ]The liquid storage pipe can be guaranteed not to be damaged for normal use, so that the safety thickness of the liquid storage pipe can be calculated, and the safety is improved.
In addition, the safety monitoring system comprises a wireless transceiving converter, an upper computer and a plurality of acoustic emission detection devices, the acoustic emission detection system comprises a shock wave pressure sensor probe, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a GSM module and a wireless transceiving module, and the wireless transceiving module is a wireless Wifi module; the shock wave pressure sensor is connected with the GSM module through a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, the wireless transceiver module is connected with the GSM module, and the plurality of acoustic emission detection devices are in chain communication through the wireless transceiver module; the method has the advantages of safe and reliable detection, wide range, prevention of signal interference and signal loss, convenience for later data processing, increase of signal detection accuracy, reduction of blasting prediction error and improvement of blasting accuracy; in the host computerA clock timer is arranged, receives GPS signals, extracts positioning information and distributes standard time downwards through an NTP protocol; after the chain communication networking is finished, the acoustic emission detection device firstly carries out time service operation, reads the NTP protocol and obtains time; after the acoustic emission device obtains the characteristic parameter node information, sending the characteristic parameter node information to the next node, and finally transmitting the characteristic parameter node information to the upper computer for analysis; in the analysis sub-process, all sounding signals after feature extraction are regarded as a total sample S, feature parameter ringing count, energy count and dominant frequency amplitude are respectively attributes { x1, x2 and x3}, and due to continuity of feature parameter values, values need to be arranged from large to small for special parameter ringing count x1 calculation gain, and are marked as { x11,x12,…x1n}; will interval [ x1i，x1i+1](ii) mid-position (x 1)i+x1i+1) /2 as candidate division points t, dividing parameter values into subsets St based on the division points t-And St+(ii) a St is given because of the different number of subsets after division-Weight is | Stα|，St+Weight is | StβL, |; the information Gain formula is full Gain (S, λ) = ent (S) | Stα|/| Stβ|EntStα(ii) a EntSt in the above formulaαIs the subset St-And St+The entropy of the information of (1); ent (S) is the information entropy of the overall sample S; by calculating the information entropy gain of each node, selecting the information gain of a maximum characteristic parameter x1, analogizing according to the method, respectively calculating the information gain of energy count and dominant frequency amplitude, selecting the maximum value as node division, and recursively dividing the subsequent nodes, knowing that all subsets only contain the same type of data, removing other impurity data, increasing the accuracy of characteristic data extraction, reducing characteristic data errors, enhancing the accuracy of judging the generated data, and further improving the safety and stability in the blasting process.
The upper computer obtains and analyzes characteristic parameters of the generation detection device, acquires a generation position according to the installation position of the shock wave pressure sensor, and then carries out sound source positioning by a time difference positioning method, wherein the time difference positioning method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system, and carrying out positioning on the generation source coordinates (x, y,z) as an unknown quantity, determining the position coordinates (x 0, y0, z 0) of the shock wave sensors, and calculating the distance from the generating source to each sensor; the signal receiving time t1 of each sensor is obtained according to the data collected by the acoustic detection device, and the propagation velocity v of the acoustic wave in the blasting rock is obtained by the time t of the generation source emission signal ((x-x 0)2+(y-y0)2+(z-z0)2）1/2= v (t 1-t); calculating the accurate distance between the generating source and each sensor according to the formula; therefore, the blasting precision range is further reduced, the blasting distance error is reduced, and the blasting safety is improved.
A liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe accurate directional rock breaking method adopts a fracturing pipe which comprises a liquid storage pipe, an activator matched with the liquid storage pipe is arranged at one end of the liquid storage pipe in advance, the activator is a heating device, and the liquid storage pipe is connected with an energy charging head such as carbon dioxide; the other end of the liquid storage pipe is provided with a table gasket and a constant pressure sheet, and is connected with an energy release head to form a closed liquid storage device; liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the liquid storage pipe through the energy charging head, and blasting and cracking work can be carried out by assisting with blasting materials such as a conducting wire, a detonator and the like.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, the problems of low blasting controllability, poor blasting accuracy, poor blasting predictability, safety risks of non-intrinsic safety blasting and the like are solved by arranging the safety monitoring system and a reasonable operation process, and the safety and the stability of blasting are further improved.
(2) The invention relates to a method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, which adopts chain communication; the method has the advantages of safe and reliable detection, wide range, prevention of signal interference and signal loss, convenience for later-stage data processing, increase of signal detection accuracy, reduction of blasting prediction error and improvement of blasting accuracy.
(3) According to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, the signal data is subjected to feature extraction and analysis by a decision tree method, the accuracy of feature data extraction is increased, the acoustic emission signal data in the blasting process are accurately reflected, the error of feature data is reduced, the accuracy of occurrence data judgment is enhanced, the safety and the stability in the blasting process are further improved, and meanwhile, data support is provided for later blasting.
(4) According to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, the relation among the tangential stress, the radial stress and the ultimate stress of the liquid storage pipe is limited, so that the liquid storage pipe is ensured not to be damaged and normally used, the safe thickness of the liquid storage pipe is calculated, the use safety of the fracturing pipe is further improved, and the explosion accident is prevented.
(5) According to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, the accuracy of drilling is further improved and the prediction of blasting is improved by limiting the relation among the total depth of the drilling holes, the distance between the drilling holes and the distance of each row of drilling holes.
(6) According to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, a Cartesian coordinate system is established, and a sound source is positioned on a generating source, so that the accurate range of blasting is further reduced, the error of blasting distance is reduced, and the safety of blasting is improved.
(7) According to the method for accurately and directionally breaking the rock by the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe, the blasting seismic source is monitored by the arranged safety monitoring system, the rock breaking is accurately positioned, the thickness and the volume of the rock breaking layer are ensured, and the rock breaking error is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a fracturing tubing configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the safety monitoring device system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the safety monitoring system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the drilling arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drilling arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a tandem structure of the fracturing pipe of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of feature extraction in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a liquid storage pipe; 2. an energy charging head; 3. an energy discharge head; 4. an activator; 5. pressing into tablets; 6. a gasket; 7. and (6) drilling.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for precisely and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe; the method comprises the following steps:
a: preparing a 380V alternating current and sufficient liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, and corresponding cracking tubes, heating rods and gaskets 6;
b: designing and assembling the cracking tube, namely placing a liquid storage tube 1 of the cracking tube on a display rack, installing a fixed pressing sheet 5 and a gasket 6 on the liquid storage tube 1 for sealing, connecting the liquid storage tube with a lead of a heating device, then placing the cracking tube on a filling platform, and filling carbon dioxide into the liquid storage tube 1;
c: drilling, namely, constructing by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the drilling depth is 4-4.5m, the depth error of the bottom of the hole 7 is less than 5% of the depth of the hole 7, and the holes 7 are distributed in a quincunx shape;
d: filling a fracturing pipe, namely filling the fracturing pipe into a hole by adopting a hoisting mode after the hole 7 is drilled, and then filling coarse sand into the hole 7;
e: the fracturing pipe connection protection adopts the steel wire rope to connect all the fracturing pipes, ensures that the fracturing pipes are in an integral state, and the lifting hook at the end of each fracturing pipe is connected with the steel wire rope, so that the fracturing pipes are prevented from flying out when being exploded, the safety is improved, and meanwhile, the fracturing pipes are prevented from being buried and lost.
Further comprising the step f: exciting and recovering the fracturing pipes, connecting the leads thrown out from the tail end of each fracturing pipe in series one by one, and respectively connecting the two leads connected in series with the fracturing pipes on a 380V detonator for detonation; and collecting the fracturing pipe through a steel wire rope after blasting, and cleaning up residues inside the fracturing pipe after collection for next use.
In the step b, the design step of the fracturing pipe comprises A1, presetting the explosive force, and setting the maximum explosive force to be 500MPa according to the strength of the bedrock; a2, determining the realized temperature range according to the gas state equation pV = nRT; p is the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n represents the amount of gaseous species, and T represents the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas; r is an ideal gas constant.
The design of the cracking tube also comprises a step A3, the volume V1= V/n of the liquid storage tube 1 is obtained according to the numerical values of the temperature and the pressure, and the volume of the liquid storage tube 1 is set; a4, designing the volume of the cracking tube according to the volume of the liquid storage tube 1, calculating the thickness of the fixed tablet 5, and determining the filling amount of carbon dioxide; a5, constructing a safety monitoring system.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 2, on the basis of the first embodiment, a method for precisely and directionally breaking rock by using a liquid carbon dioxide cracking tube adopts a cracking tube, the cracking tube includes a liquid storage tube 1, an activator 4 is arranged at one end of the liquid storage tube 1 in advance and matched with the liquid storage tube, the activator 4 is a heating device, and the liquid storage tube 1 is connected with an energy charging head 2 such as carbon dioxide; the other end of the liquid storage tube 1 is provided with a table gasket 6 and a fixed pressing sheet 5, and is connected with an energy discharge head 3 to form a closed liquid storage device; liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the liquid storage pipe 1 through the charging head 2, and blasting and cracking work can be performed by assisting with blasting materials such as a lead and a detonator.
When carbon dioxide is filled in the fracturing pipe, stress and strain can be generated by the internal pressure applied to the wall of the liquid storage pipe 1, the static pressure of the carbon dioxide is applied to the inner wall of the liquid storage pipe 1, the liquid storage pipe 1 is in a balanced state, and then the tangential stress sigma applied to the inner wall of the fracturing pipe0Satisfy sigma0=（P1R12- P0R02）/( R02- R12)+((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Radial pressure sigma applied to inner wall of fracturing piper=（P1R12-P0R02）/( R02- R12)-((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Axial pressure sigma applied to inner wall of fracturing pipez=（P1R12- P0R02）/( R02- R12) (ii) a In the above formula, R0 is the outer diameter of the cracking tube and is in mm; r1 is the inner diameter of the cracking tube, unit mm; p0 is the outer wall pressure value of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; p1 is the pressure value of the inner wall of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; in order to further ensure safe blasting, the pressure in the liquid storage pipe 1 must be far less than the ultimate strength of the steel material on the wall of the liquid storage pipe 1, and the rupture disk of the energy discharge head 3 can be broken; the tangential stress is a first principal stress; the axial stress is a second main stress, and the radial stress is a third main stress; as can be seen from the maximum tensile stress intensity criterion, when the shear stress applied to the inner wall of the liquid storage tube 1 is greater than the ultimate shear stress sigma of the liquid storage tube 1, the liquid storage tube 1 will be damaged, so that the requirement of sigma must be satisfied0-σr<[σ]The liquid storage pipe 1 can be guaranteed not to be damaged for normal use, so that the safety thickness of the liquid storage pipe 1 can be calculated, and the safety is improved.
Example three:
on the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the process of exciting the fracturing pipe, the blasting seismic source is monitored through the arranged safety monitoring system, the rock breaking is accurately positioned, the thickness and the volume of the rock breaking layer are ensured, the rock breaking error is reduced, and the safety is improved.
An upper computer of the safety monitoring system obtains characteristic parameters of rock sounding signals through a sound emission detection device, and the sounding signals are obtained through a shock wave pressure sensor; the upper computer obtains the position of the rock sounding through the position of the shock wave pressure sensor, and the position determining method adopts a time difference positioning method.
The method for extracting the characteristic parameters of the sounding signal comprises the following steps that S1, after a sound signal instruction is sent out according to a GSM (global system for mobile communications) module of the sound emission detection device, a control unit reads the main frequency amplitude and the energy data of sound, and the system time is recorded; s2, comparing the obtained data with a set threshold, if the obtained data is larger than the set threshold, recording the data as ringing start time, and adding 1 to the ringing count; s3, the energy count value is equal to the total value of the sum of the part of the main frequency amplitude which is larger than the set threshold value and the energy count; comparing the obtained energy count value with the stored maximum value, and if the energy count value is larger than the stored maximum value, replacing the energy count value, and recording the maximum value time as rising time; and S4, judging whether the acoustic emission is finished, judging whether the arrival time of the signal which does not exceed the set threshold value is greater than the maximum time, if so, judging that the event is finished, and storing and outputting the recorded ringing count, energy count, main frequency amplitude value, rising time and arrival time.
And constructing a decision tree model according to the parameters of the obtained ringing count, the energy count and the main frequency amplitude, calculating the information gain of each characteristic parameter, selecting the parameter with the maximum gain as a division node, increasing the purity of the node, and enabling the signals contained in each divided subset to belong to the same category to the maximum extent if the information gain is larger.
Example four:
as shown in fig. 5 to 7, in the first embodiment, in step c, in order to increase the drilling accuracy and improve the predictability of the blasting, if the depth of the pre-blasting is H and the depth of the super-hole is H, the total depth L of the drilling hole 7 satisfies L = H + H; the hole pitch a satisfies a = (0.3-0.5) L; the distance b of each row of drill holes satisfies b = (1.2-1.5) a; the plugging depth above the borehole h0, h0= L/2; the spectacular length H1 of the cleavage tube satisfies H1= H + H1= H0.
Example five:
as shown in fig. 3 and 8, on the basis of the first embodiment, the safety monitoring system includes a wireless transceiver converter, an upper computer, and a plurality of acoustic emission detection devices, the acoustic emission detection system includes a shock wave pressure sensor probe, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a GSM module, and a wireless transceiver module, and the wireless transceiver module is a wireless Wifi module; the shock wave pressure sensor is connected with the GSM module through a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, the wireless transceiver module is connected with the GSM module, and the plurality of acoustic emission detection devices are in chain communication through the wireless transceiver module; the method has the advantages of safe and reliable detection, wide range, prevention of signal interference and signal loss, convenience for later data processing, increase of signal detection accuracy, reduction of blasting prediction error and improvement of blasting accuracy; a clock timer is arranged in the upper computer, receives GPS signals, extracts positioning information and distributes standard time downwards through an NTP protocol; after the chain communication networking is finished, the acoustic emission detection device firstly carries out time service operation, reads the NTP protocol and obtains time; after the acoustic emission device obtains the characteristic parameter node information, sending the characteristic parameter node information to the next node, and finally transmitting the characteristic parameter node information to the upper computer for analysis; in the analysis sub-process, all sounding signals after feature extraction are regarded as a total sample S, feature parameter ringing count, energy count and dominant frequency amplitude are respectively attributes { x1, x2 and x3}, and due to continuity of feature parameter values, values need to be arranged from large to small for special parameter ringing count x1 calculation gain, and are marked as { x11,x12,…x1n}; will interval [ x1i，x1i+1](ii) mid-position (x 1)i+x1i +1) /2 as candidate division points t, dividing parameter values into subsets St based on the division points t-And St+(ii) a St is given because of the different number of subsets after division-Weight is | Stα|，St+Weight is | StβL, |; the information Gain formula satisfies Gain (S, λ) = ent (S) | Stα|/| Stβ|EntStα(ii) a Ent St in the above formulaαIs the subset St-And St+The entropy of the information of (1); ent (S) is the information entropy of the overall sample S; by calculating the information entropy gain of each node, selecting the information gain of a maximum characteristic parameter x1, analogizing according to the method, respectively calculating the information gain of energy count and dominant frequency amplitude, selecting the maximum value as node division, and recursively dividing the subsequent nodes, knowing that all subsets only contain the same type of data, removing other impurity data, increasing the accuracy of characteristic data extraction, reducing characteristic data errors, enhancing the accuracy of judging the generated data, and further improving the safety and stability in the blasting process.
The method comprises the steps that after characteristic parameters of a generation detection device are obtained and analyzed by an upper computer, a generation position is obtained according to the installation position of a shock wave pressure sensor, then sound source positioning is carried out through a time difference positioning method, wherein the time difference positioning method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system, determining the position coordinates (x 0, y0 and z 0) of the shock wave sensor by setting the coordinates (x, y and z) of a generation source as unknown quantities, and calculating the distance from the generation source to each sensor; the signal receiving time t1 of each sensor is obtained according to the data collected by the acoustic detection device, and the propagation velocity v of the acoustic wave in the blasting rock is obtained by the time t of the generation source emission signal ((x-x 0)2+(y-y0)2+(z-z0)2）1/2= v (t 1-t); calculating the accurate distance between the generating source and each sensor according to the formula; therefore, the blasting precision range is further reduced, the blasting distance error is reduced, and the blasting safety is improved.
The device obtained by the technical scheme is a one-time liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe directional rock breaking method, and by arranging a safety monitoring system and a reasonable operation flow, the problems of low blasting controllability, poor blasting accuracy, poor blasting predictability, safety risks of non-intrinsic safety blasting and the like are solved, and the safety and the stability of blasting are further improved; adopting chain communication; the method has the advantages of safe and reliable detection, wide range, prevention of signal interference and signal loss, convenience for later data processing, increase of signal detection accuracy, reduction of blasting prediction error and improvement of blasting accuracy; the signal data is subjected to feature extraction and analysis by a decision tree method, the accuracy of feature data extraction is increased, the acoustic emission signal data in the blasting process is accurately reflected, the error of the feature data is reduced, the accuracy of data judgment is enhanced, the safety and the stability in the blasting process are further improved, and meanwhile, data support is provided for the later blasting; by limiting the relation among the tangential stress, the radial stress and the ultimate stress of the liquid storage pipe 1, the liquid storage pipe 1 is ensured not to be damaged for normal use, the safe thickness of the liquid storage pipe 1 is calculated, the use safety of the fracturing pipe is further improved, and the explosion accident is prevented; the drilling accuracy is further increased and the blasting predictability is improved by limiting the relation among the total depth of the drilled holes, the drilling distance and the distance of each row of drilled holes; a Cartesian coordinate system is established to carry out sound source positioning on a generating source, so that the accurate range of blasting is further reduced, the error of blasting distance is reduced, and the safety of blasting is improved; the blasting seismic source is monitored through the arranged safety monitoring system, the rock breaking is accurately positioned, the thickness and the volume of the rock breaking layer are ensured, and the rock breaking error is reduced.
Other technical solutions not described in detail in the present invention are prior art in the field, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention; any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by a liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a: preparing a 380V alternating current, a sufficient liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, a corresponding cracking tube, a heating rod and a gasket;
b: designing and assembling the cracking tube, namely placing the liquid storage tube of the cracking tube on a display rack, installing a fixed pressing sheet and a gasket on the liquid storage tube for sealing, connecting the liquid storage tube with a lead of a heating device, then placing the cracking tube on a filling platform, and filling carbon dioxide into the liquid storage tube;
c: drilling, namely constructing by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the drilling depth is 4-4.5m, the depth error of the bottom of the hole is less than 5% of the depth of the hole, and the holes are distributed in a quincunx shape;
d: filling a fracturing pipe, namely filling the fracturing pipe into a hole in a hoisting mode after drilling the hole, and then filling coarse sand into the hole;
e: the fracturing pipes are connected and protected, all the fracturing pipes are connected by adopting a steel wire rope, the fracturing pipes are ensured to be in an integral state, a lifting hook at the end of each fracturing pipe is connected with the steel wire rope, the fracturing pipes are prevented from flying out when the fracturing pipes are exploded, the safety is improved, and meanwhile the fracturing pipes are prevented from being buried and lost;
in the step b, the design step of the fracturing pipe comprises A1, presetting the explosive force, and setting the maximum explosive force to be 500MPa according to the strength of the bedrock; a2, determining the realized temperature range according to the gas state equation pV = nRT; p is the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n represents the amount of gaseous species, and T represents the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas; r is an ideal gas constant; a3, obtaining the volume of liquid storage tube V1= V/n according to the values of temperature and pressure, wherein V is the volume of ideal gas, n represents the amount of gas substance, and the volume of liquid storage tube is set; a4, designing the volume of the cracking tube according to the volume of the liquid storage tube, calculating the thickness of the tablet and determining the filling amount of carbon dioxide; a5, constructing a safety monitoring system;
in step c, in order to increase the accuracy of drilling and improve the predictability of blasting, if the depth of pre-blasting is H and the depth of the super-hole is H, the total depth L of the drilling satisfies L = H + H; the hole pitch a satisfies a = (0.3-0.5) L; the distance b of each row of drill holes satisfies b = (1.2-1.5) a; the plugging depth above the borehole h0, h0= L/2; the loading length H1 of the cracking tube satisfies H1= H + H;
when carbon dioxide is filled in the fracturing pipe, stress and strain can be generated by the internal pressure applied to the wall of the liquid storage pipe, the inner wall of the liquid storage pipe is subjected to the static pressure of the carbon dioxide, the liquid storage pipe is in a balanced state, and the tangential stress sigma 0 applied to the inner wall of the fracturing pipe meets the condition that sigma 0= (P1R 1)2-P0R02）/( R02-R12)+((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Radial pressure sigma R = (P1R 1) applied to inner wall of fracturing pipe2-P0R02）/( R02-R12)-((P1-P0)R12R02)/((R02-R12)r2) (ii) a Axial pressure sigma z = (P1R 1) applied to inner wall of fracturing pipe2-P0R02）/( R02-R12) (ii) a In the above formula, R0 is the outer diameter of the cracking tube and is in mm; r1 is the inner diameter of the cracking tube, unit mm; p0 is the outer wall pressure value of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; p1 is the pressure value of the inner wall of the cracking tube, and the unit is Newton; in order to further ensure safe blasting, the pressure in the liquid storage pipe must be far less than the ultimate strength of steel on the wall of the liquid storage pipe, and the rupture disc of the energy leakage head can be broken; the tangential stress is a first principal stress; the axial stress is a second main stress, and the radial stress is a third main stress; according to the maximum tensile stress intensity criterion, when the shear stress applied to the inner wall of the liquid storage tube is greater than the ultimate shear stress sigma of the liquid storage tube, the liquid storage tube can be damaged, and the requirements of sigma 0-sigma r are met<[σ]The liquid storage pipe can be guaranteed not to be damaged for normal use, so that the safety thickness of the liquid storage pipe can be calculated, and the safety is improved.
2. The method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step f: exciting and recovering the fracturing pipes, connecting the leads thrown out from the tail end of each fracturing pipe in series one by one, and respectively connecting the two leads connected in series with the fracturing pipes on a 380V detonator for detonation; and collecting the fracturing pipe through a steel wire rope after blasting, and cleaning up residues inside the fracturing pipe after collection for next use.
3. The method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein during the process of excitation of the fracturing pipe, the blasting seismic source is monitored by the arranged safety monitoring system, the rock breaking is accurately positioned, the thickness and the volume of the rock breaking layer are ensured, the rock breaking error is reduced, and the safety is improved.
4. The method for accurately and directionally breaking rock by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe as claimed in claim 3, wherein an upper computer of the safety monitoring system obtains characteristic parameters of rock sounding signals through an acoustic emission detection device, and the sounding signals are obtained through a shock wave pressure sensor; the upper computer obtains the position of the rock sounding through the position of the shock wave pressure sensor, and the position determining method adopts a time difference positioning method.
5. The method for accurately and directionally breaking rocks by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for extracting the characteristic parameters of the sounding signal comprises the steps of S1, after a GSM module of the acoustic emission detection device sends out an acoustic signal instruction, reading the main frequency amplitude and energy data of sound by a control unit, and recording the system time; s2, comparing the obtained data with a set threshold, if the obtained data is larger than the set threshold, recording the data as ringing start time, and adding 1 to the ringing count; s3, the energy count value is equal to the total value of the sum of the part of the main frequency amplitude which is larger than the set threshold value and the energy count; comparing the obtained energy count value with the stored maximum value, and if the energy count value is larger than the stored maximum value, replacing the energy count value, and recording the maximum value time as rising time; and S4, judging whether the acoustic emission is finished, judging whether the arrival time of the signal which does not exceed the set threshold value is greater than the maximum time, if so, judging that the event is finished, and storing and outputting the recorded ringing count, energy count, main frequency amplitude value, rising time and arrival time.
6. The method for accurately and directionally breaking rocks by using the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing pipe as claimed in claim 5, wherein a decision tree model is constructed according to parameters of the obtained ringing count, the energy count and the main frequency amplitude, the information gain of each characteristic parameter is calculated, the parameter with the largest gain is selected as a division node, the purity of the node is increased, and the larger the information gain is, the signals contained in each divided subset belong to the same category to the greatest extent.
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