Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a gas leakage detection system and a gas leakage detection method, and solves the problems that the detection precision is low and the detection is not suitable for detecting a pipeline without optical fibers in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a gas leakage detection system comprises a light source, an optical signal branching element, an optical signal combining element, a sealing cavity and a detector, wherein the sealing cavity is used for sealing a part to be detected, a hole is formed in the sealing cavity, a deformation device covers the hole, and the deformation device can deform according to the change of air pressure in the sealing cavity;
the optical signal emitted by the light source is divided into two paths through an optical signal branching element, wherein one path irradiates the outer wall of the sealed cavity, and the other path irradiates the deformation device; the optical signal combining element can enable an optical signal reflected by the outer wall of the sealed cavity and an optical signal reflected by the deformation device to generate double-beam interference; the detector can detect the light intensity of the optical signal after the double-beam interference and judge the gas leakage condition according to the light intensity detection result.
Further, the optical signal splitting element and/or the optical signal combining element is a coupler.
Furthermore, an anti-interference device for preventing ambient light from interfering with the optical signal is arranged on the sealed cavity, at least two optical fibers are inserted into the anti-interference device, and one optical fiber is used for guiding one path of optical signal divided by the optical signal branching element to the outer wall of the sealed cavity and guiding out the optical signal reflected by the outer wall of the sealed cavity; and the other path of optical fiber is used for guiding the other path of optical signal divided by the optical signal branching element to the deformation device and guiding out the optical signal reflected by the deformation device.
And a circulator is further arranged corresponding to each optical fiber, and the circulator can guide the optical signal split by the optical signal splitting element to the corresponding optical fiber and guide the optical signal led out by the optical fiber to the optical signal combining element.
Further, the circulator is three-port.
Further, the light source includes a laser.
Further, the deformation device comprises an elastic diaphragm.
Further, the sealed cavity is made of a rigid material.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a gas leakage detection method, including the steps of:
collecting a light intensity detection value output by the detector as a light intensity measurement value;
comparing the light intensity measured value with a prestored light intensity reference value, and if the light intensity measured value is inconsistent with the prestored light intensity reference value, indicating that the part to be detected is air-leaked; otherwise, indicating that the part to be detected is not air-leaked;
wherein, the prestored light intensity reference value is the light intensity value detected by the detector when the deformation device is not deformed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the adaptability of the deformation device to the air pressure in the sealing cavity is changed, so that the light intensity of light rays reflected by the optical signal shunting element, the sealing cavity and the deformation device and combined by the optical signal combining element is changed, the light intensity is detected by the detector, the gas leakage condition of the part to be detected is determined, the gas leakage condition can be conveniently and visually determined in various environments without manual intervention.
(2) When flammable and explosive or toxic gas is transported in the pipeline, the sealing cavity made of rigid materials is adopted, so that the area to be detected can be further sealed, and the gas in the pipeline is prevented from leaking; meanwhile, the sealing cavity is not deformed when the air pressure of the sealing cavity changes, and the detection error of the device is reduced.
(3) The elastic diaphragm can make corresponding reaction to the extremely small pressure change, so that the detection precision of the device is further improved, and the wavelength order can be reached.
(4) The laser device is used, so that the light intensity is enhanced fundamentally, the influence of external factors on the light in the process of conducting in a light path and the environment is avoided, and the detection error is reduced.
(5) Through installing anti jamming unit on sealed chamber for light is not influenced by other environmental factor at the in-process of shining sealed chamber upper end portion and deformation device, further reduces detection error.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a gas leakage detection system includes a light source 4 capable of emitting light and a detector 8 for detecting the performance of the light, wherein the light source 4 may be a laser, and only needs to ensure that the light emitted by the light source is stable and is not easily affected by other environmental factors; the device is characterized by further comprising a sealing cavity 1, wherein the sealing cavity 1 covers the part to be detected 2 to seal the part to be detected, a small hole is formed in the upper end face of the sealing cavity 1, a deformation device 101 is installed on the hole, the small hole is sealed by the deformation device 101 in a bonding mode, the sealing mode is not limited to bonding, and only the whole sealing cavity 1 needs to be sealed; the deformation device 101 may be an elastic membrane, but is not limited thereto, and may be other materials that deform in response to pressure changes, and the sealed cavity 1 is made of a rigid material to ensure that the sealed cavity 1 does not deform in response to internal air pressure changes. The upper end face of the sealed cavity 1 and the upper surface of the deformation device 101 can reflect light, and have a small absorption coefficient, for example, reflective paint can be painted on the upper end face of the sealed cavity.
The anti-interference device 3 is arranged on the sealed cavity 1, the anti-interference device 3 is of a box-packed structure with stable and uniform interior, and can prevent ambient light from interfering with optical signals, but is not limited to the above structure, and structures with other shapes can be adopted, and only the optical signals are ensured not to be interfered when entering the anti-interference device 3; the top of the anti-interference device 3 is provided with two small holes only for light to come in and go out.
In this embodiment, the optical fiber light source further includes an optical signal branching element 5 and a three-port circulator 6, light emitted from the light source 4 passes through the optical signal branching element 5, the optical signal branching element 5 uniformly separates the light into two identical sub-lights to perform a branching function, the two sub-lights enter from the first ports of the two circulators 6 respectively, and exit from the second ports, wherein the second ports of the two circulators 6 are directly connected to the two top ports of the anti-interference device 3, so that the two sub-lights can simultaneously exit from the small holes vertically, and respectively irradiate on the upper end surface of the sealed cavity 1 and the surface of the deformation device 101 through the optical fiber channel, after reflection, the two sub-lights respectively enter from the second ports of the two circulators, the third port exits to be conducted to the optical signal combiner 7 along the optical path, and finally exit after being combined by the optical signal combiner 7, the output is detected by a detector.
In the above embodiment, if no gas leakage occurs at the position to be detected, the light intensities of the two beams of light are the same, and after being combined by the optical signal combining element 7, the optical power detected by the detector 8 is not changed; and when the department that awaits measuring takes place gas leakage, deformation device 3 can be upwards protruding, takes place deformation, and the sub-light that shines on deformation device 3 this moment and the sub-light that shines at sealed chamber 1 up end have produced the optical path difference, and two bundles of sub-lights have taken place the interference phenomenon after the combination of optical signal path element 7, and the light intensity that detects out by detector 8 can change, and the light intensity when not taking place to leak is different, can judge the department that awaits measuring gas leakage from this.
Example 2
The gas leakage detection system of embodiment 1 is adopted to detect the gas leakage condition of a to-be-detected part, a gas pipeline valve interface is selected as the to-be-detected part, and firstly, when the deformation device 101 is not deformed, the light intensity value detected by the detector 8 is collected as a prestored light intensity reference value; then, collecting the light intensity detection value output by the detector 8 at the position to be detected at any moment, comparing the collected light intensity detection value with a prestored light intensity reference value, and if the collected light intensity detection value and the prestored light intensity reference value are not consistent, indicating that the air leakage occurs at the position to be detected 2; otherwise, it indicates that no air leakage occurs at the position to be measured 2.
The working principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the deformation device 101 is an elastic membrane; the light source 4 adopts a laser; the optical signal branching element and the optical signal combining element adopt couplers; the part to be measured 2 is a valve interface of the gas pipeline.
When no air leakage exists at the position to be measured, the air pressures at the two sides of the elastic diaphragm are consistent, the upper end part of the sealed cavity is flat, and the optical paths of two beams of light emitted by the laser and split by the coupler are equal.
However, when air leaks at the interface of the valve, the air pressure in the sealing cavity rises, and the elastic diaphragm deforms in an upward convex manner under the pressure of the air pressure at the bottom.
At the moment, the optical path of light irradiated on the elastic membrane is reduced, the optical path of light irradiated on other rigid parts of the sealed cavity is unchanged, an optical path difference is generated between the two beams of light, and the optical path difference is equal to twice of the height of the bulge. The two beams of light are separated from one beam of light, so that the two beams of light have coherence, optical path difference is generated after passing through an anti-interference device, double-beam interference can be generated after the two beams of light are combined together through a coupler, the light intensity is changed, and whether air leakage occurs at the joint of the valve can be monitored by detecting the change of the light intensity.
And when two beams of light reach the second coupler, the light intensity value of the light after the light is combined is detected by the detector finally through the combination effect of the second coupler.
Wherein, the phase difference caused by the optical path difference caused by the bulge of the elastic film is converted by the following formula:
Δ Φ is a phase difference between the two optical paths; n iseffIs the effective refractive index of the optical fiber and is a constant; λ is the wavelength of the light emitted by the laser and is a constant.
When the valve interface of the gas transmission pipeline is not leaked, the diaphragm cannot bulge, namely h =0, the optical paths of the two light paths are the same, so that the optical path difference delta phi =0, the measured light intensity is set as a prestored light intensity value, and the following formula is met:
when the valve interface of the gas transmission pipeline leaks, the measured light intensity value is a light intensity measured value, and the following formula is satisfied:
wherein, I0The laser emitting light power is a constant; alpha is the coupling coefficient of the coupler and is a constant; i is1For pre-storing light intensity values, I2Is a light intensity measurement.
During actual work, the light intensity value I is prestored through comparison1And a measured value of light intensity I2If the two are not equal, the gas leakage at the interface of the gas pipeline valve can be judged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.