CN110889611A - Evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risk of heavy metal polluted site - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of a heavy metal polluted site, and relates to the technical field of accurate evaluation methods for ecological risks of heavy metal polluted sites. The evaluation method of the present invention comprises the steps of: 1. sampling the field and the surrounding contrast soil and determining the heavy metal species, the total concentration and the effective state concentration of the soil; 2. evaluating the selection of an endpoint based on the four evidence chains; 3. selecting an evaluation index and determining or collecting the evaluation index; 4. determining the weight of the index according to a fitting equation or toxicity data; 5. respectively calculating the indexes of each level of chemical exposure risk, biological accumulation risk, ecological toxicology risk and community effect risk; 6. and (4) integrating the hierarchical risk indexes and calculating the site ecological risk indexes. The method adopts multi-level evaluation end points and the combined toxic effect of multiple metals, can determine the reasons and leading factors for generating ecological environment risks, and can accurately reflect the ecological risks of heavy metals in field soil to an ecological system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of risk and effect evaluation of environmental pollution treatment technologies, in particular to an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological environment risks of a polluted site based on four evidence chains of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecological toxicology and community effect.
Background
In recent years, in the processes of urbanization and 'two-in-three' and industrial park entering, industrial transformation and low-end industrial gradient transfer, enterprises in pollution industries such as chemical industry, metallurgy, steel, light industry, mechanical manufacturing and the like leave a large amount of industrial pollution sites due to abandonment or relocation. Roughly counting, the total amount of potential pollution plots generated by industrial activities in China is over 100 ten thousand. The soil in the fields is often polluted by various pollutants such as organic pollutants, heavy metals and the like, the pollution degree is heavy, and the distribution is relatively concentrated; characteristic pollutants vary from place to place and generally comprise pesticides, benzene series, halogenated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum, heavy metals and the like; the depth of the polluted soil layer can reach several meters to dozens of meters, and the underground water is polluted simultaneously. With the change of more and more urban industrial land into public land or residential land for greening, entertainment and the like, the potential soil pollution problem is gradually exposed, and the appearance or potential harm is caused to the living environment quality and the resident health. The urbanization process is promoted, a large number of industrial enterprises are moved, and the pollution problem caused by the abandoned site is solved.
The industrialization of China has a history of large-scale development for more than 60 years, and the process of the industrialization passes through the vigorous development period of nationwide and integrated enterprises, the large development and aggregation development period of rural and urban enterprises, the 'two-in three-out' and the like, and leaves and abandons sites after urban polluted enterprises are moved. The State Council issued 1996 "decisions of the State Council about strengthening a plurality of problems of environmental protection", which obviously band the shut down of fifteen minutes "(including small enterprises with heavy pollution such as small paper making, small tanning, small dye, soil coking, soil sulfur refining, soil arsenic refining, soil mercury refining, soil lead zinc refining, soil oil refining, soil gold dressing, small pesticides, small electroplating, soil method for producing asbestos products, soil method for producing radioactive products, small bleaching and dyeing enterprises and the like), and then proposed the shut down of" New five minutes "(small enterprises with steel making, small power generation, small glass, small coal mines and small cement enterprises).
Therefore, the environment condition of the polluted site is not optimistic, the soil pollution of part of areas is serious, the quality of the soil environment of cultivated land is great, the soil environment problem of the abandoned site of industrial and mining enterprises is prominent, and the groundwater environment is obviously deteriorated. In view of the problems of difficult restoration of polluted sites, long period, and coupling with many water and soil pathogenic problems, biological amplification phenomenon, food chain pollution and the like, more and more environmental and social problems are caused, and the site pollution problem is concerned more and more widely.
The establishment of a site risk evaluation system based on indexes and methods is the basis and precondition for site risk management and control, management and restoration. The existing mature site risk evaluation system is basically based on the total amount of pollutants and mainly comprises two types: the ecological Risk Assessment method is Based on a Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) model in the United states, a continuous Land Exposure Assessment (CELA) model in the United kingdom, the pollution site Risk Assessment technical guide of China and ecological Risk Assessment Based on a three-level method Assessment model of the United states and the European Union. China does not have mature ecological environment risk assessment technical documents of polluted sites. On the other hand, the technical standard specifications of a scientific system are lacked in the aspects of migration and degradation processes of pollutants in soil, underground water and aeration zone multi-media, judgment of human health risk exposure ways, evaluation of model key parameter value localization optimization, geological environment difference and the like, and interaction of site compound pollution characteristics and toxic effects between pollutants is neglected in the evaluation process, so that the problems of uncertainty of conclusion of risk evaluation, easy distortion of evaluation results and the like are brought. The biological effectiveness and biological effect of heavy metals in field soil are proved, and a field soil risk evaluation system based on biological effectiveness and the like is established as the basis and the premise of field risk control, treatment and restoration.
Therefore, how to establish an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of the heavy metal polluted site based on the migration and transformation rules of the heavy metals in the site soil and the toxic effects of the heavy metals on the ecological system from the perspective of the system, so that main influence factors are determined, and targeted measures are taken, thereby having important significance for guaranteeing the ecological safety of the site.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the chemical risk and the ecological effect of the site soil heavy metal combined pollution are influenced by various complex factors such as heavy metal pollution characteristics, biological species and interaction thereof, the invention aims to provide an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating the ecological risk of the heavy metal pollution site based on four evidence chains of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecological toxicology and community effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of heavy metal polluted sites comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting comparison soil samples in a field and around, analyzing the heavy metal types, the total concentration and the effective state concentration of the soil, and determining the soil pollution characteristics;
(2) screening general sensitive organisms and specific sensitive organisms in a site, and selecting appropriate individuals, populations, communities and ecosystem evaluation endpoints based on four evidence chains of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecotoxicology and community effect;
(3) selecting a proper evaluation index system according to the soil pollution characteristics and the evaluation end point;
(4) obtaining a value of an evaluation index by collection or measurement;
(5) respectively weighting the heavy metal indexes according to the fitting equation and the toxicity data, and respectively weighting other indexes according to the fitting equation;
(6) separately calculating the chemical exposure QChemBiological cumulative risk QBAEcological toxicological risk QBMAnd community effect risk QCommRisk indices of four levels;
(7) according to the site characteristics, the risks of four levels are weighted, and a site ecological risk index (Q) is calculatedERA)。
The evaluation index system comprises four primary indexes: index of chemical Exposure IChemBiological accumulation index IBAEcological toxicological index IBMEcosystem index IComm。
Chemical exposure index IChemThe method comprises the following steps: total amount of heavy metals in soil CSTAnd effective state quantity of heavy metal in soil CSETotal amount of heavy metals in groundwater CDT(ii) a At least comprises effective state quantity C of soil heavy metalSE。
The above biological accumulation index IBAThe method comprises the following steps: plant contaminant accumulation BAPSoil animal pollutant accumulation BASAUnderground water animal pollutant accumulation BAUA(ii) a Including at least soil animal contaminant accumulation BASA。
The above ecological toxicological index IBMThe method comprises the following steps: acetylcholinesterase EAAChESuperoxide dismutase Activity EASODPeroxidase activity EACATGlutathione reductase Activity EAGR(ii) a Malondialdehyde content CMDA(ii) a Metallothionein content CMTGlycogen content CGLYSoluble protein content CSP。
The above ecosystem index ICommThe method comprises the following steps: behavioral end point EPBEHEnd of growth EPGROEnd of development EPDEPBioluminescence end point EPBLSEnd of propagation EPREPLethal end point EPMOR。
The method for respectively weighting and calculating the chemical exposure risk, the biological accumulation risk, the ecological toxicological risk and the community effect risk through the indexes can be an improved quotient method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Q isChem、QBA、QBM、QCommIs the risk of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecotoxicology, community effect, IChem、IBA、IBM、ICommIs QChem、QBA、QBM、QCommA first-level index corresponding to the risk; ci,j、BAi,j、BMi,j、EPi,jIs the grading value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; wi,jIs the weight of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; STDi,jIs the standard value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; (cs) and (c) are soil samples from in-field and control soil samples from outside the field.
For four levels of risk (Q)i) Carry out empowerment (W)i) Obtaining a site ecological environment risk comprehensive assessment result QERAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
the weighting method may be entropy weight method, Delphi method, analytic hierarchy method or principal component analysis method.
Obtaining a site ecological environment risk comprehensive assessment result QERAAnd then, determining the reason and the leading factor for generating the ecological environment risk, and proposing a corresponding countermeasure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of site heavy metal combined pollution based on total soil heavy metal amount, morphology, biological effectiveness and biological effect.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments, which are not intended to be limiting but are merely exemplary.
An evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of heavy metal polluted sites comprises the following steps:
step (1): determination of soil heavy metal pollution characteristics
Selecting a certain smelting site (30 degrees 03', 11.95' N,114 degrees 51', 57.20' E) in Hubei, collecting in-site (N3 and N2) and surrounding contrast soil samples (N1), and preliminarily judging the heavy metal concentration N3 of the soil by adopting X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis (XRF)>N2>N1. The soil samples were taken back to the laboratory and 0.25 grams of soil was weighed, treated with HCl, HNO according to national standard methods and procedures3HF and HCLO4Digesting the soil, wherein the digestive solution is used for measuring the total amount of heavy metals; mixing 10 g of soil with 50 ml of mixed solution containing 5 mmol of DTPA and 10 mmol of DTPA, shaking for 3 hours, centrifuging, filtering, and determining the effective state of DTPA heavy metal by using the filtrate. The soil pollution characteristics were determined by analyzing the heavy metal species, total concentration, and available state concentration of the soil using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (table 1).
TABLE 1 Total Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd amounts and effective states and associated physicochemical parameters (mean. + -. standard error)
| Concentration of | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| Zn(mg Kg-1) | 418±15.7 | 817±24.1 | 3623±65.9 |
| Cu(mg Kg-1) | 139±15.5 | 267±19.2 | 1142±51.4 |
| Pb(mg Kg-1) | 45.9±2.54 | 78.6±3.40 | 221±10.2 |
| Cd(mg Kg-1) | 0.194±0.002 | 0.295±0.045 | 0.763±0.057 |
| DTPA-Zn(mg Kg-1) | 50.3±3.35 | 103±3.85 | 393±6.23 |
| DTPA-Cu(mg Kg-1) | 19.6±3.36 | 32.9±4.32 | 128±15.6 |
| DTPA-Pb(mg Kg-1) | 6.50±0.764 | 11.1±1.97 | 36.2±7.15 |
| DTPA-Cd(mg Kg-1) | 0.065±0.007 | 0.095±0.013 | 0.179±0.024 |
| pH | 8.43±0.023 | 8.14±0.030 | 8.49±0.050 |
| Organic matter (%) | 2.29±0.200 | 3.16±0.132 | 2.79±0.121 |
| Available state K (mg Kg)-1) | 293±8.26 | 324±8.84 | 275±4.09 |
| Available P (mg Kg)-1) | 36.1±6.61 | 32.8±2.15 | 28.2±2.05 |
| Total N (%) | 0.087±0.005 | 0.106±0.008 | 0.074±0.010 |
Step (2): determination of evaluation endpoint
The assessment endpoint was determined based on four chains of evidence of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecotoxicology, and community effects. 1) According to the method, the chemical exposure risk of the heavy metal is represented by generally selecting the effective concentration of the heavy metal in the soil through the survey of the soil environment in the field; 2) the heavy metal content of a typical model animal in the soil is selected to represent the accumulated risk of the heavy metal to a biological individual; 3) the reaction of the biomarkers of the model animals to the heavy metals is selected to represent the ecotoxicological risk of the heavy metals to the biological population; 4) and calculating the potential influence ratio of the multiple metals based on the species sensitivity distribution curve of the model animal to the heavy metals to characterize the ecosystem risk of the heavy metals to the biological community. The risk of the heavy metal to an ecosystem is evaluated through the influence of the heavy metal on the soil, individuals, populations and communities.
And (3): selection of evaluation index
The site ecological risk assessment index system based on the four evidence chains is shown in table 2, and at least comprises 5 levels of candidate indexes, wherein 4 (four evidence chains) are provided as primary indexes, 12 are provided as secondary indexes, and 50 are provided as third, fourth and fifth indexes, wherein the ecological toxicology risk and the ecological system indexes are more.
According to the pollution characteristics of the field soil in the step (1) and the principle of the assessment endpoint established in the step (2), indexes are selected from four evidence chains of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecological toxicology and ecosystem to characterize the ecological risk of the field soil in the embodiment. Wherein, DTPA extraction states of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper are selected from the chemical exposure evidence chain to have 4 indexes; 4 indexes of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper contents of model animal muscles are selected from the biological accumulated evidence chain; the ecological toxicology evidence chain selects 8 indexes of acetylcholinesterase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxydase activity, glutathione reductase activity, malondialdehyde content, metallothionein content, glycogen content and soluble protein content of model animals; the ecological system evidence chain selection model animal has 4 indexes of half lethal concentration, half maximal effect concentration or half inhibitory concentration on cadmium, lead, zinc and copper. Earthworms were used as model animals.
TABLE 2 summary of ecological Risk characterization evidence "hierarchical candidate indicators
And (4): data acquisition of selected metrics
1) 4 indexes of DTPA extraction states of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in the chemical exposure evidence chain are obtained from the step (1). The values of the concentrations of DTPA-Cd, DTPA-Cu, DTPA-Pb and DTPA-Zn of the three sample soil N1, N2 and N3 are shown in Table 1.
2) 4 indexes of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper contents of the muscle of the model animal in the biological accumulated evidence chain are obtained through indoor simulation experiments.
Procedure of indoor simulation experiment: 12 beakers of 1 litre were prepared and filled with 600 grams of soil and 12 well-developed earthworms, the soil comprising three treatments N1, N2 and N3, the soil moisture being adjusted to 25% of dry weight, each treatment being repeated four times. Earthworms were purchased from a farm in Beijing and were placed on moist filter paper for 24 hours to empty the stomach contents before being placed in the soil. In the indoor test, the environmental temperature is kept at about 20 ℃, the humidity is kept at 75%, and the room is subjected to 12-hour illumination and 12-hour dark treatment. After 14 and 28 days, earthworms were removed from the soil for heavy metal accumulation and ecotoxicological analysis.
In order to measure the heavy metal accumulation of the earthworms, the earthworms are placed on moist filter paper for 48 hours to empty stomach contents, then 1 to 2 earthworms are placed in a 50 ml beaker which is weighed in advance, dried for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to constant weight, and the beaker is weighed again to calculate the dry weight of the earthworms. Add 15 ml volume ratio 4: 1 HNO3And HCLO4Overnight. The mixture was digested at 120 ℃ for 2 hours, then warmed to 150 ℃ and digestion continued until the solution was nearly clear. Dissolving the digestive juice to 25 ml with distilled water, and analyzing the contents of heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the solution by using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The contents of heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the solution and the dry weight of the earthworms are converted into 4 indexes of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper accumulated in the earthworms.
3) 8 indexes in the ecotoxicological evidence chain are obtained by the indoor simulation experiment. Placing earthworms on moist filter paper for 48 hours to empty stomach contents, then placing the earthworms into a tissue homogenizer, adding ice-cold buffer solution for homogenizing (the weight volume ratio of the earthworm to the buffer solution is 1: 9), centrifuging for 30 minutes at 8000g force of the homogenate, collecting supernate, and analyzing the activity of superoxide dismutase, the activity of acetylcholinesterase, the activity of hydrogen peroxide, the activity of glutathione reductase, the content of malondialdehyde and the content of soluble protein. Composition of the buffer: 0.01 mol of Tris-HCl, 0.1 mmol of EDTA-2Na, 0.01 mol of sucrose, 0.8% of NaCL, and a pH value of 7.4.
The other empty earthworm was placed in a tissue homogenizer, ice-cold buffer was added for homogenization (earthworm: buffer 1: 5, weight to volume ratio), centrifugation was carried out at 8000g for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was collected and analyzed for metallothionein content. Composition of the buffer: 0.025 mol Tris-HCL, pH 7.4, 0.1 mmol phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.5 mmol dithiothreitol.
Frozen phosphate buffer was used for glycogen analysis, and the procedures were homogenized, centrifuged, and filtered as above.
4) Ecosystem evidence chain 4 indicators were obtained by collecting toxicity data of larvae and invertebrates in the USEPA aqueous database. Toxicity data include the semi-lethal, semi-maximal or semi-inhibitory concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, copper in the animal. The respective mean values are used when there are multiple toxicity data for a semilethal concentration, a semimaximal effective concentration or a semiinhibitory concentration, and the minimum values are used when there are multiple semilethal concentrations, semimaximal effective concentrations or semiinhibitory concentrations for the same organism.
Index empowerment
Common methods for determining the weights of the indices include entropy weight, Delphi, analytic hierarchy or principal component analysis.
1) And respectively weighting heavy metal indexes according to a fitting equation and toxicity data, wherein 4 heavy metal indexes in a chemical exposure evidence chain and 4 heavy metal indexes in a biological accumulation evidence chain are provided, the weight of heavy metals Zn and Cu is 1, and the weight of Pb and Cd is 1.2.
2) And respectively weighting other indexes according to a fitting equation, wherein the weights of the acetylcholinesterase activity and the malondialdehyde content in 8 indexes in the ecotoxicological evidence chain are 1.5 and 1.2, and the weights of the other indexes are 1.
3) Chemical exposure risk QChemEcological toxicological risk QBMHas a weight of 1, a bio-accumulation risk QBAAnd group effect risk QCommIs 1.2.
Calculating four-level risk index
Respectively computerizationChemical exposure risk QChemBiological cumulative risk QBAEcological toxicological risk QBMAnd community effect risk QCommRisk indices of four levels;
wherein Q isChem、QBA、QBM、QCommIs the risk of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecotoxicology, community effect, IChem、IBA、IBM、ICommIs QChem、QBA、QBM、QCommA first-level index corresponding to the risk; ci,j、BAi,j、BMi,j、EPi,jIs the grading value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; wi,jIs the weight of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; STDi,jIs the standard value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; (cs) and (c) are soil samples from in-field and control soil samples from outside the field.
For Q, when considering actual field applicationChemAnd QBA，
Or
Or
As similar parameters (RTR), in different value intervals, different optimization considerations are given, wherein the% indexRTRRepresents the proportion of the parameters at a certain risk to all the evaluation parameters:
QChemor QBA(% index)RTR<1.3X 1) + (% index1.3≤RTR<2.6X 3) + (% index2.6≤RTR<6.5X 9) + (% index6.5≤RTR<13X 27) + (% index13≤RTR×81)
QBMOr QComm(% index)RTR<0.7X 0.7) + (% index0.7≤RTR<1X 1) + (% index1≤RTR<2X 2) + (% index2≤RTR<3X 4) + (% index3≤RTR×8)
Calculating a site ecological risk index QERA
According to the site characteristics, the risks of four levels are weighted, and a site ecological risk index Q is calculatedERA. First, for QChem、QBA、QChemAnd QBAAnd (3) carrying out normalization treatment:
Qn＝(Q-Qmin)/(Qmax-Qmin)
QERA＝∑Qnx weight/sigma weight.
The risk ratings of RTR and HQ and the overall index EnvRI for the four chains of evidence (soil chemistry, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicology and community effects) are given in table 3.
TABLE 3 RTR and HQ of the four evidence chains (soil chemistry, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicology and community effects) and the comprehensive index QERARisk ranking of
| Risk rating | Can be ignored | Light and slight | Mild degree of | Of moderate degree | Severe degree |
| RTRw-chemical exposure/biological accumulation | <1.3 | 1.3to<2.6 | 2.6to<6.5 | 6.5to<13 | ≥13 |
| RTRw-ecological toxicology | <0.7 | 0.7to<1 | 1to<2 | 2to<3 | ≥3 |
| QChemical exposure/biological accumulation | <100 | 100to<300 | 300to<900 | 900to<2700 | 2700to8100 |
| QEcological toxicology | <70 | 70to<100 | 100to<200 | 200to<400 | 400to800 |
| QColony effect | 0 | 0to<30 | 30to<70 | 70to<100 | 100 |
| QERA | <10 | 10to<25 | 25to<45 | 45to<70 | 70to100 |
The ecological risks of site sampling points N2 and N3 through the above steps and methods are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 calculation of ecological risks in a smelting site
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An evidence weight method for accurately evaluating ecological risks of heavy metal polluted sites is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting comparison soil samples in a field and around, analyzing the heavy metal types, the total concentration and the effective state concentration of the soil, and determining the soil pollution characteristics;
(2) screening general sensitive organisms and specific sensitive organisms in a site, and selecting appropriate individuals, populations, communities and ecosystem evaluation endpoints based on four evidence chains of chemical exposure, biological accumulation, ecotoxicology and community effect;
(3) selecting a proper evaluation index system according to the soil pollution characteristics and the evaluation end point;
(4) obtaining a value of an evaluation index by collection or measurement;
(5) respectively weighting the heavy metal indexes according to the fitting equation and the toxicity data, and respectively weighting other indexes according to the fitting equation;
(6) separately calculating the chemical exposure QChemBiological cumulative risk QBAEcological toxicological risk QBMAnd community effect risk QCommRisk indices of four levels;
(7) according to the site characteristics, the risks of four levels are weighted, and a site ecological risk index Q is calculatedERA。
2. The evidence weighting method for accurately evaluating the ecological risk of the heavy metal polluted site according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation index system of the step (3) comprises four primary indexes: index of chemical Exposure IChemBiological accumulation index IBAEcological toxicological index IBMAnd ecosystem index IComm。
3. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of a heavy metal contaminated site as claimed in claim 2, wherein the chemical exposure index IChemThe method comprises the following two-level indexes: total amount of heavy metals in soil CSTAnd effective state quantity of heavy metal in soil CSEAnd total amount of heavy metals in groundwater CDT。
4. Accurate assessment according to claim 2The evidence weight method for estimating the ecological risk of the heavy metal polluted site is characterized in that the biological accumulation index IBAThe method comprises the following two-level indexes: plant contaminant accumulation BAPSoil animal pollutant accumulation BASAAnd groundwater animal pollutants accumulation BAUA。
5. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of a heavy metal contaminated site as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ecological toxicological index IBMThe method comprises the following two-level indexes: acetylcholinesterase EAAChESuperoxide dismutase Activity EASODPeroxidase activity EACATGlutathione reductase Activity EAGR(ii) a Malondialdehyde content CMDA(ii) a Metallothionein content CMTAnd glycogen content CGLY。
6. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of a heavy metal contaminated site as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ecosystem index ICommThe method comprises the following two-level indexes: behavioral end point EPBEHEnd of growth EPGROEnd of development EPDEPBioluminescence end point EPBLSEnd of propagation EPREPAnd lethal end point EPMOR。
7. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of the heavy metal contaminated site as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for respectively weighting and calculating the chemical exposure risk, the biological accumulation risk, the ecological toxicological risk and the ecosystem risk through the indexes in the step (6) can be an improved quotient method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Q isChem、QBA、QBM、QCommIs chemical exposure risk, biological accumulation risk, ecotoxicological risk, community effect, IChem、IBA、IBM、ICommIs QChem、QBA、QBM、QCommA first-level index corresponding to the risk; ci,j、BAi,j、BMi,j、EPi,jIs the grading value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; wi,jIs the weight of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; STDi,jIs the standard value of a certain secondary index of a certain pollutant; (cs) and (c) are soil samples from in-field and control soil samples from outside the field.
8. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of a heavy metal contaminated site according to claim 1, wherein the risk Q of step (7) is four levelsiCarry out the empowerment WiObtaining a site ecological environment risk comprehensive assessment result QERAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
9. the evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of the heavy metal contaminated site according to claim 1, wherein the weighting method of the step (5) is entropy weight method, Delphi method, analytic hierarchy method or principal component analysis method.
10. The evidence weighting method for precisely assessing the ecological risk of a heavy metal contaminated site as claimed in claim 8, wherein the evidence weighting method is characterized in thatAnd obtaining a site ecological environment risk comprehensive evaluation result QERAAnd then, determining the reason and the leading factor for generating the ecological environment risk, and proposing a corresponding countermeasure.
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