CN113176395A - Method for determining site soil pollutant exposure concentration in layering manner - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of contaminated site investigation and risk assessment, and discloses a method for determining site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner. The method can effectively avoid the problems that the traditional method is easy to cause risk overestimation and site over-restoration, and simultaneously reduces uncertainty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted site investigation and risk assessment, in particular to a method for determining site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the deepened adjustment of the industrial structure in China, the problem of environmental pollution of the left-over site generated by closing and moving of high-pollution and high-energy-consumption enterprises in cities is prominent, and the environmental and human health risks in the re-development and utilization process are high. Through the industry development of nearly 20 years, the environment management system of the pollution site based on risks is basically established in China. The soil method stipulates that soil pollution risk assessment needs to be carried out on a site which is subjected to soil pollution condition investigation and has pollution. The pollutant exposure concentration is a key factor influencing the risk assessment result, the research on the soil pollution condition of the polluted site refers to the technical guide for research on the soil pollution condition of the construction land (HJ 25.1), the technical guide for the soil pollution risk control and restoration monitoring of the construction land (HJ 25.2), and the determination of the concerned pollutants refers to the soil pollution risk control standard for the soil environment quality of the construction land (GB36600) and the technical guide for the soil pollution risk assessment of the construction land (HJ 25.3). However, the determination method of the pollutant exposure concentration in the relevant guidance rules and regulations is more general and single, if the detection data of the pollutant of interest is in normal distribution, the risk calculation can be carried out according to the detection data mean value, the upper limit value of the confidence region of the mean value or the maximum value as the exposure concentration.
At present, the pollutant detection data is all not satisfied normal distribution basically to the actual pollution place concern, adopts the maximum value as exposure concentration during risk assessment more, and in addition, the soil pollutant concentration that traditional place investigation obtained is mostly based on total amount concentration, does not consider the morphological transformation of pollutant, like concentration, the actual measurement concentration etc. in the soil gas phase to human active state, will lead to actual risk to be obviously overestimated, and then cause the excessive restoration in place.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner, and solves the problems that the pollutant concentration determination method is too general and single, and the maximum value of the pollutant total detection concentration is used as the exposure concentration, so that the risk assessment result is too conservative and the site is over-repaired.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering way comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out soil pollution condition investigation on the suspected polluted site, and determining concerned pollutants;
s2, when the number of the detected samples is less than 8, adopting the maximum value of the detected concentration of the samples as the first level of the pollutant exposure concentration;
s3, when the number of detected samples is more than 8 and the sampling points are distributed uniformly in the whole field, adopting a sample detection concentration average confidence upper limit value UCL as a second level of pollutant exposure concentration, and calculating the UCL in a partitioning manner if necessary;
s4, when the number of detected samples is more than 8, sampling points are unevenly distributed in the whole field, and local areas are obviously gathered, calculating concentration based on range weighting by adopting a representative cell method to serve as a third level of pollutant exposure concentration;
and S5, according to occurrence, fate and exposure of soil pollutants and future population, carrying out corresponding field or laboratory tests aiming at the main exposure ways, and obtaining the concentration based on morphological transformation as the fourth level of the exposure concentration of different ways of pollutants.
Preferably, the levels into which the site pollutant exposure concentrations are calculated can be determined according to actual conditions of the site in the S2-S5.
Preferably, the number of samples tested in S2 refers to the number of samples tested in each layer of soil determined by risk assessment.
Preferably, the concentration of the sample detected in S2 is less than the detection limit of the method, and the UCL may be calculated using the detection limit of the method or half of the detection limit as the sample concentration.
Preferably, in S3, the sampling points are distributed uniformly in the entire field, that is, the sampling points are set by a system point distribution method or the sampling points have equal distances, a parametric or non-parametric method is used to determine the distribution form that the detection data conforms to and calculate the corresponding UCL value, generally, the UCL value at 95% of the positions is used, and the calculated UCL value is greater than the maximum value of the detected concentration of the pollutant, and then the maximum value is used as the exposure concentration value.
Preferably, the cell representation method in S4 is to determine the range of the cell represented by each sample concentration by using a method such as a thieson polygon, and the calculation formula based on the range weighted concentration value is as follows:
in the formula, CexpExposure concentration, weighted based on range, in mg/kg; ciThe concentration of the sample in the ith cell is mg/kg; siIs the area of the ith cell in m2；STIs the total area of the polluted site, and the unit is m2。
Preferably, the soil pollutant exposure route in S5 mainly comprises oral intake, skin contact, soil particulate matter inhalation and soil volatile gas inhalation, wherein the concentrations of the pollutant oral intake, skin contact and soil particulate matter inhalation routes based on morphological transformation can obtain corresponding absorption factors through in vitro or in vivo experiments, and calculate effective concentrations as the exposure concentrations of the routes, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Cexp-i’＝Cexp×αi
in the formula, Cexp-i' is the exposure concentration of the contaminant i pathway based on morphological transformation in mg/kg; alpha is alphaiIs a contaminant i pathway absorption factor, dimensionless;
preferably, in S5, a soil gas test in a field may be performed on the volatile organic pollutants, the measured soil gas concentration is used to replace the soil gas phase concentration calculated by the phase distribution model, and the concentration of the soil volatile gas absorption path based on morphological transformation is further calculated, with the following calculation formula:
Cexp-v'＝Cgas'×VFsg
in the formula, Cexp-v' concentration based on morphological transformation for inhalation of soil volatile gas pathway, unit is mg/m3；Cgas' is the measured concentration of soil gas in mg/m3；VFsgIs a volatile factor from pollutants in soil gas to air, and has no dimension.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention comprehensively considers the sample detection quantity, the sample detection concentration, the sampling point plane distribution and the pollutant form conversion, provides the method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner, has clear order and strong operability, overcomes the problems of relatively high yield and singleness of the existing method, and can better guide the development of related evaluation work.
2. The method considers the range represented by the pollutant concentration and the influence of the pollutant form conversion, and the determined pollutant exposure concentration is more scientific and reasonable along with the depth of the layers, so that the problems of risk overestimation and site over-remediation easily caused by the traditional method can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the uncertainty is also reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the exposure concentration of site soil pollutants in a hierarchical manner according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Thiessen polygonal cell based on the distribution of sampling points according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the exposed concentrations of benzo (a) pyrene in soil calculated at different levels in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the concentrations of exposed hexavalent chromium in the soil calculated at different levels according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the exposure concentrations of benzene in the soil to the outdoor volatile gas path, calculated at different levels in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner is used for determining the site soil benzo (a) pyrene exposure concentration through an oral ingestion way, and comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out soil pollution condition investigation on the suspected polluted site, and determining the concerned pollutants, such as about 19198.25m of the occupied area of the polluted site2In the sampling and investigation stage, 20 shallow soil sampling points are arranged, 20 soil samples are collected, the concerned pollutant is benzo (a) pyrene after detection and analysis, and the detection concentration of each sample is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 values of benzo (a) pyrene concentration (mg/kg) for each sample
| Sample numbering | Benzo (a) pyrene concentration | Sample numbering | Benzo (a) |
| 1 | 0.47 | 11 | 1.47 |
| 2 | 0.16 | 12 | 1.54 |
| 3 | 0.34 | 13 | 2.09 |
| 4 | 1.35 | 14 | 2.34 |
| 5 | 3.38 | 15 | 0.98 |
| 6 | 2.44 | 16 | 1.12 |
| 7 | 1.84 | 17 | 0.57 |
| 8 | 2.20 | 18 | 0.40 |
| 9 | 2.71 | 19 | 0.54 |
| 10 | 1.21 | 20 | 2.68 |
S2, the number of samples analyzed in the field is more than 8, if the sampling points are uniformly distributed in the whole field, the detection concentration of the samples is determined to accord with the t distribution of students through parameter test, and the calculated 95% UCL value is 1.85mg/kg and is less than the maximum detection concentration value.
S3, the actual sampling points of the site are distributed unevenly in the whole site, the local areas are obviously gathered, the concentration based on range weighting calculated by adopting a representative cell method is adopted, the cell represented by the concentration of each sample is determined by adopting a Thiessen polygon method (figure 2), and the concentration based on range weighting is calculated to be 1.18mg/kg by combining the concentration value of each sample (Table 2).
TABLE 2 Range-weighted concentration-based calculation procedure
S4, testing the effective concentration of the benzo (a) pyrene in the soil sample of the site by adopting an in-vitro testing method simulating the gastrointestinal digestion characteristics of a human body, finally determining the absorption factor of the oral ingestion route to be 0.3, correcting the concentration (1.18mg/kg) calculated in S2 based on range weighting, and calculating the exposure concentration based on morphological transformation to be 0.35 mg/kg.
The exposure concentration of benzo (a) pyrene calculated by adopting a different-level method (figure 3) is obviously reduced along with the depth of the level, the maximum value of the sample detection concentration (the first level) is different from the exposure concentration value (the fourth level) based on the morphological transformation of the oral intake route by about 1 order of magnitude, and the site risk is obviously overestimated by adopting the maximum value as the exposure concentration.
Example 2: the difference is based on example 1;
when the exposure concentration of hexavalent chromium in soil in a soil particulate matter suction way is determined in a layering manner, the following steps are adopted:
s1, investigating the soil pollution condition of the suspected polluted site, and determining the concerned pollutants, such as the polluted site occupying area of about 14400m2In the sampling investigation stage, 9 shallow soil sampling points are uniformly arranged by adopting a system point distribution method, 9 soil samples are collected totally, the concerned pollutant is hexavalent chromium after detection and analysis, and the detection concentration of each sample is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 hexavalent chromium concentration values of each sample
S2, the number of samples analyzed in the field is more than 8, sampling points are uniformly distributed in the whole field, the detection concentration of the samples is determined to accord with t distribution of students through parameter inspection, and the calculated 95% UCL value is 63.67mg/kg and is less than the maximum detection concentration value.
S3, the method for sucking soil particles is a main hexavalent chromium exposure method, and the PM of the soil sample in the field is tested by adopting an in-vitro test method for simulating the characteristics of lung fluid10The effective concentration in the granules, the finally determined absorption factor for the inhaled particulate matter pathway was 0.52, corrected for the 95% UCL value (63.67mg/kg) calculated in S2, and the calculated concentration based on morphological transformation was 33.11 mg/kg.
The hexavalent chromium exposure concentration calculated by adopting different-level methods (figure 4) is obviously reduced along with the depth of the levels, the maximum value of the sample detection concentration (first level) is 1.25 times of the 95% UCL value (second level), the maximum value of the sample detection concentration is 2.41 times of the exposure concentration value (fourth level) of the soil particulate matter suction path based on the form conversion, and the maximum value is taken as the exposure concentration, so that the site risk is obviously overestimated.
Example 3: the difference is based on example 1;
when the exposure concentration of the site soil benzene in the path of absorbing the soil volatile gas is determined in a layering manner, the following steps are adopted:
s1, carrying out soil pollution condition investigation on the suspected polluted site, and determining the concerned pollutants, such as the site occupying area about 1200m2The method is characterized in that the concerned pollutant is volatile organic benzene, the main pollution depth is concentrated at 6-8m below the ground, 3 soil drill holes are arranged, 1 soil gas monitoring well is arranged at the same time, the concentration of benzene in soil gas at the position of 6m of the buried depth is monitored, and the sample detection result is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 soil and soil gas benzene assay results
S2, the number of the analysis samples in the field is less than 8, the maximum value is 4.63mg/kg and is used as the soil exposure concentration, and the gas phase concentration of the soil calculated based on the three-phase balance model is 482.18mg/m3Outdoor benzene volatile gas sucked into the site is taken as a main exposure way, and the outdoor volatile factor VF calculated according to DB11/T1278sg-ambIs 3.22 multiplied by 10-8And further calculating the exposure concentration of the outdoor soil volatile gas suction path to be 1.55 multiplied by 10-5mg/m3。
The three-phase balance calculation model and the values of the corresponding parameters are as follows:
in the formula, CgasDistribution of soil solid phase to concentration of contaminants in gas phase, mg/m3；CexpThe soil exposure concentration is 4.63 mg/kg; h is a pollutant Henry coefficient, 0.227 and is dimensionless; rho is the volume weight of the soil, 1.61g/cm3；θwThe volume ratio of water in soil pores is 0.345, and the dimension is not large; thetaaThe volume ratio of air in soil pores is 0.064, and the dimension is not needed; kocIs a pollutant organic carbon-water distribution coefficient of 146cm3/g；focThe soil organic carbon content is 0.0134, and the soil organic carbon content is not dimensional.
S3, adopting the soil gas actual measurement concentration of 180mg/m at the position of 6m deep buried in the field3The finally calculated concentration of the outdoor soil volatile gas suction path based on the morphological transformation is 0.58 multiplied by 10 respectively instead of the soil gas concentration calculated by a three-phase equilibrium model-5mg/m3。
When the exposure concentration of the path of sucking volatile gas outside the benzene chamber is calculated by adopting a different-level method (figure 5), the calculated exposure concentration value is obviously reduced along with the depth of the level, and the calculation result of the maximum value (the first level) of the concentration detected by adopting a sample is 2.68 times of the exposure concentration (the fourth level) based on the form conversion.
It is to be noted that the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration in a layering manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out soil pollution condition investigation on the suspected polluted site, and determining concerned pollutants;
s2, when the number of the detected samples is less than 8, adopting the maximum value of the detected concentration of the samples as the first level of the pollutant exposure concentration;
s3, when the number of detected samples is more than 8 and the sampling points are distributed uniformly in the whole field, adopting a sample detection concentration average confidence upper limit value UCL as a second level of pollutant exposure concentration, and calculating the UCL in a partitioning manner if necessary;
s4, when the number of detected samples is more than 8, sampling points are unevenly distributed in the whole field, and local areas are obviously gathered, calculating concentration based on range weighting by adopting a representative cell method to serve as a third level of pollutant exposure concentration;
and S5, according to occurrence, fate and exposure of soil pollutants and future population, carrying out corresponding field or laboratory tests aiming at the main exposure ways, and obtaining the concentration based on morphological transformation as the fourth level of the exposure concentration of different ways of pollutants.
2. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps S2-S5, the level of the site pollutant exposure concentration can be determined and calculated according to the actual condition of the site.
3. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of samples tested in S2 refers to the number of samples tested in each layer of soil determined by risk assessment.
4. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the sample detected in S2 is less than the detection limit of the method, and the detection limit of the method or half of the detection limit of the method may be used as the sample concentration to calculate UCL.
5. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sampling points in the S3 are distributed uniformly in the whole field, that is, the sampling points are set by a system point distribution method or the distances between the sampling points are equal, a parametric or non-parametric method is used to determine the distribution form that the detection data conforms to and calculate the corresponding UCL value, generally, the UCL at 95% of positions is used, and when the calculated UCL value is greater than the maximum detected concentration of the pollutant, the maximum is used as the exposure concentration value.
6. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the representative cell method in S4 is to determine the range of the cell represented by each sample concentration by methods such as a thieson polygon, and the calculation formula based on the range weighted concentration value is as follows:
in the formula, CexpExposure concentration, weighted based on range, in mg/kg; ciThe concentration of the sample in the ith cell is mg/kg; siIs the area of the ith cell in m2；STIs the total area of the polluted site, and the unit is m2。
7. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the exposure route of the soil pollutants in S5 mainly comprises oral intake, skin contact, soil particle inhalation and soil volatile gas inhalation, wherein the concentrations of the routes of oral intake, skin contact and soil particle inhalation of the pollutants based on morphological transformation can obtain corresponding absorption factors through in vitro or in vivo experiments, and effective concentrations are calculated to serve as the exposure concentrations of the routes, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Cexp-i’＝Cexp×αi
in the formula, Cexp-i' is the exposure concentration of the contaminant i pathway based on morphological transformation in mg/kg; alpha is alphaiIs a contaminant i pathway absorption factor, dimensionless.
8. The method for hierarchically determining the site soil pollutant exposure concentration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, a soil gas test of a display field can be performed on the volatile organic pollutants, the soil gas phase concentration calculated by the phase distribution model is replaced by the actually measured soil gas concentration, the concentration of the path of absorbing the volatile gas in the soil based on morphological transformation is further calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Cexp-v'＝Cgas'×VFsg
in the formula, Cexp-v' concentration based on morphological transformation for inhalation of soil volatile gas pathway, unit is mg/m3；Cgas' is the measured concentration of soil gas in mg/m3；VFsgIs a volatile factor from pollutants in soil gas to air, and has no dimension.
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