CN113176334B - Ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113176334B CN113176334B CN202110442353.7A CN202110442353A CN113176334B CN 113176334 B CN113176334 B CN 113176334B CN 202110442353 A CN202110442353 A CN 202110442353A CN 113176334 B CN113176334 B CN 113176334B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and a method thereof, wherein the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system comprises a radio frequency transceiver device which is connected with an oscilloscope and used for generating a radio frequency signal and transmitting a new feedback signal from a filter device to the oscilloscope; the filtering device is connected with the radio frequency transceiving device and used for filtering signals from the radio frequency transceiving device and transmitting the signals to the self-sending and self-receiving device, and the filtering device is also used for filtering feedback signals after a piece to be tested is detected and filtering the feedback signals to generate new feedback signals and transmitting the new feedback signals to the radio frequency transceiving device; the self-transmitting and self-receiving device is connected with the filtering device and the ultrasonic transducer and is used for isolating the excitation signal and the new feedback signal; and the ultrasonic transducer is used for acquiring a feedback signal after detecting the piece to be tested and feeding the feedback signal back to the self-generating and self-receiving device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial detection, in particular to an ultrasonic nondestructive detection system and method.
Background
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing techniques have been widely used in the field of industrial testing since their non-destructive properties on the object to be tested have been developed. The existing ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is mainly to evaluate the damage of sample materials by using a harmonic method or a frequency mixing technology. However, harmonic or sum-and-difference signals obtained by the harmonic method or mixing technique are difficult to observe intuitively, and the measurement conditions are greatly limited as the propagation distance is attenuated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and method, which are used for solving the problem that measurement data are difficult to obtain due to the utilization of a harmonic method or a frequency mixing technology in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides an ultrasonic nondestructive testing system which comprises a radio frequency transceiver, wherein the output end of the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the input end of an oscilloscope, so as to generate a radio frequency signal and transmit a new feedback signal from a filter device to the oscilloscope; the filtering device is connected with the radio frequency transceiving device and is used for filtering signals from the radio frequency transceiving device and transmitting detection signals generated after filtering to the self-transmitting and self-receiving device, and filtering feedback signals from the self-receiving and self-receiving device and transmitting new feedback signals generated after filtering the feedback signals to the radio frequency transceiving device; the self-transmitting and self-receiving device is connected with the filtering device and the ultrasonic transducer and is used for isolating an excitation signal and a new feedback signal; and the ultrasonic transducer is used for acquiring the feedback signal after detecting the piece to be tested and feeding the feedback signal back to the self-transmitting and self-receiving device.
Optionally, the filtering device includes a high-pass filter, the high-pass filter is used for filtering a low-frequency signal to generate a detection signal, an input end of the high-pass filter is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, an output end of the high-pass filter is connected to the duplexer, the radio frequency signal enters the high-pass filter through the input end of the high-pass filter, and the detection signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the duplexer through the output end of the high-pass filter.
Optionally, the filtering apparatus further includes a low-pass filter, the low-pass filter is configured to filter a high-frequency signal to generate a new feedback signal, and an input end of the low-pass filter is connected to the duplexer, an output end of the low-pass filter is connected to the radio frequency transceiving apparatus, the feedback signal enters the low-pass filter through an input end of the low-pass filter, and the new feedback signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the radio frequency transceiving apparatus through an output end of the low-pass filter.
Optionally, the self-sending and self-receiving device includes a duplexer, the duplexer is configured to isolate the detection signal from the new feedback signal, the duplexer includes a detection signal input terminal, a detection signal output terminal, a feedback signal input terminal, and a feedback signal output terminal, the detection signal input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the high-pass filter, the feedback signal output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the low-pass filter, and both the detection signal output terminal and the feedback signal input terminal are connected to the ultrasonic transducer.
Optionally, the system further includes a computer, the computer is connected to the rf transceiver, and is configured to issue an ultrasonic generation instruction to the rf transceiver and store the new feedback signal.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention also provides an ultrasonic nondestructive testing method, which is based on the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and comprises the following testing steps:
s1: generating a radio frequency signal by the radio frequency transceiving device;
s2: transmitting the radio frequency signal to a high-pass filter for filtering, filtering a low-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal, and simultaneously reserving a high-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal to generate a detection signal;
s3: transmitting the detection signal to the ultrasonic transducer via a duplexer;
s4: and smearing an ultrasonic couplant on the to-be-tested part, coupling the ultrasonic couplant with the ultrasonic couplant through the ultrasonic transducer to perform nondestructive testing on the to-be-tested part, and generating a feedback signal.
Optionally, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method further comprises the following signal feedback steps:
s5: transmitting the feedback signal to a low-pass filter for filtering via a duplexer, filtering a high-frequency signal of the feedback signal, and simultaneously reserving a low-frequency signal of the feedback signal to generate the new feedback signal;
s6: transmitting the new feedback signal to the radio frequency transceiver;
s7: extracting a static component in the new feedback signal through the radio frequency transceiver, and transmitting the static component to the oscilloscope and the computer;
s8: and displaying the amplitude change of the static component through the oscilloscope, and storing and processing the data of the static component through the computer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the existence of the filtering device can ensure that only the signal frequency required by the piece to be tested enters the piece to be tested, and can filter a new feedback signal fed back to the radio frequency transceiving device;
2. and after the new feedback signal enters the radio frequency transceiver, the ultrasonic transceiver acquires a static component from the new feedback signal, and different damage degrees of the piece to be tested are evaluated based on different amplitudes of the static component in samples with different fatigue degrees.
3. The existence of the self-transmitting and self-receiving device can ensure that only the excitation radio frequency signal is transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer in the detection process, and only the feedback signal is transmitted to the filtering device in the feedback process, thereby realizing the purpose of isolating the excitation signal and the feedback signal;
4. the ultrasonic transducer is mainly used for transmitting out a radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency transceiver, and the ultrasonic transducer is matched with an ultrasonic coupling agent coated on a piece to be tested to ensure that the radio frequency signal enters the piece to be tested to the maximum extent, so that a feedback signal is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic nondestructive testing system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the ultrasonic nondestructive detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic feedback process diagram of the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-SNAP 5000 system; 2-a high-pass filter; 3-a low-pass filter; 4-a duplexer; 5-an ultrasonic transducer; 6-a piece to be tested; 7-an oscilloscope; 8, a computer.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides an ultrasonic nondestructive testing system, which comprises a radio frequency transceiver, an oscilloscope 7 and a control unit, wherein the output end of the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope 7 and is used for generating a radio frequency signal and transmitting a new feedback signal from a filter device to the oscilloscope 7; the filtering device is used for filtering a signal from the radio frequency transceiving device and transmitting a detection signal generated after filtering to the self-transmitting and self-receiving device, and filtering a feedback signal from the self-receiving and self-receiving device and transmitting a new feedback signal generated after filtering the feedback signal to the radio frequency transceiving device; the self-transmitting and self-receiving device is connected with the filtering device and the ultrasonic transducer 5 and is used for isolating the excitation signal and the new feedback signal; and the ultrasonic transducer 5 is used for acquiring the feedback signal after detecting the piece to be tested 6 and feeding the feedback signal back to the self-transmitting and self-receiving device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, namely, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the filtering device is arranged, so that only the signal frequency required by the piece to be tested 6 can enter the piece to be tested 6, meanwhile, the new feedback signal fed back to the radio frequency transceiver can be filtered, after the new feedback signal enters the radio frequency transceiver, the ultrasonic manipulation device extracts the static component from the new feedback signal, and different damage degrees of the piece to be tested 6 are evaluated based on different amplitudes of the static component in samples with different fatigue degrees. The existence of the self-transmitting and self-receiving device can ensure that only radio frequency signals are transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer 5 in the detection process, and only feedback signals are transmitted to the filtering device in the feedback process, so that the purposes of isolating excitation signals and feedback are achieved; the ultrasonic transducer 5 is mainly used for outputting a signal with a wider frequency generated by the radio frequency transceiver to a signal with a narrower frequency band, and the signal is matched with the ultrasonic coupling agent coated on the piece to be tested 6 to ensure that the radio frequency signal enters the piece to be tested 6 to the maximum extent, so that a feedback signal is obtained.
The radio frequency transceiver of the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system provided by the invention adopts the SNAP 5000 system 1.
In addition, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system provided by the invention is designed on the basis of the following formula:
the kinetic equation for one-dimensional propagation of sound waves in a homogeneous isotropic elastic medium can be expressed as:
σ ,x ＝ρu ,tt (1)
σ＝Eε (2)
ε＝u ,x (3)
in the formula, variables sigma, epsilon and u are stress, strain and displacement respectively; ρ and E are mass density and Young's modulus; x and t after comma denote the space or time derivative, respectively.
Combining the above equations to obtain the Navier equation with the displacement field as the variable:
u ,tt ＝c 2 u ,xx (4)
the simple harmonic solution of the wave equation is:
u＝A 1 sin(kx-ωt)+B 1 cos(kx-ωt) (5)
in the formula, c 2 = E/ρ is the square of the longitudinal wave velocity, ω = ck is the angular frequency, and k is the wave number. The above is the wave-fossori equation solution to the linear problem. However, for non-linear problems, the stress-strain relationship is:
where β is the provincial non-linear parameter of the material. Due to material nonlinearity, the one-dimensional wave equation also becomes nonlinear:
u ,tt ＝c 2 (1+βu ,x )u ,xx (7)
taking the given displacement boundary condition as an example, the total displacement under the displacement boundary condition can be expressed as:
where β is a material acoustic nonlinearity parameter, ω is an angular frequency, c is a bulk wave velocity, x is a fundamental propagation distance, U is an incident wave amplitude, t is time, P (t) = H (t) H (τ -t), H (t) is a step function, U is a linear function, and D (x, t) is the total displacement under the displacement boundary condition, and the third term at the right end in the formula (8)
Is the static component amplitude.
Taking the example of a given stress boundary condition, the total displacement under the stress boundary condition can be expressed as:
as can be seen from equations (8) and (9), the magnitude of the static component is proportional to the square of the fundamental magnitude and frequency. It can be seen that the value of the static component is the same as the amplitude of the static component in the formula (8), and the difference is only a negative sign, and the physical meaning of the negative sign is that the two are opposite. It is worth noting that the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β of the material changes when the material is subjected to fatigue loading. Accordingly, the material damage degree can be evaluated according to the static component amplitude change. The fundamental amplitude and frequency can be optionally adjusted to better detect static components.
Optionally, the filtering device includes a high-pass filter 2, the high-pass filter 2 is configured to filter a low-frequency signal to generate a detection signal, and an input end of the high-pass filter 2 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, an output end of the high-pass filter 2 is connected to the duplexer, the radio frequency signal enters the high-pass filter 2 through the input end of the high-pass filter 2, and the detection signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the duplexer through the output end of the high-pass filter 2. The presence of the high-pass filter 2 enables the detection signal generated by the radiofrequency transceiver device to be filtered, ensuring that only high-frequency signals, which are the signal frequency band required to be able to detect the piece to be tested, can be transmitted to the ultrasound transducer 5.
Besides, optionally, in the feedback process, since a static component needs to be obtained, a high-frequency signal needs to be filtered out, and a low-frequency signal remains, the filtering apparatus is designed to further include a low-pass filter 3, the low-pass filter 3 is configured to filter the high-frequency signal to generate a new feedback signal, and an output end of the low-pass filter 3 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver, the feedback signal enters the low-pass filter 3 through an input end thereof, and the new feedback signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver through an output end of the low-pass filter 3.
Optionally, the self-transmitting and self-receiving apparatus includes a duplexer 4, the duplexer 4 is configured to isolate the detection signal from the new feedback signal, the duplexer 4 includes a detection signal input terminal, a detection signal output terminal, a feedback signal input terminal, and a feedback signal output terminal, the detection signal input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the high-pass filter 2, the feedback signal output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the low-pass filter 3, and both the detection signal output terminal and the feedback signal input terminal are connected to the ultrasonic transducer 5. Of course, the self-sending and self-receiving device may be other devices, and the present invention is not particularly limited so as to implement the function of isolating signals.
Optionally, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system further includes a computer 8, and the computer 8 is connected to the radio frequency transceiver for issuing an ultrasonic generation instruction to the radio frequency transceiver and storing the new feedback signal.
The ultrasonic nondestructive testing system provided by the invention has the following working principle:
in the detection process, the computer 8 sends out a radio frequency signal generation instruction, the radio frequency transceiver generates a radio frequency signal after receiving the instruction and outputs the radio frequency signal to the high-pass filter 2, the high-pass filter 2 filters out a low-frequency signal, a reserved high-frequency signal is transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer 5 through the duplexer 4, and the ultrasonic transducer 5 is coupled with an ultrasonic coupling agent coated on the surface of the piece to be tested 6, so that the radio frequency signal enters the piece to be tested 6 and then generates a feedback signal.
In the feedback process, a feedback signal is output to the low-pass filter 3 through the duplexer 4 by the ultrasonic transducer 5, the low-pass filter 3 filters the feedback signal, high-frequency signals are filtered, low-frequency signals are reserved and transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, the static component processed by the radio frequency transceiver is simultaneously transmitted to the oscilloscope 7 and the computer 8, the oscilloscope 7 displays the signal, and the computer 8 stores the signal and extracts the static component.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention further provides an ultrasonic nondestructive testing method based on the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system, as shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method includes the following testing steps:
s1: generating a radio frequency signal by the radio frequency transceiver;
s2: transmitting the radio frequency signal to a high-pass filter 2 for filtering, filtering a low-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal, and simultaneously reserving a high-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal to generate a detection signal;
specifically, the radio frequency signal enters the high-pass filter 2 through the input end of the high-pass filter 2, the high-pass filter 2 performs filtering operation on the radio frequency signal, filters out low-frequency signals, and retains high-frequency signals required for detection to generate a detection signal.
S3: transmitting the detection signal to the ultrasonic transducer 5 via a duplexer 4; specifically, the detection signal enters the duplexer 4 through a detection signal input end of the duplexer 4, and enters the ultrasonic transducer 5 after being output from the duplexer 4 through a detection signal output end.
S4: and smearing an ultrasonic coupling agent on the piece to be tested 6, and coupling the ultrasonic transducer 5 with the ultrasonic coupling agent to carry out nondestructive testing on the piece to be tested 6 and generate a feedback signal.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method further includes the following signal feedback steps:
s5: transmitting the feedback signal to a low-pass filter 3 via a duplexer 4 for filtering, filtering a high-frequency signal of the feedback signal, while preserving a low-frequency signal of the feedback signal to generate the new feedback signal;
specifically, the feedback signal enters the duplexer 4 through the feedback signal input end of the duplexer 4, and then enters the low-pass filter 3 through the input end of the low-pass filter 3 after being output through the feedback signal output end of the duplexer 4, and the low-pass filter 3 performs filtering operation on the feedback signal, filters out a high-frequency signal, and retains a low-frequency signal to generate a new feedback signal.
S6: transmitting the new feedback signal to the radio frequency transceiver;
s7: extracting a static component in the new feedback signal through the radio frequency transceiver, and transmitting the static component to the oscilloscope 7 and the computer 8;
s8: and displaying the amplitude change of the static component through the oscilloscope 7, and storing and processing the static component data by the computer 8.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. An ultrasonic non-destructive inspection system, comprising:
the output end of the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the input end of the oscilloscope (7) and used for generating a radio frequency signal and transmitting a new feedback signal from the filtering device to the oscilloscope (7);
the filtering device is connected with the radio frequency transceiving device and is used for filtering signals from the radio frequency transceiving device and transmitting detection signals generated after filtering to the self-transmitting and self-receiving device, and filtering feedback signals from the self-receiving and self-receiving device and transmitting new feedback signals generated after filtering the feedback signals to the radio frequency transceiving device;
a self-transmitting and self-receiving device, wherein the self-transmitting and self-receiving device is connected with the filtering device and the ultrasonic transducer (5) and is used for isolating a detection signal and a new feedback signal, the self-transmitting and self-receiving device comprises a duplexer (4), and the duplexer (4) is used for isolating the detection signal and the new feedback signal;
the ultrasonic transducer (5), after said ultrasonic transducer (5) is used for detecting the test piece (6) to be tested, obtain the said feedback signal, and feedback the said feedback signal to the said spontaneous receiving device;
the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system is designed on the basis of the following formula:
the kinetic equation for one-dimensional propagation of sound waves in a homogeneous isotropic elastic medium can be expressed as:
in the formula, variable
，
And
stress, strain and displacement, respectively;
andEmass density and young's modulus; behind a commaxAndtrepresenting a space or time derivative, respectively;
combining the above equations to obtain the Navier equation with the displacement field as the variable:
the simple harmonic solution of the wave equation is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the square of the velocity of the longitudinal wave,
is the angular frequency of the wave to be transmitted,kis the wave number; the above is the wave equation solution of the linearity problem; however, for non-linear problems, the stress-strain relationship is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is an acoustic nonlinear parameter of a material, due to material nonlinearity, the one-dimensional wave equation also becomes nonlinear:
taking the given displacement boundary condition as an example, the total displacement under the displacement boundary condition can be expressed as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is a parameter of the acoustic non-linearity of the material,
is the angular frequency of the wave to be transmitted,cis the wave velocity of the body wave,
is the distance of propagation of the fundamental wave,Uis the amplitude of the incident wave,tis the time of day or the like,
is a function of the number of steps,
is the total displacement under the displacement boundary condition,
is the static component amplitude.
2. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing system according to claim 1, wherein the filtering means comprises a high pass filter (2), the high pass filter (2) is used for filtering a low frequency signal to generate a testing signal, and an input terminal of the high pass filter (2) is connected to the radio frequency transceiving means, an output terminal thereof is connected to the duplexer (4), the radio frequency signal enters the high pass filter (2) through an input terminal of the high pass filter (2), and the testing signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the self-receiving/transmitting means through an output terminal thereof.
3. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing system according to claim 2, wherein the filtering means further comprises a low-pass filter (3), the low-pass filter (3) is used for filtering a high-frequency signal to generate a new feedback signal, and an input terminal of the low-pass filter (3) is connected to the duplexer, an output terminal thereof is connected to the rf transceiver, the feedback signal enters the low-pass filter (3) through an input terminal of the low-pass filter (3), and the new feedback signal generated after filtering is transmitted to the rf transceiver through the output terminal thereof.
4. The ultrasonic non-destructive testing system according to claim 3, wherein said duplexer (4) comprises a test signal input connected to the output of said high-pass filter (2), a test signal output connected to the input of said low-pass filter (3), a feedback signal input connected to said ultrasonic transducer (5), and a feedback signal output.
5. The nondestructive testing system of any of claims 1-4 further comprising a computer (8), wherein the computer (8) is connected to the radio frequency transceiver for issuing ultrasonic generation instructions to the radio frequency transceiver and storing the new feedback signal.
6. An ultrasonic non-destructive testing method, characterized in that the ultrasonic non-destructive testing method is based on the ultrasonic non-destructive testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following testing steps:
s1: generating a radio frequency signal by the radio frequency transceiving device;
s2: transmitting the radio frequency signal to a high-pass filter (2) for filtering, filtering a low-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal, and simultaneously reserving a high-frequency signal of the radio frequency signal to generate a detection signal;
s3: -transmitting the detection signal to the ultrasonic transducer via a duplexer (4);
s4: and smearing an ultrasonic couplant on the piece to be tested (6), coupling the ultrasonic couplant with the ultrasonic couplant through the ultrasonic transducer (5) to perform nondestructive testing on the piece to be tested (6), and generating a feedback signal.
7. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing method according to claim 6, further comprising the following signal feedback step:
s5: transmitting the feedback signal to a low-pass filter (3) via a duplexer (4) for filtering, filtering a high-frequency signal of the feedback signal, while preserving a low-frequency signal of the feedback signal to generate the new feedback signal;
s6: transmitting the new feedback signal to the radio frequency transceiver;
s7: receiving the static component in the new feedback signal through the radio frequency transceiver, and transmitting the static component to the oscilloscope (7) and the computer (8);
s8: and displaying the amplitude change of the static component through the oscilloscope (7), and storing and processing the static component data through the computer (8).
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