CN113178844A - Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system - Google Patents
Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113178844A CN113178844A CN202110416850.XA CN202110416850A CN113178844A CN 113178844 A CN113178844 A CN 113178844A CN 202110416850 A CN202110416850 A CN 202110416850A CN 113178844 A CN113178844 A CN 113178844A
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- superconducting magnet
- superconducting
- magnet system
- protection circuit
- protection
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- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for superconducting apparatus, e.g. coils, lines, machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system, belonging to the technical field of superconducting magnets, and comprising a superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit, wherein the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit; the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system loses time, and comprises a protection cutting part and an energy diversion part; the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and loses time; the superconducting magnet system comprises an energy drainage part, an energy discharge part and a power supply part, wherein the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for discharging magnet energy generated by superconduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting magnets, in particular to a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system.
Background
Because of the characteristics of high current density, large magnetic field intensity and the like, the superconducting magnet is increasingly applied to various industries, and relates to the fields of medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) superconducting magnets, superconducting iron removers, superconducting NMR and the like.
The resistance of the superconducting magnet is almost zero in a superconducting state, and the superconducting magnet can bear the current density of 2 with hundreds of amperes/mm, so that the energy of the superconducting magnet can reach several megajoules. Under the condition of external unstable interference (which may be mechanical disturbance or a heat source), the superconducting magnet may be changed from a superconducting state to a normal state, which is called Quench (Quench), and at this time, energy of the superconducting magnet is released to a normal area, so that local temperature rise in a certain place is too high, and the superconducting coil may be burned out, and the superconducting magnet may be further damaged. Therefore, the superconducting magnet needs a protection circuit to secure the superconducting coil.
The traditional protection circuit adopts a quench heater to drive a superconducting coil to quench, namely, the heater is placed on the superconducting coil, once quench occurs, quench voltage drives the heater to heat the superconducting coil, so that the whole coil quenches, the overhigh temperature of a local hot spot is avoided, and the purpose of quickly discharging energy is achieved. As shown in FIG. 1, C1-C5 are superconducting coils, R1-R5 are quench heaters, D1 and D2 are diode stacks in forward and reverse directions, S1 is a superconducting switch, and L1 is a current lead. When quench time occurs, the diode stack D2 is conducted under the drive of quench voltage, and the super heaters R1-R5 further start to heat the superconducting coils C1-C5, so that the quench of the superconducting coils is accelerated, and the purpose of protecting the quench coils is achieved.
In another protection circuit, a forward-reverse diode stack and a heater are connected in parallel to each superconducting coil, or a current limiter is added to limit the current of the heater, and the like.
In some prior art, the driving of the quench heater is changed into an inductor, the inductor and the superconducting coil form a coupling circuit, and when quench occurs, the inductor can generate induced voltage to drive the heater to start working. Therefore, the heater can be prevented from being burnt out due to overhigh current, and a quench loop can be driven possibly at lower voltage, so that the heater can play a role in the initial quench stage.
There are other patents on quench protection circuits for protecting superconducting coils from damage during a quench, but these protections are based primarily on protecting the superconducting coils, as described above, the superconducting magnet itself has several megajoules of energy that are released to convert the electromagnetic energy into joule heat, further consuming the cooling fluid, such as liquid helium, of the superconducting magnet. Since liquid helium is a non-renewable resource, generally extracted from petroleum or natural gas, the price is relatively expensive, and one quench may cause a loss of liquid helium of up to 1000L, resulting in huge cost.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system to solve the problems set forth in the above background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system comprises the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit,
the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit;
the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system loses time, and comprises a protection cutting part and an energy diversion part;
the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and loses time;
and the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for draining the magnet energy generated by the superconduction.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the cutoff protection part comprises a current interrupter, and the energy guide part comprises a protection heater, a positive and negative diode stack III, a positive and negative diode stack I, a positive and negative diode stack and an energy release resistor.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: one end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer, the other end of the first positive and negative diode stack is connected with the third positive and negative diode stack, the superconducting switch, the current lead and the superconducting magnet, the other end of the third positive and negative diode stack is connected with the protective heater, the other end of the protective heater is connected with the current breaker, the other end of the current breaker is connected with the other end of the superconducting switch, the other end of the superconducting magnet, the current lead and the second positive and negative diode stack, and the other end of the second positive and negative diode stack is connected with the heat shielding layer.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, the superconducting magnet system includes two superconducting magnets which are used to realize a superconducting state and are arranged oppositely, and an imaging region which is located between the two superconducting magnets.
As a further aspect of the invention, the superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting coil, an inner vessel, and a thermal shield,
a heat shield layer for shielding the heat leakage of the magnet and arranged in the outer container,
an inner container for absorbing the heat leakage of the magnet and located inside the heat shield layer,
and the superconducting coil is used for rapidly increasing the end voltage when loss overtime occurs, so that the superconducting magnet is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh temperature of a local hot spot and is positioned in the inner container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the inner layer container is a 4K container, and cooling liquid is filled in the inner layer container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the outer layer container is a 300K container.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the superconducting coil consists of a main magnetic field coil, a shielding field coil and a shielding field wire slot.
As a further aspect of the invention, the thermal shield is connected to a primary thermal connection of a coldhead assembly, the coldhead assembly being configured to equilibrate a temperature of the thermal shield.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the heat shielding layer material is made of aluminum material or copper material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the superconducting magnet fully utilizes a part of the superconducting magnet as the energy release resistor, and can protect the superconducting coil and release the energy of the superconducting coil to the energy release resistor when the superconducting magnet is quenched, so that the loss of liquid helium in the quenching process is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet.
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of a protection circuit.
In the figure: 1-main magnetic field coil, 2-shielded field coil, 6-shielded field wire slot, 8-cold head assembly, 20-imaging region, 21-magnet center line, 31-superconducting coil, 32-4K container, 33-thermal shield, 34-current lead, 35-current breaker, 36-positive and negative diode stack, 37-300K container, 38-protective heater, 39-positive and negative diode, 40-positive and negative diode stack, superconducting switch 41.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2-3, example 1: a protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system comprises the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit,
the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit;
the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system loses time, and comprises a protection cutting part and an energy diversion part;
the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and loses time;
the breaking protection part adopted by the design is a breaker, and in addition, a fuse, a circuit breaker, an electronic switch and the like can be adopted to realize the same function.
And the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for draining the magnet energy generated by the superconduction. Thereby effectively protecting the superconducting magnet from being damaged by superconducting heat.
The energy drainage part that this design adopted is positive and negative diode heap, can also adopt super capacitor, energy storage battery group etc. to realize above-mentioned function in addition.
Embodiment 3 is based on embodiment 1, a superconducting magnet system including two superconducting magnets 31 arranged opposite to each other to realize a superconducting state, and an imaging region 21 located between the two superconducting magnets 31.
Wherein the superconducting magnet comprises superconducting coils 31, a 4K container 32, a heat shielding layer 33, a forward and reverse diode stack 39, a 300K container 37, a heater assembly 38, a current interrupter 35, a superconducting switch assembly 41,
the superconducting coils 32 (including the main magnetic field coils 1 and the shield coils 2) are located in a 4K vessel 32, which contains a cooling liquid (liquid helium), and outside the 4K vessel is a thermal shield 33, and the outermost layer of the magnet is a 300K vessel 37.
Embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 1, the heat shielding layer 33 is generally made of aluminum or copper material with better heat conductivity, and is used for shielding the radiation heat leakage of the magnet, and is connected with the primary thermal connection of the cold head assembly 8 to reach the balance of a heat shielding layer temperature, and the general temperature can reach about 40K.
The 300K container 37 is generally made of stainless steel or a metal material with higher strength, and the 4K container 32 and the heat shield 33 are generally hung on the 300K container 37.
The working principle is as follows: when the quench time of the superconducting coil occurs, the terminal voltage of the superconducting coil rapidly rises, firstly, the diode stack III 39 is started, and the quench heater 38 is excited to heat the superconducting coil 31, so that the whole coil is heated and quenched, and the damage to the superconducting magnet caused by overhigh temperature of a local hot spot is avoided; further, when the quench voltage further increases, the first flip-flop diode stack 36 and the second flip-flop diode stack 40 start to conduct, and the energy of the superconducting coil 31 starts to be discharged to an energy release resistor, which is a part of the superconducting magnet itself, such as the thermal shield 33 or the 300K container 37; further, the quench voltage continues to rise, and the current interrupter 35 opens the circuit to prevent the magnet energy from discharging to the heater and to direct the energy to the discharge resistor 33 or 37; since the superconducting magnet stores several megajoules of energy, this energy will be converted into thermal energy in the discharge resistor 33 or 37, causing the discharge resistor to increase in temperature. According to the formula Eq = M × C × detK, wherein Eq is the capacity of the superconducting magnet to discharge to the energy release resistor, M is the mass of the energy release resistor, C is the specific heat capacity of the energy release resistor, the specific heat capacity is a value which changes along with the temperature rise, and detK is a temperature rise value. It can be estimated that the megajoule level energy can cause temperature rise change of about tens of K, and the value is in a bearable range, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the superconducting magnet.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system is characterized by comprising the superconducting magnet system and a protection circuit,
the superconducting magnet system is connected with the protection circuit;
the protection circuit is used for protecting the superconducting magnet system when the superconducting magnet system loses time, and comprises a protection cutting part and an energy diversion part;
the cut-off protection part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for cutting off a loop of the loop superconducting magnet system when the whole coil is heated and loses time;
and the energy drainage part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet system and is used for draining the magnet energy generated by the superconduction.
2. The protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system according to claim 1, wherein the cutoff protection portion comprises a current interrupter and the energy diverting portion comprises a protection heater, a first positive and negative diode stack, a positive and negative diode stack and an energy release resistor.
3. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein one end of the first forward/reverse diode stack is connected to the thermal shield, the other end of the first forward/reverse diode stack is connected to the third forward/reverse diode stack, the superconducting switch, the current lead and the superconducting magnet, the other end of the third forward/reverse diode stack is connected to the protection heater, the other end of the protection heater is connected to the current breaker, the other end of the current breaker is connected to the other end of the superconducting switch, the other end of the superconducting magnet, the current lead and the second forward/reverse diode stack, and the other end of the second forward/reverse diode stack is connected to the thermal shield.
4. The protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet system comprises two superconducting magnets which are used for realizing a superconducting state and are oppositely arranged, and an imaging area which is positioned between the two superconducting magnets.
5. A protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system according to claim 4, wherein the superconducting magnet comprises a superconducting coil, an inner vessel and a thermal shield,
a heat shield layer for shielding the heat leakage of the magnet and arranged in the outer container,
an inner container for absorbing the heat leakage of the magnet and located inside the heat shield layer,
and the superconducting coil is used for rapidly increasing the end voltage when loss overtime occurs, so that the superconducting magnet is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh temperature of a local hot spot and is positioned in the inner container.
6. The protection circuit of a superconducting magnet system according to claim 5, wherein the inner container is a 4K container, and the cooling liquid is contained in the inner container.
7. The protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system according to claim 5, wherein the outer container is a 300K container.
8. A superconducting magnet system protection circuit according to claim 3 wherein the superconducting coils are comprised of main field coils, shielded field coils and shielded field wireways.
9. A protection circuit for a superconducting magnet system according to claim 5 wherein the thermal shield is connected to a primary thermal connection of a coldhead assembly, the coldhead assembly being arranged to equalise the temperature of the thermal shield.
10. The superconducting magnet system protection circuit of claim 9 wherein said heat shield layer is made of aluminum or copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110416850.XA CN113178844B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110416850.XA CN113178844B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113178844A true CN113178844A (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN113178844B CN113178844B (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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| CN202110416850.XA Active CN113178844B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Protection circuit of superconducting magnet system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113871131A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Circuit for accelerating quench propagation of superconducting magnet |
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| CN103022972A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Device for protecting superconducting magnet quench |
| CN107221401A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of superconducting magnet system and its quench guard method |
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| CN208690919U (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-04-02 | 江西联创光电科技股份有限公司 | Protection circuit is quenched for MW class high-temperature superconductor direct current induction heater |
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| CN112509780A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-03-16 | 华中科技大学 | Superconducting magnet system and quench protection circuit thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-04-19 CN CN202110416850.XA patent/CN113178844B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060227471A1 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-10-12 | Mitsuyoshi Tsuchiya | Superconducting magnet system with quench protection circuit |
| CN103022972A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Device for protecting superconducting magnet quench |
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| US20200194154A1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-18 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fast inductive heaters for active quench protection of superconducting coil |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113871131A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Circuit for accelerating quench propagation of superconducting magnet |
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| CN113178844B (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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