CN113176512A - Based on C2H4Lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method and system with variable rate - Google Patents
Based on C2H4Lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method and system with variable rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113176512A CN113176512A CN202110333345.9A CN202110333345A CN113176512A CN 113176512 A CN113176512 A CN 113176512A CN 202110333345 A CN202110333345 A CN 202110333345A CN 113176512 A CN113176512 A CN 113176512A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Based on C2H4A lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method and system based on gas change rate. Firstly to C2H4Threshold value of concentration, C2H4Setting a concentration change rate threshold, a time interval and a sampling frequency; then, when continuous multipoint C is monitored in real time2H4When the gas concentration value exceeds the concentration threshold value, C is calculated2H4The rate of change of gas concentration over a subsequent time interval Δ t; further, C2H4And judging whether a fault signal is sent out or not on line according to the relation between the gas concentration change rate and the corresponding threshold value. The method has the characteristics of simple principle, easy realization and easy popularization, and can accurately and reliably diagnose the overcharge fault of the lithium ion battery on line。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery based on C2H4A lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method and system with variable rates are provided.
Background
With the continuous popularization and application of the lithium ion battery, the safety problem of the lithium ion battery is highlighted. The overcharge failure is one of the most severe failures of lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are usually used in groups, and the overcharge phenomenon of partial monomers inevitably occurs due to the problems of inconsistent battery packs, inaccurate regulation and control of a charging control technology and the like. Generally, when a battery is overcharged, lithium precipitation occurs on the surface of a negative electrode of the battery, and if the battery is slightly overcharged for a long time, gradual failure that the capacity of the battery is attenuated too fast is caused by the loss of active lithium, and lithium precipitation may induce lithium dendrite, so that the potential safety hazard of micro/internal short circuit caused by the puncture of a diaphragm is increased. In some extreme cases, for example, when BMS fails, deep overcharge of the battery for a long time may occur, which may cause a continuous increase in the temperature of the battery, trigger a series of exothermic side reactions such as SEI film decomposition, electrolyte decomposition, separator melting, electrolyte decomposition, decomposition of the positive electrode material, and finally cause sudden failures such as short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery. Therefore, it is important to design a diagnosis method suitable for the overcharge fault of the lithium ion battery.
The lithium ion battery is composed of active materials, and when overcharge failure occurs, the active materials begin to react with each other to volatilize C2H4A gas. Thus, C can be utilized2H4And (4) carrying out overcharge fault diagnosis on the lithium ion battery by the change behavior of the gas.
At present, research aiming at realizing overcharge fault diagnosis by using gas signals is relatively deficient. The invention patent of 'a liquid leakage control system and a control method of an electric vehicle power battery box' (patent number CN107959066B), which is granted by Zhengjimin, Rexiu, Zhang Shiyang and the like in 2020, mentions that a gas signal is reacted by using voltage and temperature signals, and then the overcharge fault diagnosis is carried out by using the change rate of the gas signal, but the invention does not propose which kind of gas signal is used, and meanwhile, the complexity of the invention is extremely high due to the complicated conversion process of the signal. "a device and method for detecting whether a battery in a battery box is overcharged" (patent number CN107732334A), which is disclosed in 2018 by wang jian army, Tian lei, and so on, mentions that overcharge diagnosis is realized by detecting EC, DMC or/and EMC, but there is no gas sensor capable of accurately distinguishing EC, DMC or/and EMC in combination with the current commercial gas sensor technology. In general, further designing an overcharge fault diagnosis method which has high reliability, simple principle, convenient realization and easy popularization by utilizing a gas signal is still an important work of safety guarantee of the lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system for executing the lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method, which comprises an upper computer and a C2H4Gas sensor, lithium ion battery, actual operation load and CAN bus.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
step 1: set up C2H4Gas concentration threshold S, acquisition time interval Deltat and sampling frequency f, and calculating C by overcharge simulation2H4Gas concentration change rate setting C2H4A gas concentration threshold S;
step 2: use of C2H4Gas sensor real-time monitoring overcharge lithium ion battery released C2H4Concentration value c of gaskWhen C is present2H4Gas concentration value ckSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ ck,ck+1...,ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 3 is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is repeated;
and step 3: c obtained according to step 22H4Gas concentration value, calculating C of lithium ion battery to be detected within time interval delta t2H4A gas concentration change rate k;
and 4, step 4: comparison of C in step 32H4The relationship between the rate of change of gas concentration K and the corresponding threshold value K, when K is>And when K, immediately sending a fault signal, and returning to the step 2 to continue monitoring.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 101: firstly, charging the lithium ion battery at a constant current of 3A and a discharge rate of 0.5C until the voltage of the experimental lithium electronic battery reaches 3.65V;
step 102: charging the lithium ion battery at a constant voltage, namely 3.65V until the cut-off current of the lithium ion battery is lower than 60mA and the discharge rate of the lithium ion battery is less than 0.01C;
step 103: standing the lithium ion battery for more than 1 hour;
step 104: at constant current n1Multiple current, constant voltage n2Voltage of multiple and discharge multiplying factor n in charge3The lithium ion battery continues to be charged for 0.5 to 1 hour at the multiplied discharge rate to complete the overcharge simulation of the lithium ion battery. In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,n1is 4, n2Is 1.75, n34, the charging time is 1 hour;
step 105: use of C2H4C of gas monitoring system for experimental lithium ion battery2H4Gas concentration value CkCarrying out detection; when C is present2H4Gas concentration value CkSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ Ck,Ck+1...,Ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 106 is executed, otherwise, the step 105 is repeated;
step 106: calculating C2H4Gas concentration change rate k within Δ tdc;
Step 107: repeating the step 101 and 106, carrying out overcharge simulation on the lithium ion batteries with the same model Dc, calculating the gas concentration change rates of the lithium ion batteries, and taking the maximum positive integer smaller than the gas concentration change rates of all the lithium ion batteries as C2H4A gas concentration change rate threshold K.
N in step 1024Is 60mA, n5Is 0.01C.
N in step 1041Is 4, n2Is 1.75, n3Is 4, t1Is [0.5,1 ]]。
C2H4The concentration threshold S is 0ppm, C2H4The threshold value K of the gas concentration change rate is 5ppm/s, the delta t is 1s, and the sampling frequency f is 10 Hz.
In step 2, b has a value of 2.
In step 3, C is calculated by the following formula2H4Rate of change of gas concentration:
wherein, ck+n+bIs ck+bLast n th C2H4The gas concentration, n ═ Δ t × f.
The invention also discloses a lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis system based on the lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method, which comprisesUpper computer, C2H4Gas sensor, lithium ion battery, actual operation load and CAN bus:
C2H4the gas sensor is arranged in the temperature control box to C2H4Monitoring the gas condition;
upper computer and C2H4The gas sensor is connected and used for storing and processing a gas concentration value and displaying an overcharge fault diagnosis judgment result of the method;
C2H4the gas sensor is connected with the actual operation load and the lithium ion battery and used for monitoring C in real time2H4The concentration value of the gas;
the lithium ion battery is connected with an actual operation load to simulate the working condition of the lithium ion battery;
the CAN bus is connected with an upper computer and C2H4Gas is used for data transmission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple principle, convenient realization and easy popularization, can reliably diagnose the overcharge fault of the lithium ion battery, provides a good foundation for the protection and the further intervention of the overcharge fault, and can effectively avoid the safety accident of the lithium ion battery caused by the overcharge fault.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method;
FIG. 3 shows C under overcharge fault2H4And (3) a trend graph of the change of the gas concentration.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
FIG. 1 shows a system diagram for executing the lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method provided by the invention, which comprises an upper computer and a C2H4Gas sensingThe device comprises a lithium ion battery, an actual operation load and a CAN bus.
Wherein, C2H4The gas sensor is arranged in the temperature control box to C2H4The gas conditions were monitored. Upper computer and C2H4The upper computer is used for storing and processing a gas concentration value and displaying an overcharge fault diagnosis judgment result of the method; c2H4Gas sensor for real-time monitoring C2H4Concentration value of gas, C2H4The gas sensor is connected with an actual operation load and the lithium ion battery; the lithium ion battery and the actual operation load are placed in the temperature control box to simulate the working condition of the lithium ion battery; the actual operation load is the electric equipment, and the resistor is used as the load in the invention; CAN bus for connecting C2H4And the gas sensor and the upper computer realize data transmission.
The flow chart of the lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method of the invention is shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: set up C2H4Gas concentration threshold S, acquisition time interval Deltat and sampling frequency f, and calculating C by overcharge simulation2H4Gas concentration change rate setting C2H4A gas concentration threshold S;
in this embodiment, C of the lithium ion battery to be detected is set2H4The concentration threshold S is 0ppm, due to C2H4It is not an inherent gas in the atmosphere, so that S is 0ppm, meaning that C is once present2H4Generating, which indicates that the battery may have problems; the acquisition time interval Δ t is taken to be 1s and the sampling frequency f is taken to be 10 Hz.
The three parameters can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, and the accuracy is lower the longer the time interval and the lower the frequency.
The overcharge simulation of the experimental lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
step 101: firstly, charging the lithium ion battery at a constant current of 3A and a discharge rate of 0.5C until the voltage of the experimental lithium electronic battery reaches 3.65V;
step 102: charging the lithium ion battery at a constant voltage, namely 3.65V until the cut-off current of the lithium ion battery is lower than 60mA and the discharge rate of the lithium ion battery is less than 0.01C;
step 103: standing the lithium ion battery for more than 1 hour;
step 104: at constant current n1Multiple current, constant voltage n2Voltage of multiple and discharge multiplying factor n in charge3The lithium ion battery continues to be charged for 0.5 to 1 hour at the multiplied discharge rate to complete the overcharge simulation of the lithium ion battery. In the present embodiment, n1Is 4, n2Is 1.75, n34, the charging time is 1 hour;
step 105: use of C2H4C of gas monitoring system for experimental lithium ion battery2H4Gas concentration value CkCarrying out detection; when C is present2H4Gas concentration value CkSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ Ck,Ck+1...,Ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 106 is executed, otherwise, the step 105 is repeated;
step 106: calculating C2H4Gas concentration change rate k within Δ tdc;
Wherein, Ck+n+bIs Ck+bLast n th C2H4A gas concentration value, n ═ Δ t × f;
step 107: repeating the step 101 and 106, carrying out overcharge simulation on the lithium ion batteries with the same model Dc, calculating the gas concentration change rates of the lithium ion batteries, and taking the maximum positive integer smaller than the gas concentration change rates of all the lithium ion batteries as C2H4A gas concentration change rate threshold K.
Dc should be greater than 50. In this example, Dc is 50.
In this example, C2H4Gas (es)The threshold value K for the rate of change of concentration is taken to be 5 ppm/s.
Step 2: use of C2H4Gas sensor real-time monitoring overcharge lithium ion battery released C2H4Concentration value c of gaskWhen C is present2H4Gas concentration value ckSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ ck,ck+1...,ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 3 is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is repeated;
FIG. 3 shows C under overcharge fault2H4And (3) a trend graph of the change of the gas concentration. As can be seen from fig. 3, the lithium ion battery has an overcharge fault at 0s, and the fault duration is 3600s, C2H4Gas is separated out 277s after overcharging, and b +1 collection points C are continuously arranged2H4The gas concentration is greater than the threshold value S which is 0ppm, namely the following conditions are met:
[ck,ck+1...,ck+b]>S
wherein k represents a sampling number of the density value, ck,ck+1...,ck+bC representing successive b +1 points2H4Gas concentration value. In this embodiment, b is 2, i.e. C with 2+1 ═ 3 points in succession2H4When the gas concentration values are all larger than S, the next step is carried out.
And step 3: c obtained according to step 22H4Gas concentration value, calculating C of lithium ion battery to be detected within time interval delta t2H4A gas concentration change rate k;
calculating the C of the lithium ion battery to be detected by using the following formula2H4Gas concentration change rate k:
wherein, ck+n+bIs ck+bLast n th C2H4The gas concentration, n ═ Δ t × f.
In this embodiment, C is the charge of the lithium ion battery over 328s2H4Gas concentration changeThe ratio is more than 5 ppm/s.
And 4, step 4: comparison of C in step 32H4The relationship between the rate of change of gas concentration K and the corresponding threshold value K, when K is>And when K, immediately sending a fault signal, and returning to the step 2 to continue monitoring.
In this embodiment, since at 328s, C2H4And when the change rate of the gas concentration exceeds a set threshold K, the lithium ion battery is reliably judged to have an overcharge fault, and a fault signal is sent immediately.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Based on C2H4The method for diagnosing the overcharge fault of the lithium ion battery with the gas change rate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: set up C2H4Gas concentration threshold S, acquisition time interval Deltat and sampling frequency f, and calculating C by overcharge simulation2H4Gas concentration change rate setting C2H4A gas concentration threshold S;
step 2: use of C2H4Gas sensor real-time monitoring overcharge lithium ion battery released C2H4Concentration value c of gaskWhen C is present2H4Gas concentration value ckSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ ck,ck+1...,ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 3 is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is repeated;
and step 3: c obtained according to step 22H4Gas concentration value, calculating C of lithium ion battery to be detected within time interval delta t2H4A gas concentration change rate k;
and 4, step 4: comparison of C in step 32H4The relationship between the rate of change of gas concentration K and the corresponding threshold value K, when K is>And when K, immediately sending a fault signal, and returning to the step 2 to continue monitoring.
2. The lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 101: firstly, charging the lithium ion battery at a constant current of 3A and a discharge rate of 0.5C until the voltage of the experimental lithium electronic battery reaches 3.65V;
step 102: charging the lithium ion battery at a constant voltage, namely 3.65V until the cut-off current of the lithium ion battery is lower than 60mA and the discharge rate of the lithium ion battery is less than 0.01C;
step 103: standing the lithium ion battery for more than 1 hour;
step 104: at constant current n1Multiple current, constant voltage n2Voltage of multiple and discharge multiplying factor n in charge3The lithium ion battery continues to be charged for 0.5 to 1 hour at the multiplied discharge rate to complete the overcharge simulation of the lithium ion battery. In the present embodiment, n1Is 4, n2Is 1.75, n34, the charging time is 1 hour;
step 105: use of C2H4C of gas monitoring system for experimental lithium ion battery2H4Gas concentration value CkCarrying out detection; when C is present2H4Gas concentration value CkSatisfy that all the continuous b +1 sampling points are greater than the threshold value S, namely [ Ck,Ck+1...,Ck+b]If the S value is greater than S, the step 106 is executed, otherwise, the step 105 is repeated;
step 106: calculating C2H4Gas concentration change rate k within Δ tdc;
Step 107: repeating the step 101 and 106, carrying out overcharge simulation on the lithium ion batteries with the same model Dc, calculating the gas concentration change rates of the lithium ion batteries, and taking the maximum positive integer smaller than the gas concentration change rates of all the lithium ion batteries as C2H4A gas concentration change rate threshold K.
3. The lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
n in said step 1024Is 60mA, n5Is 0.01C.
4. The overcharge fault diagnosis method applicable to lithium ion batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that:
n in said step 1041Is 4, n2Is 1.75, n3Is 4, t1Is [0.5,1 ]]。
5. The lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method according to claim 4, characterized in that:
C2H4the concentration threshold S is 0ppm, C2H4The threshold value K of the gas concentration change rate is 5ppm/s, the delta t is 1s, and the sampling frequency f is 10 Hz.
6. The lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
in step 2, b has a value of 2.
8. Application claimThe lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis system of the lithium ion battery overcharge fault diagnosis method of any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises an upper computer and a C2H4Gas sensor, lithium ion battery, actual operation load and CAN bus, its characterized in that:
said C is2H4The gas sensor is arranged in the temperature control box to C2H4Monitoring the gas condition;
the upper computer and C2H4The gas sensor is connected and used for storing and processing a gas concentration value and displaying an overcharge fault diagnosis judgment result of the method;
said C is2H4The gas sensor is connected with the actual operation load and the lithium ion battery and used for monitoring C in real time2H4The concentration value of the gas;
the lithium ion battery is connected with an actual operation load and is placed in the temperature control box to simulate the working condition of the lithium ion battery;
the CAN bus is connected with an upper computer and C2H4Gas is used for data transmission.
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