CN113178844B - Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system - Google Patents
Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113178844B CN113178844B CN202110416850.XA CN202110416850A CN113178844B CN 113178844 B CN113178844 B CN 113178844B CN 202110416850 A CN202110416850 A CN 202110416850A CN 113178844 B CN113178844 B CN 113178844B
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- superconducting
- superconducting magnet
- magnet system
- protection
- protection circuit
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for superconducting apparatus, e.g. coils, lines, machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system, which belongs to the technical field of superconducting magnets, and comprises the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit, wherein the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit; the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system is out of time and comprises a cut-off protection part and an energy drainage part; the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and is out of time; the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and used for discharging magnet energy generated by superconduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting magnets, in particular to a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system.
Background
Due to the characteristics of high current density, high magnetic field strength and the like, superconducting magnets are increasingly applied to various industries, and relate to the fields of medical Magnetic Resonance (MRI) superconducting magnets, superconducting iron removers, superconducting NMR and the like.
The superconducting magnet has almost zero resistance in a superconducting state and can bear current density of hundreds of amperes/mm < 2 >, so that the energy of the superconducting magnet can reach several megajoules. In the case of external unstable disturbance (possibly mechanical disturbance or heat source), the superconducting magnet may be converted from a superconducting state to a normal state, which is called Quench (Quench), and at this time, the energy of the superconducting magnet is discharged to a normal region, so that a local temperature rise in a certain place is too high, and the superconducting coil may be burned out, thereby further damaging the superconducting magnet. Therefore, the superconducting magnet needs a protection circuit to secure the safety of the superconducting coil.
The traditional protection circuit adopts a quench heater to drive the superconducting coil to quench, namely the heater is placed on the superconducting coil, once quench time occurs, the quench voltage drives the heater to heat the superconducting coil, so that the whole coil is quenched, the overhigh temperature of local hot spots is avoided, and the aim of rapidly discharging energy is achieved. In the scheme, as shown in fig. 1, C1-C5 are superconducting coils, R1-R5 are quench heaters, D1, D2 are diode stacks in the forward and reverse directions, S1 is a superconducting switch, and L1 is a current lead. When the quench time occurs, the diode stack D2 is conducted under the drive of the quench voltage, so that the super heaters R1-R5 start to heat the superconducting coils C1-C5, quench of the superconducting coils is accelerated, and the purpose of protecting the quench coils is achieved.
In another protection loop, a forward and reverse diode stack and a heater are connected in parallel to each superconducting coil, or a current limiter is added to limit the current of the heater.
In some prior art, quench heater driving is changed to an inductor that forms a coupling circuit with the superconducting coil, and when a quench occurs, the inductor is able to generate an induced voltage to drive the heater into operation. Thus, the heater is prevented from being burnt out due to excessive current, and the quench loop can be driven at a lower voltage, so that the heater can be enabled to work at the initial stage of quench.
There are other patents for quench protection circuits that protect superconducting coils from damage during a quench, but these are based on protecting the superconducting coils, as described above, with the superconducting magnet itself having several megajoules of energy released by converting electromagnetic energy into joule heat, further consuming the cooling fluid of the superconducting magnet, such as liquid helium. Because liquid helium is a non-renewable resource, and is generally extracted from petroleum or natural gas, the cost is relatively high, and one quench can cause up to 1000L of liquid helium to be lost, thereby causing huge cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system, which solves the above-mentioned problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system comprises the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit,
the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit;
the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system is out of time and comprises a cut-off protection part and an energy drainage part;
the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and is out of time;
and the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for discharging the magnet energy generated by the superconduction.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the cut-off protection part comprises a current breaker, and the energy drainage part comprises a protection heater, a positive and negative diode stack III, a positive and negative diode stack I, a positive and negative diode stack and an energy release resistor.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: one end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer, the other end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the third positive and negative diode stack, the superconducting switch, the current lead and the superconducting magnet, the other end of the third positive and negative diode stack is connected with the protection heater, the other end of the protection heater is connected with the current breaker, the other end of the current breaker is connected with the other end of the superconducting switch, the other end of the superconducting magnet, the current lead and the second positive and negative diode stack, and the other end of the second positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the superconducting magnet system includes two superconducting magnets for achieving a superconducting state and disposed opposite to each other, and an imaging region between the two superconducting magnets.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting coil, an inner container and a heat shielding layer,
a heat shielding layer for shielding radiation heat leakage of the magnet and positioned in the outer container,
an inner container for absorbing the radiant heat of the magnet and positioned inside the heat shielding layer,
and the superconducting coil is used for rapidly rising the terminal voltage when the failure timeout occurs, avoiding damage to the superconducting magnet caused by overhigh local hot spot temperature and being positioned in the inner container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the inner container is a 4K container, and cooling liquid is contained in the inner container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the outer container is a 300K container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the superconducting coil consists of a main magnetic field coil, a shielding field coil and a shielding field wire slot.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the thermal shield is connected to a primary thermal connection of a coldhead assembly for balancing the temperature of the thermal shield.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the heat shielding layer is made of aluminum or copper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a part of the superconducting magnet is fully utilized as the energy release resistor, so that the superconducting magnet can be protected to the superconducting coil when quench occurs, and the energy of the superconducting coil can be released to the energy release resistor, thereby reducing the liquid helium loss in the quench process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a superconducting magnet.
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of a protection circuit.
In the figure: 1-main magnetic field coil, 2-shield field coil, 6-shield field slot, 8-coldhead assembly, 20-imaging region, 21-magnet centerline, 31-superconducting coil, 32-4K container, 33-heat shield, 34-current lead, 35-interrupter, 36-forward and reverse diode stack, 37-300K container, 38-guard heater, 39-forward and reverse diode, 40-forward and reverse diode stack, superconducting switch 41.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2-3, example 1: a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system comprises the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit,
wherein, the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit;
the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system is out of time and comprises a cut-off protection part and an energy drainage part;
the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and is out of time;
the cut-off protection part adopted by the design is a current breaker, and a fuse, a circuit breaker, an electronic switch and the like can be adopted to realize the same functions.
And the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for discharging the magnet energy generated by the superconduction. Thereby effectively protecting the superconducting magnet from being damaged by the superconducting heat.
The energy drainage part adopted by the design is a positive and negative diode stack, and can also adopt super capacitors, energy storage battery packs and the like to realize the functions.
In embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the superconducting coil protection part comprises a current interrupter 35, a protection heater 38 and a third forward and reverse diode stack 39, the energy release part comprises a first forward and reverse diode stack 36, a second forward and reverse diode stack 40 and an energy release resistor, one end of the first forward and reverse diode stack 36 is connected with the heat shielding layer 33, the other end of the first forward and reverse diode stack 36 is connected with the third forward and reverse diode stack 39, the superconducting switch 41, the current lead 34 and the superconducting magnet 31, the other end of the third forward and reverse diode stack 39 is connected with the protection heater 38, the other end of the protection heater 38 is connected with the current interrupter 35, the other end of the current interrupter 35 is connected with the other end of the superconducting switch 41, the other end of the superconducting magnet 31, the current lead 34 and the second forward and reverse diode stack 40, and the other end of the second forward and reverse diode stack 40 is connected with the heat shielding layer 33.
Embodiment 3 on the basis of embodiment 1, two superconducting magnets 31 for realizing a superconducting state and disposed opposite to each other and an imaging region 21 located between the two superconducting magnets 31 are provided in a superconducting magnet system.
Wherein the superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting coil 31,4K container 32, a thermal shield 33, a forward and reverse diode stack 39, a 300K container 37, a heater assembly 38, a interrupter 35, a superconducting switch assembly 41,
the superconducting coil 32 (including the main magnetic field coil 1 and the shield coil 2) is located in a 4K container 32, the 4K container contains a cooling liquid (liquid helium), a heat shield layer 33 is arranged outside the 4K container, and the outermost layer of the magnet is a 300K container 37.
In embodiment 4, based on embodiment 1, the heat shielding layer 33 is made of aluminum or copper with better heat conductivity, is used for shielding the radiation heat leakage of the magnet, and is connected with the primary thermal connection of the cold head assembly 8 to reach the balance of the temperature of the heat shielding layer, and the temperature can reach about 40K.
The 300K container 37 assembly is generally made of stainless steel or a metal material with higher strength, and the 4K container 32 and the heat shielding layer 33 are generally hoisted on the 300K container 37.
The working principle is as follows: when the superconducting coil is out of time, the terminal voltage of the superconducting coil rises rapidly, the diode stack III 39 is started, the quench heater 38 is excited to heat the superconducting coil 31, the whole coil is quenched by heating, and damage to the superconducting magnet caused by overhigh local hot spot temperature is avoided; further, when the quench voltage further increases, the first and second diode stacks 36, 40 start to turn on, and the energy of the superconducting coil 31 starts to be discharged to an energy release resistor, which is a part of the superconducting magnet itself, such as the thermal shield 33 or 300K container 37; further, the quench voltage continues to rise, the interrupter 35 opens the loop, avoiding the magnetic energy from bleeding to the heater, and directing the energy to bleed to the energy release resistor 33 or 37; since the superconducting magnet stores several megajoules of energy, this energy is converted into heat energy of the energy release resistor 33 or 37, thereby causing the temperature of the energy release resistor to rise. According to the formula eq=m×c×detk, where Eq is the capability of the superconducting magnet to bleed to the energy release resistor, M is the mass of the energy release resistor, C is the specific heat capacity of the energy release resistor, the specific heat capacity is a value that changes with increasing temperature, and detK is the temperature rise value. It can be estimated that the megajoule level energy can cause a temperature rise change of about several tens of K, and the value is within an acceptable range, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the superconducting magnet.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The protection circuit of the superconducting magnet system is characterized by comprising the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit, wherein the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit; the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system is out of time and comprises a cut-off protection part and an energy drainage part; the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and is out of time; the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for discharging magnet energy generated by superconduction;
the cut-off protection part comprises a current breaker, and the energy drainage part comprises a protection heater, a forward and reverse diode stack III, a forward and reverse diode stack I and an energy release resistor;
one end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer, the other end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the third positive and negative diode stack, the superconducting switch, the current lead and the superconducting magnet, the other end of the third positive and negative diode stack is connected with the protection heater, the other end of the protection heater is connected with the current breaker, the other end of the current breaker is connected with the other end of the superconducting switch, the other end of the superconducting magnet, the current lead and the second positive and negative diode stack, and the other end of the second positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer.
2. A protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet system comprises two superconducting magnets arranged opposite to each other for achieving a superconducting state, and an imaging region between the two superconducting magnets.
3. The protective circuit of claim 2, wherein the superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting coil, an inner container and a heat shielding layer, the heat shielding layer is used for shielding radiation heat leakage of the magnet, the inner container is positioned in the outer container and used for absorbing radiation heat leakage of the magnet, the superconducting coil is positioned in the heat shielding layer and used for rapidly raising terminal voltage when losing time, and damage to the superconducting magnet caused by local hot spot temperature is avoided due to the fact that the local hot spot temperature is too high, and the superconducting magnet is positioned in the inner container.
4. A protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system according to claim 3, wherein the inner container is a 4K container containing a cooling liquid therein.
5. The protective circuit of claim 4, wherein said outer container is a 300K container.
6. The protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system according to claim 5, wherein the superconducting coil is composed of a main magnetic field coil, a shield field coil, and a shield field slot.
7. The protective circuit of claim 6, wherein the thermal shield is coupled to a primary thermal connection of a coldhead assembly for balancing the temperature of the thermal shield.
8. The protective circuit of claim 7, wherein the thermal shielding material is made of aluminum or copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110416850.XA CN113178844B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110416850.XA CN113178844B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system |
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| CN113178844A CN113178844A (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN113178844B true CN113178844B (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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| CN113871131A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Circuit for accelerating quench propagation of superconducting magnet |
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| CN103022972A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Device for protecting superconducting magnet quench |
| CN107221401A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of superconducting magnet system and its quench guard method |
| CN108023334A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-11 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Superconducting magnet quenches protection system and magnetic resonance system |
| CN208690919U (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-04-02 | 江西联创光电科技股份有限公司 | Protection circuit is quenched for MW class high-temperature superconductor direct current induction heater |
| CN112509780A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-03-16 | 华中科技大学 | Superconducting magnet system and quench protection circuit thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4319602B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2009-08-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Superconducting magnet device with quench protection circuit |
| US10984934B2 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-04-20 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fast inductive heaters for active quench protection of superconducting coil |
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2021
- 2021-04-19 CN CN202110416850.XA patent/CN113178844B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103022972A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Device for protecting superconducting magnet quench |
| CN107221401A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of superconducting magnet system and its quench guard method |
| CN108023334A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-11 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Superconducting magnet quenches protection system and magnetic resonance system |
| CN208690919U (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-04-02 | 江西联创光电科技股份有限公司 | Protection circuit is quenched for MW class high-temperature superconductor direct current induction heater |
| CN112509780A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-03-16 | 华中科技大学 | Superconducting magnet system and quench protection circuit thereof |
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| 郭蓓蕾.超导磁体理论基础与设计应用.电子科技大学出版社,2018,105-109. * |
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