CN113175875B - Device and method for measuring abrasion of cutting edge of male die based on linear laser extrusion molding - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring abrasion of cutting edge of male die based on linear laser extrusion molding Download PDFInfo
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
Abstract
A device and a method for measuring the abrasion of a cutting edge of a convex die based on linear laser extrusion molding relate to the powder metallurgy manufacturing of hard alloy indexable blades. Placing the measuring device on a workbench of a press, and enabling the cutting edge of the male die to be in contact with the center of a cross mark of an objective lens of the measuring device; irradiating the cutting edge, the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die by linear laser along the axis of the male die at an angle of 45 degrees; the industrial camera collects the image of the male die under the laser irradiation and transmits the digital image to the control and data processing module; cutting the image by taking a linear laser spot as a symmetrical line, and reserving a longitudinal strip; carrying out threshold segmentation on the cut image; counting the number of light spot pixels in each row by taking the light spot direction parallel to the word as a column and the light spot direction perpendicular to the word as a row; and dividing the number of light spots in the rows into n grades at equal intervals, and inputting the number of rows of the n grades into a trained neural network model to obtain the abrasion numerical value of the cutting edge of the male die. The structure is compact, the operation is simple, and the convenience and the time efficiency are improved; the optical path is simplified, and the robustness is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy manufacturing of hard alloy indexable blades, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the abrasion of a cutting edge of a terrace die based on linear laser extrusion molding.
Background
The powder metallurgy raw material has extremely high powder utilization rate, less working hours of single products and low processing cost, and can produce hard alloy parts and ceramic material parts with complex shapes in a large scale. As a special method for manufacturing a machine part, the powder molding technology has been remarkably developed in recent years, and particularly in the field of cemented carbide products such as indexable cemented carbide inserts, it has become an essential basic processing technique.
Powder extrusion is a necessary process for powder metallurgy, wherein the precision of a die is one of core factors influencing the quality of a product. In the using process, the die bears repeated circulating high pressure, and the friction between the male die and the female die and between the male die and the powder cannot be avoided. Particularly, the cutting edge part of the male die has low structural strength and obvious stress concentration, and is seriously worn by the abrasive particles of the powder material, and the part is usually worn firstly. However, the precision of the cutting edge of the male die directly affects the products, excessive wear can cause defects such as product burrs, edge collapse and the like, and the wear state of the cutting edge of the male die must be strictly monitored in the machining process.
The existing monitoring technology mainly comprises visual observation, product quality reverse pushing, microscopic equipment accurate measurement and the like. An operator stops the machine to observe the cutting edge state of the male die after extrusion molding every several times, and periodically and randomly inspects the quality of a semi-finished pressed compact so as to guess the cutting edge state of the male die. After the abrasion of the convex die cutting edge is found to a certain degree, the abrasion state of the cutting edge is accurately determined by equipment such as a super-depth-of-field microscope after the die is detached from the press. The visual observation method and the product quality back-pushing method have low detection precision, and the abrasion state of the cutting edge is difficult to accurately judge. The microscopic equipment precision measurement method needs to disassemble the die from the press, has long detection time, breaks up production rhythm and has high time cost.
In order to solve the problem of detection of the abrasion state of the cutting edge of the male die, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the abrasion of the cutting edge of the male die based on linear laser, so as to realize on-machine measurement of the abrasion degree of the cutting edge of the male die in the extrusion forming process of a hard alloy indexable blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the abrasion of a cutting edge of a punch based on linear laser extrusion molding, aiming at solving the problems of abrasion of the cutting edge of the punch in the process of powder metallurgy extrusion blank making of a hard alloy blade.
The invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the wear degree of the cutting edge of the male die based on linear laser extrusion forming.
Based on line laser extrusion terrace die blade wearing and tearing measuring device includes:
the device comprises a shell, a control cavity, a plurality of positioning points and a measuring window, wherein the shell is provided with an optical cavity, a control cavity, a plurality of positioning points and a measuring window, is used for mounting other parts and forms an independent clean optical cavity;
the in-line laser is used for emitting collimated laser with a light spot in an in-line shape;
a micro-industrial camera for acquiring an image presented by the male mold after the application of the line laser;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser reflected and scattered back from the male die and ensuring that the laser reflected and scattered back from the male die enters the lens of the industrial camera;
the reflector group comprises a first plane reflector, a second plane reflector, a third plane reflector and a fourth plane reflector, and is used for changing the propagation direction of the line laser, prolonging the propagation distance from the laser to the male die and improving the width and light intensity uniformity of the line laser;
an objective lens having a cross-marking for adjusting the relative position of the measuring device to the punch cutting edge and for isolating the outside from the internal optical chamber;
a light absorption plate for absorbing the laser reflected by the half-lens to reduce the pollution light in the optical chamber;
the control and data processing electronic module is in communication connection with the laser and the industrial camera, is used for controlling the laser to start or stop emitting laser, is used for controlling the industrial camera to acquire images and is used for calculating the numerical value of the abrasion loss of the cutting edge of the male die;
and the man-machine interaction touch screen is used for inputting information and outputting the numerical value of the abrasion loss of the cutting edge of the male die.
The industrial camera is provided with a large depth-of-field lens.
The reflector group is a total reflector, and the planeness is less than one-fourth laser wavelength.
Two plane reflectors which are completely parallel and opposite are arranged in the reflector group and used for changing the propagation direction of the laser and prolonging the propagation distance of the laser.
The inner wall of the optical cavity of the shell is coated with a light absorption material layer, and the outer surfaces of parts such as a laser, an industrial camera and the like are also coated with the light absorption material layer for reducing stray light in the optical cavity.
The control and data processing electronics module has a memory and a data interface for receiving and transmitting data.
The method for measuring the abrasion of the cutting edge of the male die based on the linear laser extrusion molding comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the male die cutting edge abrasion measuring device on a press workbench, and adjusting the relative position of the male die and the measuring device to enable the cutting edge of the male die to be in contact with the center of a cross mark of an objective lens of the measuring device;
2) Starting a laser, and irradiating the cutting edge, the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die by a line laser along the axis of the male die at an angle of 45 degrees;
3) The industrial camera collects the image of the male die under the irradiation of the line laser and transmits the digital image to the control and data processing electronic module;
4) Cutting the acquired image by taking a linear laser spot as a symmetrical line, and reserving a longitudinal strip as a subsequent processing object;
5) Performing threshold segmentation on the cut image, segmenting the image into a light spot part and a background part, and dividing pixels into a light spot pixel part and a background pixel part;
in step 5), the threshold segmentation is performed on the clipped image and is adaptively determined by a maximum inter-class variance method, and the formula is as follows:
wherein, ω is 0 (t) is the probability of occurrence of background pixels, ω 1 (t) probability of occurrence of a speckle pixel, μ 0 (t) is backGray value expectation, mu, of scene pixel 1 (t) Gray value expectation, μ, of the Spot pixels G Is desired for the gray value of the pixel in the whole image.
6) Counting the number of light spot pixels in each row by taking the direction parallel to the line-shaped light spot as a row and the direction vertical to the line-shaped light spot as a row;
7) Dividing the number of light spot pixels in a line into n levels at equal intervals, and counting the number of lines of the light spot pixels in the line, which belong to each level, in sequence, wherein the number of lines is defined as 1 level line number, 2 level line number \8230, and n level line number from few to many according to the number of the light spot pixels in the line;
8) And inputting the n grades of line numbers into the trained neural network model to obtain the abrasion numerical value of the cutting edge of the male die.
In the step 8), the neural network model is trained based on a data set consisting of the image acquired by the linear laser extrusion molding-based male die cutting edge wear measuring device and corresponding cutting edge wear data acquired by other measuring means such as a super-depth-of-field microscope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The device has a compact structure and simple operation, can realize on-machine measurement of the cutting edge of the male die, obviously improves the accuracy and reliability compared with the observation by the naked eyes, and obviously improves the convenience and time efficiency compared with other micro-measuring instruments needing to disassemble the male die;
(2) The invention adopts a linear laser source, the intensity of the laser source is far beyond the natural light of the workshop, and the interference of the natural light on the measuring device and the measuring method can be ignored;
(3) The device is provided with the reflector and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, so that the propagation path of the line laser is superposed with the light incident path of the camera, the light path is simplified, and the reliability of the method is improved.
(4) According to the invention, a laser ray is incident along the axis of the male die at a 45-degree intersection angle through the reflector, the laser and the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die both form a large intersection angle, and the proportion of the laser entering a camera lens after being reflected is small; in contrast, the worn fillet has poor surface roughness and presents a diffuse reflection state, and the proportion of laser entering a camera lens after diffuse reflection is large; by utilizing the characteristic, after camera imaging, the abrasion fillet of the convex die is enlarged, and the measuring device and the method have high robustness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a black-and-white image after cropping acquired in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a binarized image after threshold segmentation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the number of pixels of spots in a line statistically obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a shell, an industrial camera, a touch screen, a control and data processing electronic module, a second plane reflector, a third plane reflector, a first plane reflector, a line laser, a fourth plane reflector, a light absorption plate, a semi-permeable and semi-reflective mirror, an objective lens and a hard alloy blade extrusion molding male die, wherein the shell is 1, the industrial camera is 2, the touch screen is 3, the control and data processing electronic module is 4, the fourth plane reflector is 5, the semi-permeable and semi-reflective mirror is 6, the first plane reflector is 7, the line laser is 8, the fourth plane reflector is 9, the light absorption plate is 10, the semi-permeable and semi-reflective mirror is 11, the objective lens is 12, and the hard alloy blade extrusion molding male die is 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a device for measuring the abrasion degree of a hard alloy indexable blade extrusion forming punch cutting edge, which mainly comprises a shell 1, an industrial camera 2, a linear laser 8, a first plane reflector 7, a second plane reflector 5, a third plane reflector 6, a fourth plane reflector 9, a semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror 11, a light absorption plate 10, an objective lens 12, a control and data processing electronic module 4 and a touch screen 3.
An optical cavity, a control cavity, a plurality of positioning points, an objective lens mounting window, a touch screen mounting window and the like are arranged in the shell 1, and an industrial camera 2, a linear laser 8, a reflector group, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror 11, a light absorption plate 10 and other parts are arranged in the optical cavity by positioning the positioning points to form a clean optical cavity. The inner surface of the optical cavity is coated with a black light absorption material for absorbing scattered light in the optical cavity and reducing the interference of the scattered light on a measuring device.
The industrial camera 2 adopts a black-and-white CCD camera and is provided with a large depth-of-field optical lens, which is adopted in this embodiment with a depth of field of 5 mm. The axis of the industrial camera 2 and the horizontal plane form an angle of 45 degrees to be installed in a overlooking mode, and the image of the convex die 11 is collected through the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror 11 which is installed horizontally. Through the reflection of the semi-permeable and semi-reflective mirror, the axial line of an industrial camera and the axial line of the male die form a 45-unicolor angle, and upward observation is performed, so that the bottom surface, the side surface and the cutting edge of the male die can be observed on the machine.
The word line laser 8 is a blue semiconductor laser, the wavelength is 405nm, and the power is 5mW. A word line laser 8 is horizontally installed, and the emitted laser is reflected by a first plane reflector 7 and enters a symmetrical reflector group consisting of a second plane reflector 5 and a third plane reflector 6. The laser continuously reflects and advances between the second plane mirror 5 and the third plane mirror 6, thereby prolonging the propagation path of the laser in the cavity and widening the length of the laser spot of a word line. After being emitted from the symmetrical reflector group, the laser is reflected by the fourth plane reflector 9 and then upwards propagates at an elevation angle of 45 degrees, penetrates through the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 11 and then is emitted out of the measuring device. After reflection propagation, the length of a line laser spot at the objective 12 is approximately 14mm and the width is 0.2mm.
The semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror 11 is horizontally arranged, so that the propagation direction of the line laser is superposed with the light inlet axis of the industrial camera 2, the laser irradiates the male die upwards along the axial line of the male die at a deflection angle of 45 degrees, and the industrial camera observes the image of the male die upwards along the same angle.
The objective lens 12 is mounted in an observation window of the housing for isolating the outside from the internal optical chamber. And the objective lens is provided with a cross marking line for reference adjustment of the relative position of the measuring device and the cutting edge of the male die.
The light absorption plate 10 is installed on a light path of the line laser reflected by the semi-transparent semi-reflector, and is used for absorbing the laser reflected by the semi-transparent semi-reflector and reducing pollution light in the optical chamber.
And a control and data processing electronic module 4 is arranged in the control chamber, is developed based on an embedded module in the embodiment, is in communication connection with the laser and the industrial camera, and is used for controlling the laser and the industrial camera and calculating the abrasion loss value of the cutting edge of the male die. The control and data processing electronic module realizes man-machine interaction with an operator through the touch screen 3, is connected with a computer through a USB interface, transmits acquired images, historical data of blade abrasion loss and the like, and receives data of a trained neural network model and the like.
The surface roughness of the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die is low, the laser is mainly reflected as mirror surface after being emitted to the bottom surface and the side surface, and the axes of the bottom surface and the side surface form an included angle of 45 degrees with the light entering direction of the camera. Therefore, the laser which is emitted to the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die is reflected to enter the camera less light. In the collected image, the corresponding light spot has low brightness and narrow width. In contrast, the worn cutting edge appears dull and round, has high roughness, and the laser mainly shows diffuse reflection after striking the wear zone. Therefore, the proportion of the laser which is emitted to the cutting edge abrasion zone and enters the camera after being reflected is higher. In the collected image, the corresponding light spots are higher in brightness and wider in width.
Therefore, in the acquired image, the light spot of each part from the bottom surface, the side surface or the edge wear zone of the male die can be determined according to the brightness and the width of each part of the light spot. And then indirectly measuring the abrasion degree of the cutting edge of the convex die by measuring the size of the abraded cutting edge with light spots.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a line laser-based method for measuring the abrasion of the cutting edge of the terrace die, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a cutting edge abrasion measuring device on a working table of a press, adjusting the position of a male die and the measuring device, and enabling the measuring position of a cutting edge belt of the male die to be in contact with the center of a window glass cross mark;
(2) Starting a laser, and irradiating the cutting edge, the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die by a line of laser along the axis of the male die at an angle of 45 degrees;
(3) The industrial camera collects images of the male die under the irradiation of the laser of the first line and transmits the digital images to the control and data processing module;
(4) Cutting the acquired image by taking a linear laser spot as a symmetrical line, reserving a longitudinal strip as a subsequent processing object, and obtaining the cut image as shown in FIG. 2;
(5) Performing threshold segmentation on the cut image, segmenting the image into a light spot part and a background part, dividing pixels into a light spot pixel part and a background pixel part, and obtaining a binary image after threshold segmentation as shown in fig. 3;
the segmentation threshold t is determined adaptively by adopting a maximum inter-class variance method, and the formula is as follows:
wherein, ω is 0 (t) is the probability of occurrence of background pixels, ω 1 (t) probability of occurrence of a speckle pixel, μ 0 (t) Gray value expectation of background pixels, μ 1 (t) Gray value expectation, μ, of the Spot pixels G Is desired for the gray value of the pixel in the whole image.
(7) Counting the number of light spot pixels in each row by taking a row which is parallel to a word light spot direction as a pixel and a row which is perpendicular to the word light spot direction as a pixel, wherein the number of light spot pixels in each row from bottom to top is shown as a curve in fig. 4;
(8) Dividing the number of light spot pixels in a line into n levels at equal intervals, and counting the number of lines of the light spot pixels in the line, which belong to each level, in sequence, wherein the number of lines is defined as 1 level line number, 2 level line number \8230, and n level line number from few to many according to the number of the light spot pixels in the line;
(9) And inputting the n levels of line numbers into the trained neural network model to obtain the abrasion numerical value of the cutting edge of the male die. Wherein the neural network model is used online after being trained offline. By adopting the measuring device and the measuring method, the inline facula pixel data of the male die under different abrasion degrees are collected, then the abrasion data of the cutting edge is measured by adopting other measuring means such as an ultra-field-depth microscope and the like, a data set is established, a neural network is trained based on the data set, and then the neural network model data is input into a control and data processing electronic module of the measuring device provided by the invention for online measurement.
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a based on line laser extrusion terrace die blade wearing and tearing measuring device which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a shell, a sensor and a controller, wherein the shell is provided with an optical chamber, a control chamber, a plurality of positioning points and a measuring window and is used for mounting other parts and forming an independent clean optical chamber;
the linear laser is used for emitting collimated laser with a light spot in a linear shape;
a micro-industrial camera for acquiring an image presented by the male mold after the application of the line laser;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser reflected and scattered back from the male die and ensuring that the laser reflected and scattered back from the male die enters the lens of the industrial camera;
the reflector group comprises a first plane reflector, a second plane reflector, a third plane reflector and a fourth plane reflector, and is used for changing the propagation direction of the line laser, prolonging the propagation distance from the laser to the male die and improving the width and light intensity uniformity of the line laser;
an objective lens having a cross-marking for adjusting the relative position of the measuring device to the punch cutting edge and for isolating the outside from the internal optical chamber;
a light absorption plate for absorbing the laser light reflected by the half-lens to reduce the contamination light in the optical chamber;
the control and data processing electronic module is in communication connection with the laser and the industrial camera, is used for controlling the laser to start or stop emitting laser, is used for controlling the industrial camera to acquire images and is used for calculating the numerical value of the abrasion loss of the cutting edge of the male die;
and the man-machine interaction touch screen is used for inputting information and outputting the numerical value of the abrasion loss of the cutting edge of the male die.
2. The linear laser extrusion punch based edge wear measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the industrial camera is equipped with a large depth of field lens.
3. The device for measuring the edge wear of a male die based on linear laser extrusion molding according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting mirror group is a total reflection mirror and the flatness is less than a quarter of the laser wavelength.
4. The device for measuring the edge wear of the punch press formed on the basis of the linear laser extrusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein two plane mirrors are arranged in the mirror group and are completely parallel and opposite to each other, and are used for changing the propagation direction of the laser and prolonging the propagation distance of the laser.
5. The device for measuring the abrasion of the cutting edge of the convex die extruded on the basis of the line laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the optical cavity of the shell is coated with a light absorbing material layer, and the outer surfaces of the laser and industrial camera parts are also coated with the light absorbing material layer for reducing stray light in the optical cavity.
6. The linear laser extrusion-based male die cutting edge wear measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control and data processing electronics module has a memory and data interface for receiving and transmitting data.
7. A method for measuring the abrasion of a cutting edge of a male die based on linear laser extrusion molding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Placing the device for measuring the abrasion of the cutting edge of the line-laser extrusion molding-based male die of claim 1 on a workbench of a press, and adjusting the relative positions of the male die and the measuring device to make the cutting edge of the male die contact with the center of a cross mark of an objective lens of the measuring device;
2) Starting a laser, and irradiating the cutting edge, the bottom surface and the side surface of the male die by a line of laser along the axis of the male die at an angle of 45 degrees;
3) The industrial camera collects images of the male die under the irradiation of the laser of the first line and transmits the digital images to the control and data processing electronic module;
4) Cutting the acquired image by taking a linear laser spot as a symmetrical line, and reserving a longitudinal strip as a subsequent processing object;
5) Performing threshold segmentation on the cut image, segmenting the image into a light spot part and a background part, and dividing pixels into a light spot pixel part and a background pixel part;
6) Counting the number of light spot pixels in each row by taking the light spot direction parallel to a word as a column and the light spot direction vertical to the word as a row;
7) Dividing the number of light spot pixels in a line into n levels at equal intervals, and counting the number of lines of the light spot pixels in the line, which belong to each level, in sequence, wherein the number of lines is defined as 1 level line number, 2 level line number \8230, and n level line number from few to many according to the number of the light spot pixels in the line;
8) And inputting the n levels of line numbers into the trained neural network model to obtain the abrasion numerical value of the cutting edge of the male die.
8. The method for measuring the edge wear of the line-based laser extrusion molding punch according to claim 7, wherein in the step 8), the neural network model is trained based on a data set consisting of the image collected by the line-based laser extrusion molding punch edge wear measuring device and the corresponding edge wear data collected by an ultra-depth-of-field microscope or other measuring means.
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