CN101813667A - Method for detecting early-stage mechanical property degradation of material by utilizing nolinear rayleigh wave - Google Patents
Method for detecting early-stage mechanical property degradation of material by utilizing nolinear rayleigh wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101813667A CN101813667A CN 201010152436 CN201010152436A CN101813667A CN 101813667 A CN101813667 A CN 101813667A CN 201010152436 CN201010152436 CN 201010152436 CN 201010152436 A CN201010152436 A CN 201010152436A CN 101813667 A CN101813667 A CN 101813667A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting early-stage mechanical property degradation of a material by utilizing nolinear rayleigh wave, belonging to the field of nondestructive testing. The invention comprises the following steps: inputting frequency, periodicity and other parameters of a selected transmission signal to a signal generator to generate a required single sound signal, and determining the incident angle theta of the transmission signal according to the wave speed of a piece to be tested; collecting a non-linear Rayleigh wave signal in equal time intervals in the stretching or fatigue loading process of the piece to be tested; and carrying out Fourier transform to obtain basic wave amplitude and secondary harmonic amplitude, computing the ultrasound non-linear coefficient beta, and knowing the early-stage mechanical property degradation of the piece to be tested according to beta. In the invention, a sensor is directly arranged at the edge of the piece to be tested to transmit and receive Rayleigh wave to improve the excitation and receiving efficiencies of the signal and decrease the non-linear influence brought by the coupling of the sensor and the piece to be tested; and both the excitation and the receiving adopt the piezoelectric sensor, thus being more applicable to engineering actual situation, and realizing continuous on-line detection on the piece to be tested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the early stage mechanical property degradation of non-linear R wave Non-Destructive Testing metal material, belong to the Non-Destructive Testing field.
Background technology
Component of machine produces mechanical property degradation owing to bearing stretching, compression or alternate load for a long time, and it is a kind of very general phenomenon that final fracture lost efficacy.The metallic element mechanical property degradation mainly is divided into three phases on microcosmic: increase and the nucleation of micro-crack of a large amount of generations of dislocation and the formation of resident slip band, slip band grown up, the generation of macroscopic cracking and last fracture failure.For the good structural detail of design, first and second stages generally accounted for 60%～80% of metallic element whole fatigue lifetime.What therefore, effective detection of the early stage mechanical property degradation of development metal material and evaluation means just showed is very important.The linear physical parameters such as time-histories, the velocity of sound and decay that existing ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques is utilized ripple can test material in the existence and the distribution of macroscopic cracking.But above-mentioned linear physical parameter is very insensitive to the early stage mechanical property degradation of material that occurs before the macroscopic cracking.
Nonlinear effect when the non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method utilizes sound wave to propagate in metal material (wave form distortion, harmonic wave generation etc.) can detect the early stage mechanical property degradation of material.Mostly present research is to utilize the non-linear ultrasound non-linear coefficient of measuring material of compressional wave, can't the mechanical property degradation of plate structure be detected.In addition, because the nonlinear factor β of exosyndrome material nonlinear effect size is very little, is easy to the non-linear institute that detected instrument etc. brings and floods.Therefore, the research of Device for measuring and detection method remains one of main direction of non-linear ultrasonic Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement research.At the problems referred to above, a kind of method of utilizing non-linear R wave to detect the early stage mechanical property degradation of metal material is proposed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method of utilizing R wave to detect the metal material mechanics performance degradation, particularly at the lossless detection method of the early stage mechanical property degradation of metal plate structure.This method can be under the situation of not destroying tested parts, utilization is directly installed on emission sensor the R wave of the edge-emission single-frequency of test specimen, with centre frequency is that the another side that the receiving sensor of two times of emission sensor is directly installed on test specimen receives the R wave signal, the R wave signal that receives is carried out obtaining after the Fourier transform ultrasound non-linear coefficient of material, by the analysis of ultrasound non-linear coefficient being understood the situation that material mechanical performance is degenerated.
The R wave of utilizing that the present invention proposes detects the method for the early stage mechanical property degradation of metal material, and its ultimate principle is:
Because solid dielectric non-linear, the sinusoidal ultrasound wave of single-frequency will and solid dielectric between produce nonlinear interaction, thereby produce higher hamonic wave, the nonlinear effect that nonlinear factor β can exosyndrome material is defined as:
Wherein k=ω/c is a wave number, and ω is an angular frequency, and c is a velocity of wave, A
1And A
2Be respectively first-harmonic and secondary harmonic amplitude, x is the distance that ripple is propagated.For given frequency and sample length,, just can determine the ultrasound non-linear coefficient of material by measurement to first-harmonic and secondary harmonic amplitude.The non-linear microdefects such as dislocation, crystal zone slippage that mainly come from of metal material.The different fatigue degree of injury has different microdefect configurations, and the size of nonlinear factor is also different, thereby understands the early stage mechanical property degradation situation of material by nonlinear factor.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme.As shown in Figure 1, application is with lower device, this device by signal generator, power amplifier, high energy low-pass filter connect successively, high energy low-pass filter one tunnel connects attenuator, another road connects test specimen, installation emission sensor respectively and receiving sensor at the test specimen two ends, attenuator is connected oscillograph with receiving sensor, and oscillograph connects computing machine;
The function of each several part is as follows:
Signal generator 1 can generate the sine pulse signal automatically according to the test specimen parameter of input and signal frequency, periodicity and the amplitude of selection.Power amplifier 2 amplifies the waveform that signal generator 1 is produced.The function of high energy low-pass filter 3 then is the high-frequency harmonic signal more than the 6MHz that filtering is produced by power amplifier 2 radio frequency doors in testing process.Being amplified to high voltage between the 280V-320V transmits and reaches emission sensor 5 by concentric cable one road, one road signal as monitor signal input oscillograph 7, can be controlled the amplitude of input emission sensor signal through attenuator 4 decay backs by monitor signal.Transmit by emission sensor 5 and to be coupled into test specimen.The receiving sensor 6 that is installed in opposite side detects by the test specimen surface propagates the Rayleigh surface wave signal of coming, and gives oscillograph 7 and show and preserve.
In order to launch the strongest signal, the centre frequency of emission sensor 5 is consistent with emission signal frequency.In order to receive the strongest second harmonic signal, the centre frequency of receiving sensor 7 is 2 times of emission sensor 5 centre frequencies.Emission sensor 5, receiving sensor 6 contact with test specimen by couplant.
In order in test specimen, effectively to launch R wave, according to Snell law, c
1Sin θ
2=c
2Sin θ
1, c wherein
1Be the velocity of wave of incident material, c
2Be test specimen material velocity of wave, θ
1Be incident angle, θ
2Be the refraction angle, as incident angle θ
1When reaching second critical angle, the emission R wave is most effective in test specimen.
Oscillograph 7 is reception, demonstration and processing of being responsible for signal with computing machine 8.Handle by 8 pairs of non-linear ultrasonic signal of computing machine, calculate the ultrasound non-linear factor beta, and understand the early stage mechanical property degradation situation of test specimen according to β.
The method of utilizing the early stage mechanical property degradation of non-linear R wave Non-Destructive Testing metal material that the present invention proposes is carried out according to the following steps:
1) input parameter signal generators such as selected emission signal frequency, periodicity 1 is generated required single audio frequency signal.According to the velocity of wave of the test specimen incident angle θ that determines to transmit.According to selected incident angle θ, assembling transmits and receives sensor.
2) stretch to test specimen or tired the loading, make test specimen produce mechanical property degradation.In the process that test specimen stretches or fatigue loads, constant duration is gathered non-linear R wave signal.
It is as follows to gather non-linear R wave signal concrete steps:
By signal generator 1 produce the single audio frequency ultrasonic signal be sent to after power amplifier 2 amplifies, by the 6MHz above high-frequency harmonic signal of high energy low-pass filter 3 filterings by the power amplifier generation, this signal one road is reached attenuator 4 then, the signal that provides according to attenuator 4, the conditioning signal generator makes driving emission sensor signal peak peak value reach 300V, and keeps stable in experiment.Another road is transferred to emission sensor 5, launches R wave in test specimen.The receiving sensor 6 that symmetry is installed in opposite side is gathered by test specimen and is propagated the R wave signal of coming, and gives oscillograph 7 and show and preserve.The signal that utilizes 8 pairs of oscillographs of computing machine 7 to preserve carries out Fourier transform, obtains fundamental voltage amplitude A
1With secondary harmonic amplitude A
2, and through type (1) calculates the ultrasound non-linear factor beta, understands the early stage mechanical property degradation situation of test specimen according to β.
3) if test specimen ruptures detection of end.
The present invention mainly has the following advantages: (1) employing transmits and receives the efficient that transmits and receives that R wave can improve signal with the edge that sensor is directly installed on test specimen, reduces the non-linear effects that the coupling of sensor and test specimen brings.Advantages such as (2) R wave has in the smooth surface propagation and do not reflect, and energy mainly concentrates on the surface and is convenient to gather, and propagation distance is far away have special advantages so the mechanical property degradation of utilizing non-linear R wave to detect metal material is compared with compressional wave.(3) emission receives and all adopts piezoelectric sensor lower to the requirement of testing environment than non-contact measurement modes such as laser interferometer, is applicable to engineering reality easily.(4) realized continuous on-line detection to test specimen.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pick-up unit schematic diagram;
Among the figure: 1, signal generator, 2, power amplifier, 3, the high energy low-pass filter, 4, attenuator, 5, emission sensor, 6, receiving sensor, 7, oscillograph, 8, computing machine.
Fig. 2 detection method process flow diagram;
The non-linear R wave detection signal of Fig. 3 figure;
(a) received signal, (b) first-harmonic and secondary harmonic amplitude
The relation curve of tired all numbers of Fig. 4 and ultrasound non-linear coefficient.
Embodiment
Describe present embodiment in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 4.
Test specimen is thick 6mm in this experimental example, long 150mm, the AZ31 magnesium alloy dog hone lamella spare of wide 42mm.Density is 1770kg/m
3, longitudinal wave velocity is 5763m/s.Yield limit 199MPa, strength degree 259MPa.
1) determine that according to the emission sensor centre frequency emission signal frequency is 5MHz, periodicity is 15 sine pulse string.A pair of centre frequency is respectively the ultrasonic normal probe of Panametrics arrowband PZT of 5MHz and 10MHz as transmitting and receiving sensor.Can determine that according to the magnesium alloy longitudinal wave velocity sound wave incident angle is 23 °
2) build detection system according to Fig. 1 pick-up unit schematic diagram.Utilize MTS810 fatigue of materials experimental machine that test specimen is carried out fatigue and load, loading stress get yield limit ± 65% (± 129MPa), tired loading frequency 10Hz.
3) signal that provides according to attenuator 4, conditioning signal generator make driving emission sensor signal peak peak value reach 300V, and keep stable in experiment.
Ultrasound non-linear coefficient when 4) at first measurement is tired in every then tired 4000 weeks, is measured once non-linear R wave ultrasonic signal.
It is as follows to gather non-linear R wave signal concrete steps:
Single audio frequency ultrasonic signal by signal generator 1 generation, be sent to after power amplifier 2 amplifies, by the high-frequency harmonic signal that 3 filterings of high energy low-pass filter are produced by power amplifier, this signal is transferred to emission sensor 5 then, launches R wave in test specimen.The receiving sensor that is installed in opposite side detects by test specimen and propagates the R wave signal of coming shown in Fig. 3 (a), and gives oscillograph 7 and show and preserve.The signal that utilizes 8 pairs of oscillographs of computing machine 7 to preserve carries out Fourier transform, obtains the fundamental voltage amplitude A of frequency in the 5MHz position
1Shown in Fig. 3 (b) and frequency at the secondary harmonic amplitude A of 10MHz position
2Shown in Fig. 3 (b), and through type (1) calculates the ultrasound non-linear factor beta, understands the early stage mechanical property degradation situation of test specimen according to the size of nonlinear factor.
5) test specimen is in tired 31600 weeks fracture, detection of end.
The ultrasound non-linear coefficient β of measured not fatigue sample
0Expression, the ultrasound non-linear factor beta of on-line measurement is represented in the tired process that loads, and utilizes β/β
0The ultrasound non-linear coefficient is carried out normalization.Obtain the relation of all numbers of fatigue shown in Figure 4 and ultrasound non-linear coefficient, with the increase of all numbers of fatigue, the ultrasound non-linear coefficient increases as can be seen.Show that the method can the early stage mechanical property degradation problem of test material.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the method for the early stage mechanical property degradation of non-linear R wave Non-Destructive Testing metal material, it is characterized in that, application is with lower device, this device by signal generator, power amplifier, high energy low-pass filter connect successively, high energy low-pass filter one tunnel connects attenuator, another road connects test specimen, at the installation emission sensor respectively and the receiving sensor at test specimen two ends, attenuator is connected oscillograph with receiving sensor, and oscillograph connects computing machine;
Carry out according to the following steps:
1) signal generator generates the single audio frequency signal; According to the velocity of wave of the test specimen incident angle θ that determines to transmit; According to incident angle θ, assembling transmits and receives sensor;
2) stretch to test specimen or tired the loading, make test specimen produce mechanical property degradation; In the process that test specimen stretches or fatigue loads, constant duration is gathered non-linear R wave signal;
It is as follows to gather non-linear R wave signal concrete steps:
The single audio frequency ultrasonic signal that is produced by signal generator is sent to after power amplifier amplifies, the above high-frequency harmonic signal of 6MHz that is produced by power amplifier by the high energy low pass filter filters out; This signal one tunnel as monitor signal input oscillograph, can be controlled the amplitude of input emission sensor signal through attenuator decay back by monitor signal then; Another road is transferred to emission sensor, emission R wave signal in test specimen; The receiving sensor collection that symmetry is installed in opposite side is propagated the R wave signal of coming by test specimen, and gives oscillograph and show and preserve; The signal that utilizes computing machine that oscillograph is preserved carries out Fourier transform, obtains fundamental voltage amplitude A
1With secondary harmonic amplitude A
2, and through type (1) calculates the ultrasound non-linear factor beta, understands the early stage mechanical property degradation situation of test specimen according to β;
Wherein k=ω/c is a wave number, and ω is an angular frequency, and c is a velocity of wave, A
1And A
2Be respectively first-harmonic and secondary harmonic amplitude, x is the distance that ripple is propagated; If the test specimen fracture, detection of end.
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| CN102426192A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-04-25 | 北京交通大学 | Method of applying Rayleigh waves in non-linear ultrasonic evaluation of surface damage of metal material |
| CN102466597A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-23 | 华东理工大学 | Nondestructive test and evaluation method of metal member / material residual life |
| CN103713052A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | Method for measuring yield strength of Q345 low alloy steel by using nonlinear ultrasonic technique |
| CN103926312A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface wave nonlinear detection method for roll fatigue hardening layer |
| CN105897255A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-08-24 | 恩智浦有限公司 | Data processing device |
| CN106018553A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Device for evaluating and optimizing heat treatment technology based on nonlinear ultrasound |
| CN109541026A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | A kind of the non-linear ultrasonic detection system and detection method of reflective contact metal croop property |
| CN110133105A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method of water logging concrete strength |
| CN111678988A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-18 | 江苏禹治流域管理技术研究院有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation device and method for concrete material surface damage |
| CN113176334A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-27 | 重庆大学 | Ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and method |
| CN113739967A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Normal stress and shear stress detection device and method based on acoustic elastic effect |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102466597A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-23 | 华东理工大学 | Nondestructive test and evaluation method of metal member / material residual life |
| CN102426192A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-04-25 | 北京交通大学 | Method of applying Rayleigh waves in non-linear ultrasonic evaluation of surface damage of metal material |
| CN103926312A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface wave nonlinear detection method for roll fatigue hardening layer |
| CN103713052A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | Method for measuring yield strength of Q345 low alloy steel by using nonlinear ultrasonic technique |
| CN106018553B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2018-06-08 | 厦门大学 | The device of non-linear ultrasonic assessment optimization heat treatment process |
| CN106018553A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Device for evaluating and optimizing heat treatment technology based on nonlinear ultrasound |
| CN105897255A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-08-24 | 恩智浦有限公司 | Data processing device |
| CN105897255B (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2019-06-11 | 恩智浦有限公司 | Data processing equipment |
| CN109541026A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | A kind of the non-linear ultrasonic detection system and detection method of reflective contact metal croop property |
| CN110133105A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method of water logging concrete strength |
| CN111678988A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-18 | 江苏禹治流域管理技术研究院有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation device and method for concrete material surface damage |
| CN113176334A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-27 | 重庆大学 | Ultrasonic nondestructive testing system and method |
| CN113739967A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Normal stress and shear stress detection device and method based on acoustic elastic effect |
| CN113739967B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-05-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Normal stress and shear stress detection method based on acoustic elastic effect |
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Open date: 20100825 |