CN113180152A - Anti-heat stress feed additive, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Anti-heat stress feed additive, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113180152A CN113180152A CN202110593756.1A CN202110593756A CN113180152A CN 113180152 A CN113180152 A CN 113180152A CN 202110593756 A CN202110593756 A CN 202110593756A CN 113180152 A CN113180152 A CN 113180152A
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- feed additive
- enzyme activity
- heat stress
- xylanase
- cellulase
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry raising, and particularly provides a heat stress resistant feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry raising, and particularly provides a heat stress resistant feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The antibiotics are added into the daily ration of the livestock and poultry, so that the immunity of the livestock and poultry can be improved, but the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria can be caused by long-term and excessive use, so that the drug-resistant bacteria of the antibiotic tea can be generated, and the food safety is seriously harmed. The search for new green, pollution-free, safe and efficient feed additives becomes a hotspot in the current feed industry.
Poultry are heat stress sensitive animals, and heat stress has become one of the important factors restricting the development of the current poultry industry. The broiler chicken is covered with feathers and has no sweat glands, the heat dissipation capability is poor, the optimum feeding temperature is 18-25 ℃, when the environmental temperature rises to more than 30 ℃, heat stress can occur, the metabolic disorder of an organism is caused, the production of the broiler chicken is seriously influenced, and the broiler chicken feed is characterized in that: the feed intake and weight gain are obviously reduced, the material-weight ratio is improved, the growth is slow, and the death rate is high; the meat quality is reduced; thirdly, the oxidation resistance of the organism is changed, oxidative stress is induced, and the organism is damaged; fourthly, the energy metabolism of the broiler chicken is influenced, the energy loss is increased, and the like.
Ferulic acid plays an important role in plant cell wall structure, and can form connection between lignin, lignin and hemicellulose and form a skeleton structure, so that the whole cell wall becomes hard. The monomer of ferulic acid and various dimers in the cell wall of grains are mainly connected to arabinose residues of arabinoxylan in the form of ester bonds, which causes great obstruction to the utilization of plant feed raw materials for livestock and poultry.
Therefore, the invention provides the anti-heat stress feed additive, which can obviously improve the anti-heat stress capability and the production performance of livestock and poultry and exert better effect than that of adding antibiotics.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a feeding additive capable of improving the heat stress resistance and the production performance of livestock and poultryThe composition comprises the following components: 4-7% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-8% of L-arginine, 9-9.5% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7-8% of taurine, 15-25% of ferulic acid esterase, 30-35% of xylanase, 10-15% of cellulase and 1-19% of excipient; wherein the enzyme activity of the ferulic acid esterase is (1.0-1.7) multiplied by 105U/kg, the enzyme activity of xylanase is (5.4-7.5) multiplied by 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is (4.0-7.0) multiplied by 105U/kg。
Further, the excipient comprises any one of calcium stearate, stone powder, zeolite powder and starch and a composition thereof.
Further, the above feruloyl esterase is expressed by any one of Schizophyllum commune and Aspergillus niger or extracted from germinated grain of malt.
Further, the xylanase is obtained by fermenting trichoderma.
Further, the gamma-aminobutyric acid is a product obtained by fermenting lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and sodium glutamate.
Further, the components of the additive are as follows: 7% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6% of L-arginine, 9% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7% of taurine, 25% of feruloyl esterase, 30% of xylanase, 10% of cellulase and 6% of starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105U/kg, enzyme activity of xylanase 5.5 × 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
Further, the components of the additive are as follows: 5.5% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 7% of L-arginine, 9.5% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7% of taurine, 20% of feruloyl esterase, 35% of xylanase, 10% of cellulase and 6% of starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105U/kg, enzyme activity of xylanase 5.5 × 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
Further, the components of the additive are as follows: 4% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 8% of L-arginine, 9% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 8% of taurine, 15% of feruloyl esterase, 35% of xylanase, 15% of cellulase and 6% of starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105Of U/kg, xylanaseThe enzyme activity is 5.5 multiplied by 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the heat stress resistant feed additive, which comprises the following steps: the feed additive is prepared by uniformly mixing the feed additive and sieving the mixture through a 30-60-mesh sieve.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the heat stress resistant feed additive, namely, the feed additive is added into the livestock and poultry feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the ferulic acid esterase used by the heat stress resistant feed additive provided by the invention can hydrolyze ester bonds formed by phenolic acid such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, dimeric ferulic acid and the like in plant cell walls and hemicellulose and lignin, greatly improves the degradation rate of xylanase and cellulase on xylan and cellulose, thereby increasing the utilization rate of sugar in raw materials, increasing a carbon source, being beneficial to the sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein metabolism of livestock and poultry, and finally improving the production performance of the livestock and poultry.
(2) The feed additive for resisting heat stress provided by the invention is prepared by compounding gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-arginine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, ferulic acid esterase, xylanase and cellulase, has the effects of tranquilizing nerves and resisting anxiety, has a protection effect on acute heat stress intestinal mucosa immunity, can relieve intestinal mucosal inflammation reaction, and can improve the metabolic energy of livestock and poultry feed and promote protein deposition. The feed additive provided by the invention is used as a livestock and poultry feed additive, so that the raw materials can be effectively saved, and the production performance and the heat stress resistance of animals are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The invention provides an anti-heat stress feed additive, which comprises the following components: 4-7% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-8% of L-arginine, 9-9.5% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7-8% of taurine, 15-25% of ferulic acid esterase, 30-35% of xylanase, 10-15% of cellulase and 1-19% of excipient; wherein the enzyme activity of the ferulic acid esterase is (1.0-1.7) multiplied by 105U/kg, the enzyme activity of xylanase is (5.4-7.5) multiplied by 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is (4.0-7.0) multiplied by 105U/kg。
Wherein the excipient comprises any one of calcium stearate, stone powder, zeolite powder and starch and a composition thereof.
The feruloyl esterase includes feruloyl esterase expressed by any one of bacteria and fungi or feruloyl esterase extracted from germinated grain of fructus Hordei Germinatus, preferably expressed by any one of Schizophyllum commune and Aspergillus niger; the enzyme activity unit (U) of the ferulic acid esterase is defined as the enzyme quantity required for degrading 1 mu mol of p-nitrophenol ferulic acid ester per minute at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the pH value of 5.50, and is one enzyme activity unit U. The ferulic acid esterase can hydrolyze ester bonds formed by phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, dimeric ferulic acid and the like, hemicellulose and lignin in plant cell walls, break a net structure formed by the phenolic acids, the hemicellulose and the lignin, enable the cellulase to be in full contact with the cellulose, greatly improve the degradation rate of the cellulose and further improve the utilization rate of nutrient components in grain feeds.
The xylanase comprises xylanase expressed by any one of bacteria, fungi and yeast, preferably trichoderma; the xylanase activity unit (U) is defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol reducing sugars from a xylan solution at a concentration of 5mg/mL per minute at 37 ℃ and a pH of 5.50, as one enzyme activity unit U. The enzyme activity unit (U) of the cellulase is defined as the enzyme quantity required for degrading and releasing 1 mu mol of reducing sugar from sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution with the concentration of 4mg/mL per minute at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the pH value of 5.50, and is one enzyme activity unit U.
Xylan and cellulose are important components forming plant cell walls, complete degradation of xylan needs participation of a plurality of hydrolytic enzymes to be completed together, and it is extremely difficult for monogastric livestock and poultry to absorb and utilize nutrient substances in the plant cell walls. The xylanase and the cellulase can degrade xylan and cellulose on plant cell walls into substances such as xylobiose, xylotriose, glucose, oligosaccharide and the like, thereby increasing the utilization rate of sugar in raw materials, being beneficial to the sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein metabolism of livestock and poultry, and finally improving the production performance of the livestock and poultry.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a product obtained by fermenting lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and sodium glutamate, is one of the most important neurotransmitters in brain tissues, and can reduce the activity of neurons and prevent nerve cells from being overheated. Gamma-aminobutyric acid binds to and activates anxiolytic brain receptors, and then synergistically acts with other substances to prevent anxiety-related information from reaching brain indication center, and has nerve calming and anxiolytic effects.
The L-arginine is prepared by using gelatin or pig hair, pig blood powder and the like as raw materials, extracting arginine hydrochloride from hydrolysate after hydrolysis, and removing hydrochloric acid, is a prerequisite substance for nitric oxide synthesis, and has a protection effect on intestinal mucosa immunity of acute heat stress broiler chickens. L-arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid, and under normal conditions, the requirement of animals for L-arginine can be met by endogenous synthesis, but under stress conditions, endogenous L-arginine cannot meet the requirement of organisms and needs to be obtained in vitro.
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is a product obtained by induction culture fermentation of Escherichia coli with lactose, and is a precursor of glutamine, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in animal blood, has the functions of maintaining acid-base balance in vivo, keeping normal structure and function of small intestinal mucosa, maintaining the storage of antioxidants in tissues, enhancing immune response and the like, is also an important energy substance for intestinal cells and immune cells, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid is the optimal substitute of glutamine, can improve the metabolic energy of livestock and poultry feed and promote protein deposition.
Taurine is a product extracted from mammalian organs, marine fishes, shellfishes, marine plants, for example, from mammalian heart, brain, liver, marine products such as cuttlefish, octopus, shrimp, oyster, conch, clam, laver, etc. Taurine has outstanding antioxidation effect, and can inhibit the generation of peroxide and improve the anti-stress capability of animals by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzyme in the animals. The taurine has reducibility to reduce ferric ions into ferrous ions, has good detoxifying effect on metal poisoning such as lead and manganese, and can improve activity of enzymes such as SOD and NOS in serum and reduce content of oxygen free radicals and MDA. The taurine can directly act on animal cells, maintain the steady state of calcium ions in the cells, improve the expression of heat shock proteins in the cells, reduce the expression of proinflammatory factors and relieve the intestinal mucositis reaction by inhibiting Toll-like receptor signal pathways.
The invention provides a preparation method of an anti-heat stress feed additive, which comprises the following steps: the feed additive is uniformly mixed and sieved by a 30-60 mesh sieve to obtain the feed additive.
The invention also provides application of the heat stress resistant feed additive, namely adding the feed additive into livestock and poultry feed, preferably adding the feed additive according to the proportion of adding 500g of the feed additive into each ton of livestock and poultry feed.
The effect of the anti-heat stress feed additive of the present invention is examined below by way of specific examples.
The reagents or apparatus used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available conventional products.
Example 1:
respectively weighing 70g of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 60g of L-arginine, 90g of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 70g of taurine and 1 multiplied by 10 of feruloyl esterase5U/kg)250g, xylanase (5.5X 10)6U/kg)300g, cellulase (6X 10)5U/kg)100g and starch 60g, mixing uniformly, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 1kg of feed additive, and adding at 300g/tThe additive is added into the corn and soybean meal daily ration of the meat duck.
Selecting 105 healthy meat ducks of 1 day age with similar weight, randomly dividing the meat ducks into 7 repetitions according to the principle that the weight is similar and the male half and the female half are similar, feeding 16 daily rations with the same amount every day, wherein the test period is 42 days, and keeping the temperature in the duck shed within 31-33 ℃ during the test period. The meat duck production performance data are shown in table 1.
Example 2:
respectively weighing 40g of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 80g of L-arginine, 90g of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 80g of taurine and 1 multiplied by 10 of feruloyl esterase5U/kg)150g, xylanase (5.5X 10)6U/kg)350g, cellulase (6X 10)5U/kg)150g and starch 60g, mixing uniformly, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 1kg of feeding additive, and adding the feeding additive into corn bean pulp daily ration of weaned pigs according to the addition of 300 g/t.
Selecting 7 healthy 21-day-old weaned piglets with similar weight, randomly dividing into 7 repetitions according to the weight similarity principle, feeding 1 piglet with the same amount of daily ration every day, wherein the test period is 21 days, and the temperature in the pigsty is kept at 31-33 ℃ during the test period. Weaned piglet production performance data are shown in table 1.
Example 3:
respectively weighing 55g of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 70g of L-arginine, 95g of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 70g of taurine and 1 x 10 of feruloyl esterase5U/kg)200g, xylanase (5.5X 10)6U/kg)350g, cellulase (6X 10)5U/kg) and 60g of starch, uniformly mixing, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 1kg of feeding additive, and adding the feeding additive into corn bean pulp daily ration of the broiler chicken by 300 g/t.
Selecting 112 healthy 1-day-old Avermectins broiler chickens with similar body weight, randomly dividing the broiler chickens into 7 repeated groups according to the principle that the body weight is similar and the half of each group is common, feeding 16 broiler chickens with the same amount of the daily ration every day, wherein the test period is 42 days, and keeping the temperature in the henhouse at 31-33 ℃ during the test period. The production performance data of the avine broiler chickens are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1:
the same grouping and feeding method of meat ducks as in example 1 was selected, except that the meat ducks were fed with corn soybean meal ration without any additives, and the production performance data of the meat ducks are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the same grouping and feeding method of weaned piglets as in example 2 was selected, except that the corn soybean meal ration without any additives was fed, and the production performance data of the weaned piglets are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3:
the same avium broiler grouping and feeding method as in example 3 was selected, except that corn soybean meal ration without any additive was fed, and avium broiler productivity data are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4:
the method for grouping and feeding the avium dorkings is the same as that in example 3, except that corn bean pulp daily ration added with oxytetracycline is fed, the addition amount of the oxytetracycline is 300g/t, and the production performance data of the avium dorkings are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5:
the same method for grouping and feeding the Everomyces broiler chickens as in example 3 is selected, the difference is that the used additives do not contain L-arginine, the mixture ratio of the other components is the same as that in example 3, and the production performance data of the Everomyces broiler chickens are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 6:
the same method for grouping and feeding the Everomyces broiler chickens as in example 3 is selected, the difference is that the used additives do not contain gamma-aminobutyric acid and taurine, the mixture ratio of the other components is the same as that in example 3, and the production performance data of the Everomyces broiler chickens are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 7:
the same avium broiler grouping and feeding method as in example 3 was selected, except that the used additives did not include gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-arginine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid and taurine, the other component ratios were the same as in example 3, and the avium broiler production performance data are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 8:
the same method for grouping and feeding the Everomyces broiler chickens as in example 3 is selected, the difference is that the used additives do not comprise ferulic acid esterase, xylanase and cellulase, the mixture ratio of the other components is the same as that in example 3, and the production performance data of the Everomyces broiler chickens are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 livestock and poultry Performance data
As shown in Table 1, after the feed additive provided by the invention is used for feeding meat ducks, weaned piglets and broilers, the daily feed intake is respectively increased by 11.67%, 8.20% and 2.45% compared with that of the feed additive which is not added, the daily gain is respectively increased by 22.76%, 14.75% and 38.40%, and the feed-meat ratio is respectively reduced by 9.56%, 9.02% and 22.91, so that the heat stress resistance and the production performance of the livestock and poultry are remarkably improved. In addition, it can be seen from the results of example 3 and comparative example 4 that, after the feed additive of the present invention is used, the daily feed intake and daily gain of the broiler chickens are higher than those of the group using antibiotics, and the feed meat ratio is lower than that of the group using antibiotics, i.e., the feed additive provided by the present invention can exert better effect than that of the group using antibiotics. Compared with comparative examples 5, 6, 7 and 8, the feed intake and the daily weight gain are both improved, the feed conversion is reduced by 4.37%, 6.42%, 9.33% and 7.89%, and the results show that in the feed additive, acids such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-arginine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid and taurine, ferulic acid esterase, xylanase and cellulase have synergistic effect, and the heat stress resistance and production performance of livestock and poultry can be improved by compounding the gamma-aminobutyric acid, the L-arginine, the alpha-ketoglutaric acid, the taurine, the ferulic acid esterase, the xylanase and the cellulase.
In conclusion, the heat stress resistant feed additive provided by the invention has the effects of tranquilizing nerves and resisting anxiety, has a protection effect on acute heat stress intestinal mucosa immunity, can relieve intestinal mucositis reaction, can improve the utilization rate of sugar in livestock and poultry feed, increases a carbon source, is beneficial to the sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein metabolism of livestock and poultry, and finally improves the production performance of livestock and poultry.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The feed additive for resisting heat stress is characterized by comprising the following components: 4-7% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-8% of L-arginine, 9-9.5% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7-8% of taurine, 15-25% of ferulic acid esterase, 30-35% of xylanase, 10-15% of cellulase and 1-19% of excipient; wherein the enzyme activity of the ferulic acid esterase is (1.0-1.7) multiplied by 105U/kg, the enzyme activity of xylanase is (5.4-7.5) multiplied by 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is (4.0-7.0) multiplied by 105U/kg。
2. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein: the excipient comprises any one of calcium stearate, stone powder, zeolite powder and starch and a composition thereof.
3. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein: the ferulic acid esterase is expressed by any one of Schizophyllum commune and Aspergillus niger or extracted from germinated grains of malt.
4. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein: the xylanase is obtained by fermenting trichoderma.
5. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein: the gamma-aminobutyric acid is a product obtained by fermenting lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and sodium glutamate.
6. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises the following components: 7% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6% of L-arginine, 9% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7% of taurine, 25% of feruloyl esterase and 30% of xylanCarbohydrase, 10% cellulase and 6% starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105U/kg, enzyme activity of xylanase 5.5 × 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
7. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises the following components: 5.5% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 7% of L-arginine, 9.5% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 7% of taurine, 20% of feruloyl esterase, 35% of xylanase, 10% of cellulase and 6% of starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105U/kg, enzyme activity of xylanase 5.5 × 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
8. The anti-heat stress feed additive of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises the following components: 4% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 8% of L-arginine, 9% of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 8% of taurine, 15% of feruloyl esterase, 35% of xylanase, 15% of cellulase and 6% of starch; wherein the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1.0 × 105U/kg, enzyme activity of xylanase 5.5 × 106U/kg, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 6 multiplied by 105U/kg。
9. The preparation method of the heat stress resistant feed additive is characterized by comprising the following steps: the feed additive as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8 is mixed evenly and sieved through a 30-60 mesh sieve to obtain the feed additive.
10. The application of the feed additive resisting heat stress is characterized in that: the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is added to the feed of livestock and poultry.
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