CN113162539A - Energy utilization device for controlling temperature of photovoltaic cell - Google Patents
Energy utilization device for controlling temperature of photovoltaic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113162539A CN113162539A CN202110465774.1A CN202110465774A CN113162539A CN 113162539 A CN113162539 A CN 113162539A CN 202110465774 A CN202110465774 A CN 202110465774A CN 113162539 A CN113162539 A CN 113162539A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An energy utilization device for temperature control of a photovoltaic cell comprises a packaging heat dissipation mechanism, wherein the packaging heat dissipation mechanism comprises phase-change material paraffin and a packaging shell; the packaging shell is divided into a plurality of strip cavities which are not communicated with each other by the inner fins, and the device also comprises a support frame, a transmission mechanism and a surface cleaning mechanism; support on the support frame has encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism and drive mechanism, and surface cleaning mechanism links to each other with drive mechanism, encapsulation casing opposite side surface still sets up a plurality of outer fins, and outer fin aligns with inner fin and arranges, every rectangular cavity divide into filling space and inflation space, and phase change material paraffin is arranged every in the filling space, every expansion space is interior to be arranged the flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation, and drive mechanism by the flexible sealing mechanism drive of self-adaptation. The invention obviously enhances the heat dissipation capability of the phase-change material, and simultaneously takes the power of the heat absorption volume expansion of the phase-change material as a power source to realize the surface cleaning of the photovoltaic cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of photovoltaic cells, in particular to an energy utilization device for controlling the temperature of a photovoltaic cell.
Background
In recent years, photovoltaic power generation has been rapidly developed as a green energy acquisition mode.
When dust is continuously accumulated on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, the light transmittance is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is gradually reduced; when impurities exist on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, the part of the photovoltaic cell shielded by the impurities cannot be used as a power supply for power generation, but is used as a resistor for continuously generating heat, namely, a hot spot effect is generated, and the photovoltaic cell is damaged; in order to alleviate above-mentioned two problems, need the manual work to clean photovoltaic cell board regularly, consume the manpower.
When the photovoltaic cell works, the photovoltaic cell is irradiated by sunlight for a long time, heat is accumulated continuously to cause the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to rise, and documents show that the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is reduced by 0.4-0.5 percent when the temperature of the cell rises by 1 ℃. Through carrying out the thermal management to photovoltaic cell, can not only improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency, can also prolong photovoltaic cell life. The radiating fins are additionally arranged at the rear part of the photovoltaic cell and have a certain radiating effect, but at the noon with sufficient sunlight, the radiating fins cannot radiate heat in time, and the temperature of the photovoltaic cell still rises. In order to obtain a good heat dissipation effect, most of the existing heat dissipation measures need to adopt a fan or a water pump, so that the operation and maintenance cost is increased while the electric energy is consumed.
The phase-change material has large latent heat of phase change, and the temperature can be maintained near the melting point when absorbing heat, so that the phase-change material is an ideal means for thermal management of the photovoltaic cell, and the phase-change material is continuously developed as a hotspot of research in the field of photovoltaic cells.
The organic phase change material represented by paraffin has stable performance and no corrosion, and is widely applied to the field of thermal management of photovoltaic cells; at present, two factors are mainly used for limiting the application of paraffin on a photovoltaic cell, one factor is that the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is very low, so that the heat exchange between the photovoltaic cell and a phase-change material is not facilitated, and the heat loss of the phase-change material in the air is also not facilitated; researchers put forward various paraffin packaging structures with inner fins to strengthen the heat exchange capacity between the photovoltaic cell and the phase-change material, but neglect the natural heat dissipation problem of paraffin, the phase-change material is difficult to release absorbed heat to the environment after absorbing heat and being saturated in the daytime, the phase-change material not only loses the function of controlling temperature but also can block the heat dissipation of the photovoltaic cell on the next day, and the application of the phase-change material in an intermittent heat source is limited; secondly, the phase change material is difficult to package due to the volume change of the phase change material before and after phase change, and the problem is more prominent when the dosage of the phase change material is larger.
At present, most of technical means for solving the volume expansion of the phase change material leave an expansion space, the volume change of the phase change material is compensated by using the compressibility of air, and when the heat source is applied to an intermittent heat source, frequent stress changes cause the packaging structure to be easy to leak.
In summary, the phase change material used for the photovoltaic cell at present is easy to leak, the temperature control effect is unclear, the photovoltaic cell has low power generation efficiency, and the popularization and the use are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an energy utilization device for controlling the temperature of a photovoltaic cell to overcome the prior art. The device is when guaranteeing the temperature homogeneity on photovoltaic cell two-dimensional plane, is showing the heat-sinking capability who has strengthened phase change material, and the encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism that it possessed can adapt to phase change material volume change, reduces packaging structure's the stress of bearing to regard phase change material heat absorption volume expanded power as the power supply of surface cleaning, realize photovoltaic cell surface cleaning, make the energy obtain make full use of.
An energy utilization device for temperature control of a photovoltaic cell comprises a packaging heat dissipation mechanism, wherein the packaging heat dissipation mechanism comprises phase-change material paraffin and a packaging shell; the packaging shell is divided into a plurality of strip cavities which are not communicated with each other by the inner fins, one end of each strip cavity is closed, and the other end of each strip cavity is opened; the device also comprises a support frame, a transmission mechanism and a surface cleaning mechanism; support on the support frame has encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism and drive mechanism, and surface cleaning mechanism links to each other with drive mechanism, encapsulation casing opposite side surface still sets up a plurality of outer fins, and outer fin aligns with inner fin and arranges, every rectangular cavity divide into filling space and expansion space, and phase change material paraffin is arranged every in the filling space, every arrange the flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation in the expansion space, phase change material paraffin heat absorption inflation acting to realize that the flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation stretches out, drive mechanism by the flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation drives, in order to realize surface cleaning mechanism cyclic motion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the structure with only the inner fins in the prior art, the heat bridge structure formed by the inner and outer double fins is a high-efficiency heat transmission channel, so that the stronger natural heat dissipation capability of the phase-change material is realized; in the daytime, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is higher, heat is transmitted to the inner fins, one part of heat is absorbed by the phase-change material, and the other part of energy is transmitted to the outer fins from the inner fins and is dissipated in the air, so that the using amount of the phase-change material can be reduced; when the phase-change material is saturated, the heat in the phase-change material is radiated to the air through the inner fin structure and the outer fin structure at night, and the cooling time of the phase-change material is shortened.
2. The piston can compensate the volume change of the material before and after phase change, reduce the stress borne by a packaging shell and has sealing performance; meanwhile, the hydraulic piston is pushed out in the phase-change material saturation process, so that the heat dissipation area can be further increased, and the heat dissipation capacity of the phase-change material is enhanced.
3. The property of volume expansion of the phase-change material after absorbing waste heat is utilized as power of the surface cleaning mechanism, dust on the surface of the photovoltaic cell can be cleaned in time, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved, manpower is saved, and the use of the photovoltaic cell in areas with much wind and sand is facilitated.
4. The surface cleaning mechanism can also clean sundries (such as leaves and the like) on the photovoltaic cell, the duration time of hot spots of the photovoltaic cell is shortened, and when the cleaning brush does not clean the sundries, the excellent temperature control capability of the phase change cavity and the phase change material can effectively reduce the harm of the hot spots.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the package housing;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the package housing;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a package heat dissipation mechanism;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the transmission;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the assembly of the first and second transmission mechanisms;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an internal toothing ratchet mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the support frame;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a photovoltaic cell mounted in the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, an energy utilization device for temperature control of a photovoltaic cell comprises an encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism 1, wherein the encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism 1 comprises a phase-change material paraffin 107 and an encapsulation shell 101; the packaging shell 101 is divided into a plurality of strip cavities which are not communicated with each other by the inner fins 1011, one end of each strip cavity is closed, and the other end of each strip cavity is opened;
the device also comprises a support frame 3, a transmission mechanism 20 and a surface cleaning mechanism 21; support has encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism 1 and drive mechanism 20 on support frame 3, and surface cleaning mechanism 21 links to each other with drive mechanism 20, encapsulation casing 101 opposite side surface still sets up a plurality of outer fins 1012, and outer fins 1012 aligns with inner fin 1011 and arranges, every rectangular cavity 1010 divide into filling space and expansion space, and phase change material paraffin 107 fills every in the filling space, every the flexible sealing mechanism 10 of self-adaptation has been arranged in the expansion space, and phase change material paraffin 107 heat absorption expansion does work to realize that flexible sealing mechanism 10 of self-adaptation stretches out, drive mechanism 20 by flexible sealing mechanism 10 of self-adaptation drives to realize surface cleaning mechanism 21 cyclic motion. Usually, a groove is left on the upper surface of the packaging casing 101 as a placement space for wiring the photovoltaic cell 2 with external equipment.
During the use, encapsulation casing 101 one side surface laminating has photovoltaic cell 2, accomplishes cleaning photovoltaic cell 2 through surface cleaning mechanism 21 to the realization is clear away surperficial debris, will encapsulate casing 101 surface and photovoltaic cell 2 back laminating, and the laminating position can be paintd the heat-conducting glue that the thermal conductivity is high and play and paste and heat-conducting effect.
When the solar heat collector is used in the embodiment, in the daytime, under the long-time irradiation of sunlight, the photovoltaic cell 2 generates a large amount of heat, the heat is conducted to the inner fins 1011 in the packaging shell 101 through the heat conducting glue, one part of the heat is absorbed by the phase-change material paraffin 107, and the other part of the energy is transmitted to the outer fins 1012 from the inner fins 1011 to be dissipated in the air in a convection heat dissipation manner, so that the using amount of the phase-change material is reduced; at night, heat in the saturated phase-change material is dissipated to the air through the inner fin structure and the outer fin structure, and the cooling time of the phase-change material is shortened.
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is obviously reduced when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is higher than 25 ℃, so that the phase-change material paraffin with the melting point near 25 ℃ can be selected. The solid-liquid phase change material paraffin is adopted, the phase change material can absorb a large amount of heat to maintain the temperature near the melting point in the process of converting the solid phase change material into the liquid phase, the absorbed heat is called phase change latent heat, when the solid phase change material is completely converted into the liquid phase, the state is called a phase change material saturated state, if the solid phase change material is completely converted into the liquid phase, the temperature is continuously increased, and the temperature control function is lost, so that all the heat needs to be timely dissipated after the phase change material is saturated to complete the conversion from the liquid phase to the solid phase, if the solid phase change material is not completely solidified, the next heat absorption amount is reduced, and the time for maintaining the temperature near the melting point is shortened. The photovoltaic cell is only used in the daytime, generates a large amount of heat while generating electric energy, and the characteristic of intermittent heat generation is very fit with the heat absorption and release characteristic of the phase-change material; the phase-change material absorbs heat generated by the photovoltaic cell in the daytime, and is melted from a solid state to a liquid state, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is kept stable near a melting point; when the photovoltaic cell does not work at night, the phase-change material releases heat to the environment, and the liquid state is solidified into a solid state, so that heat can be continuously absorbed in the next day, and the temperature control function is continuously realized. After the sealing piston 103 is extended, the heat dissipation area can be increased.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the adaptive telescopic sealing mechanism 10 includes a sealing ring 102, a piston 103, a compression spring 104, and a piston rod 1030 connected to the piston 103; one side of the piston 103 is abutted against the paraffin phase-change material 1030, the other side of the piston 103 is connected with one end of the piston rod 1030, a sealing ring 102 which is in contact with the inner wall of the expansion space is installed on the piston 103, a compression spring 104 is sleeved on the piston rod 1030, two ends of the compression spring 104 are respectively abutted against the open end of the strip cavity and the piston 103, and the other end of the piston rod 1030 is connected with the transmission mechanism 20. In the daytime, the photovoltaic cell generates a large amount of heat, the heat is conducted to the inner fins 1011 on the shell through the heat conducting glue, the phase-change material paraffin absorbs heat and changes phase, the phase-change material is melted into a liquid state from a solid state, the volume is expanded, the phase-change material enters the expansion space to push the sealing piston 103 and the piston rod 1030 to be outwards pushed out, the compression spring 104 is compressed, the compression spring 104 has a certain pretightening force when being installed, and the volume change of the cavity is equal to the volume change of the phase-change material before and after phase change when the sealing piston 103 moves. The opening end where the expansion space is located is provided with a baffle 105 with a hole, the baffle 105 is fixedly connected with the packaging shell 101 and then serves as a limiting structure when the compression spring 104 is compressed, and after the solidification volume of the phase-change material shrinks at night, the piston 103 shrinks under the action of atmospheric pressure and the pressure of the compression spring 104.
Typically, the filling space has a rectangular cross-section and the expansion space has a circular cross-section. Such as: the diameter of the circular section is equal to the length of the short side of the rectangular section, solid phase-change material paraffin is filled in the filling space, and the solid phase-change material is melted and then expands in volume to enter the expansion space; the cavity top is equipped with the charge door to in long-time use, phase change material has certain leaking, can add phase change material at the charge door at encapsulation casing 101 top in the appropriate time, and the back is accomplished reinforced the back, and closing plate 106 is sealed with encapsulation casing 101 rigid coupling. This embodiment may vary the length of extension of the piston 103 by varying the size of the elongated elongate cavity.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the transmission mechanism 20 includes a first transmission mechanism and two sets of second transmission mechanisms; the first transmission mechanism comprises a gear shaft 213 and a rack 214; the other end of each piston rod 1030 is provided with a rack 214, the rack 214 is meshed with gear teeth on the gear shaft 213, and two ends of the gear shaft 213 are respectively connected with the second transmission mechanism, so that the second transmission mechanism drives the surface cleaning mechanism 21 to circularly move. The rack 214 and the shaft section of the gear shaft 213 which is shaped like a gear form a rack and pinion drive. In another embodiment, the two cavities farthest from the central axis in the package housing 101 are significantly different from other cavities due to the heat dissipation effect, the extension and contraction speeds of the pistons 103 in the two cavities may be different from those of other pistons, and the rack 214 fixed to the piston rod 1030 in the two cavities is not in contact with the gear shaft 103, and does not play a role in transmission.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, each set of the second transmission mechanism includes a top sprocket 206, a chain 204 and an inner ratcheted ratchet mechanism 200 with a unidirectional transmission function; the inner tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism 200 is connected with a gear shaft 213, the inner tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism 200 is provided with an outer gear tooth matched with a chain 204, a top chain wheel 206 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 3, the outer gear tooth of the inner tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism 200 is in transmission connection with the top chain wheel 206 through the chain 204 so as to realize the unidirectional circulation of the chain, and the surface cleaning mechanism 21 is fixed on the chain 240.
The surface cleaning mechanism 21 comprises a brush handle 219 and a cleaning brush 210, the brush handle 219 is connected with two chains 204, and the cleaning brush 210 is mounted on the brush handle 219. The chain transmission drives the brush holder 219 on the chain 204 to move, and when the left and right chains move synchronously, the brush holder 219 moves synchronously to drive the cleaning brush 210 fixed on the brush holder 29 to clean.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the internal-toothing type ratchet mechanism 200 includes a support shaft 203, an outer sprocket 2025, an inner shaft tube 2021, and a first pawl 2023; the outer chain wheel 2025 has outer teeth matched with the chain 204, a first pawl 2023 is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner shaft tube 2021, the outer chain wheel 2025 is sleeved on the inner shaft tube 2021, the inner ratchet of the outer chain wheel 2025 is a one-way tooth, the one-way tooth is matched with the first pawl 2023 to form an inner engaged type ratchet structure, so as to realize the one-way transmission of the outer chain wheel 2025, the support shaft 203 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 3, one end of the support shaft 203 is connected with the inner shaft tube 2021, and the other end is connected with the gear shaft 213. The support shaft 203 may be screwed with the inner shaft tube 2021.
The connection layout relationship of the specific components of the internal toothing type ratchet mechanism 200 in this embodiment includes the following: the gear shaft 213 and the second coupling 212 are circumferentially fixed and transmit circumferential rotation motion through the key 208. The second coupler 212 is connected with the first coupler 211. The right side of the support shaft 203 passes through the bearing 201 and the bearing transparent cover 304 and then is connected with the first coupling 211 through the key 208, wherein the bearing transparent cover 304 is fixedly connected with the inner frame 303, and the bearing 201 is placed in a lower through hole of the inner frame 303; the left side of the supporting shaft 203 is fixedly connected with the internal gear-engaging type ratchet mechanism 200 and then penetrates through the bearing 201, the bearing cover 301 is fixedly connected with the shell 302, and the bearing 201 is placed in a lower through hole of the shell 302. The ratchet 2025 of the outer wheel teeth of the internally engaged ratchet mechanism 200 is in chain transmission with the chain 204, a brush holder 219 is fixedly connected to a certain link of the chain 204, and the brush holder 219 is fixedly connected with the cleaning brush 210. The left side of the supporting top shaft 207 is connected with the top chain wheel 206 through a key 208 and then passes through the shaft sleeve 205 and the bearing 201, wherein the bearing cover 301 is fixedly connected with the shell 302, and the bearing 201 is placed in a through hole on the shell 302; the right side of the supporting top shaft 207 penetrates through the bearing 201, the bearing cover 301 is fixedly connected with the inner frame 303, and the bearing 201 is placed in a through hole in the inner frame 303. The gear shaft 213 is connected with the inner shaft tube 2021 by connecting the first coupling 211 with the second coupling 212, so as to realize the unidirectional rotation of the chain 204, and the assembly relationship of the above parts after assembly is shown in fig. 6. As shown in fig. 7, the inner shaft 2021 sequentially passes through the roller bearing 2024, the jack spring 2022, the first pawl 2023, the outer chain wheel 2025, the roller bearing 2024 and the transparent cover 2026 from left to right; the first pawl 2023 is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner shaft tube 2021 by using a jack spring 2022, the outer chain wheel 2025 is sleeved at the pawl 2023, an inner ratchet of the outer chain wheel 2025 and the first pawl 2023 form an inner-tooth engaging type ratchet structure, so that the one-way transmission function of the inner shaft tube 2021 and the outer chain wheel 2025 is realized, and the transparent cover 2026 is fixedly connected (for example, in threaded connection) with the inner shaft tube 2021 to play a limiting role.
As shown in fig. 5, further, the transmission mechanism 20 further includes a limiting assembly, the limiting assembly includes a second pawl 2061 and outer ratchet teeth 3031, the second pawl 2061 is installed on the side surface of the top sprocket 206, the outer ratchet teeth 3031 are installed on the support frame 3, and the second pawl 2061 and the outer ratchet teeth 3031 cooperate to form an external-meshing type ratchet structure, so that the top sprocket 206 and the ratchet 2025 rotate in the same rotation direction.
The top sprocket 206 is laterally connected with a second pawl 2061, the second pawl 2061 cooperates with the outer ratchet teeth 3031 around the through hole of the inner frame 303 to form a ratchet structure, and the outer ratchet teeth 3031 around the through hole are integrated with the inner frame 303 because the inner frame 303 is fixed, so that the top sprocket 206 connected with the second pawl 2061 is restrained from rotating in one direction only (the chain 204 moves downwards in fig. 5).
As shown in fig. 5 and 8, the support frame 3 comprises a bracket 305, two outer shells 302 and two inner frames 303; the outer casing 302 is installed on two opposite sides of the bracket 305, the inner frame 303 is fixedly connected with the outer casing 302, the packaging shell 101 is fixedly connected on the two inner frames 303, the supporting shaft 203 is rotatably arranged on the outer casing 302, and the outer ratchet 3031 is installed on the inner frame 303. So arranged, support of the package case 101 is achieved.
As an embodiment, the gear shaft 213 is separately provided with external gears corresponding to the number of the racks 214. The phase-change material is selected from paraffin wax with the model of RT-25, the phase-change temperature is 26.6 ℃, and the phase-change latent heat is 23200J-kg-1Solid Density 785kg m-3Liquid density 749kg m-3. The packaging shell material is aluminum alloy. The cross section of the filling space is rectangular, the cross section of the expansion space is circular, the filling space is filled with solid phase-change material paraffin, and the solid phase-change material is melted and then expands in volume to enter the expansion space. As shown in fig. 9, one side surface of the package case 101 and the photovoltaic cell 2 are bonded together by applying a heat conductive adhesive having high thermal conductivity.
Principle of operation
In the daytime, the photovoltaic cell 2 generates a large amount of heat, the heat is conducted to the inner fins on the shell through the heat conducting glue, the phase-change material absorbs heat and changes phase, the phase-change material is melted from a solid state into a liquid state, the volume is expanded, the phase-change material enters the cylindrical expansion space to push the piston 103 to be outwards pushed, the heat dissipation area can be increased after the piston 103 is sealed to extend out, the compression spring 104 is compressed, the tail end of the piston 103 is fixedly connected with the rack 214, the rack 214 drives the gear shaft 213 to rotate, the support shaft 203 is fixedly connected (such as threaded connection) with the inner shaft 2021, the gear shaft 213 is connected with the support shaft 203, the gear shaft 213 drives the inner shaft 2021 to rotate, the inner shaft 2021 drives the outer sprocket 2025 to rotate forward through the first pawl 2023, the outer sprocket 2025 drives the brush holder 219 on the chain 204 to move through chain drive (the forward rotation refers to the downward unidirectional motion of the chain 204 shown in fig. 1 and 5), when the left chain 204 and the right chain 204 move synchronously, the brush holder 219 moves synchronously to drive the cleaning brush 210 fixed on the brush holder 219 to clean in a forward direction (the cleaning brush moves downwards on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 2 in a single direction as shown in fig. 1 and 5, and then moves upwards outside the outer fin 1012 from the bottom by bypassing the rack 214 and the gear shaft 213); at this time, the second pawls 2061 sequentially pass through the outer ratchet teeth 3031 around the through holes of the inner frame 303, and the top sprocket 206 rotates in the forward direction.
At night, the phase-change material paraffin radiates outwards through a thermal bridge structure formed by the inner fins 1011 and the outer fins 1012, the phase-change material paraffin is solidified from a liquid state into a solid state, the volume of the phase-change material paraffin shrinks, the piston 103 is pressed back under the action of atmospheric pressure and the pressure of the compression spring 104, the compression spring 104 can reduce the sealing requirement of the piston 103, the phase-change material returns to the filling space, the rack 214 at the tail end of the piston 103 drives the gear shaft 213 to rotate in the reverse direction, the gear shaft 213 drives the inner shaft 2021 of the internal tooth-meshing type ratchet mechanism 200 to rotate in the reverse direction, the rotation of the inner shaft 2021 cannot be transmitted to the outer sprocket 2025 due to the one-way transmission performance of the internal tooth-meshing type ratchet mechanism 200, and at the moment, the chain 204 does not move.
When the cleaning brush 210 cleans the back, the piston 103 drives the cleaning brush 210 to move up on the back in the daytime, and the piston 103 contracts in the night, so that the cleaning brush 210 and the chain 204 are kept still and cannot fall down under the limiting action of the ratchet structure formed by the second pawl 2061 on the top sprocket 206 and the inner frame 303.
By changing the size of the elongate chamber, the length of extension of the piston 103 is changed; the size of the outer gear teeth of the rack 204 and the gear shaft 213 and the size of the outer chain wheel 2025 are changed, and the transmission ratio is changed, so that the adjustability of the cleaning period of the cleaning brush 210 is realized during design on the basis of not violating the mechanical manufacturing manufacturability.
In addition, it is to be noted that: when the cleaning brush 210 moves from the back of the packaging shell 101 to the top of the photovoltaic cell 2, the included angle between the photovoltaic cell 2 and the ground can be changed by adjusting the bracket 305, and fig. 9 shows an inclined arrangement, which has two implementation modes, namely a first implementation mode: when the angle between the photovoltaic cell 2 and the ground is large (less than or equal to 90 degrees), and is close to or equal to 90 degrees, the cleaning brush 210 is dead-weight or the balance weight is added at the brush holder, so that the cleaning brush 210 overcomes the cleaning frictional resistance and the transmission device idling frictional resistance under the action of gravity, can fall down in a very short time, finishes the cleaning of the front side of the photovoltaic cell 2 by the cleaning brush 210, cannot shield the photovoltaic cell, and shortens the cleaning period. The second implementation mode comprises the following steps: when the included angle (less than or equal to 90 degrees) between the photovoltaic cell 2 and the ground is small, the gravity action of the cleaning brush 210 cannot overcome the friction resistance to immediately complete the front cleaning, the photovoltaic cell can only wait for the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell in the daytime, the power generated by the melting and volume expansion of the phase-change material paraffin can push the cleaning brush 210 to move in a short distance, after the phase-change material is melted and solidified for many times, the cleaning brush 210 completes the front cleaning of the photovoltaic cell 2, the cleaning period is long, and the cleaning effect is good.
In a photovoltaic cell, a plurality of single solar cells are arranged in an array, in a second implementation mode, a transverse row of single solar cells can be shielded by the cleaning brush 210 in the daytime, at the moment, a bypass diode is suitably arranged in each single cell in the photovoltaic cell 2 to solve the hot spot effect generated by shielding the photovoltaic cell 2 by the cleaning brush 210, and the cleaning brush 210 moves along with the chain 204 in one direction to complete the function of cleaning the front side of the photovoltaic cell 2 and the two sides of the outer fin 1012 on the back side of the packaging shell 101.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy utilization device for temperature control of a photovoltaic cell comprises a packaging heat dissipation mechanism (1), wherein the packaging heat dissipation mechanism (1) comprises phase-change material paraffin (107) and a packaging shell (101); the packaging shell (101) is divided into a plurality of strip cavities which are not communicated with each other by the inner fins (1011), one end of each strip cavity is closed, and the other end of each strip cavity is opened;
the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a support frame (3), a transmission mechanism (20) and a surface cleaning mechanism (21); support on support frame (3) has encapsulation heat dissipation mechanism (1) and drive mechanism (20), and surface cleaning mechanism (21) links to each other with drive mechanism (20), encapsulation casing (101) opposite side surface still sets up a plurality of outer fins (1012), and outer fin (1012) and inner fin (1011) align to arrange, every rectangular cavity (1010) divide into filling space and expansion space, and phase change material paraffin (107) are filled every in the filling space, every be arranged flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation (10) in the expansion space, phase change material paraffin (107) heat absorption expansion work to realize that flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation (10) stretch out, drive mechanism (20) by flexible sealing mechanism of self-adaptation (10) drive is in order to realize surface cleaning mechanism (21) cyclic motion.
2. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the self-adaptive telescopic sealing mechanism (10) comprises a sealing ring (102), a piston (103), a compression spring (104) and a piston rod (1030) connected with the piston (103);
one side of the piston (103) is abutted against the paraffin phase-change material (1030), the other side of the piston (103) is connected with one end of the piston rod (1030), a sealing ring (102) which is in contact with the inner wall of the expansion space is installed on the piston (103), a compression spring (104) is sleeved on the piston rod (1030), two ends of the compression spring (104) are respectively abutted against the open end of the long strip cavity and the piston (103), and the other end of the piston rod (1030) is connected with the transmission mechanism (20).
3. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 2, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism (20) comprises a first transmission mechanism and two sets of second transmission mechanisms; the first transmission mechanism comprises a gear shaft (213) and a rack (214); and a rack (214) is installed at the other end of each piston rod (1030), the rack (214) is meshed with gear teeth on the gear shaft (213), and two ends of the gear shaft (213) are respectively connected with the second transmission mechanism so as to realize that the second transmission mechanism drives the surface cleaning mechanism (21) to circularly move.
4. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: each set of the second transmission mechanism comprises a top chain wheel (206), a chain (204) and an inscribed tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism (200) with a one-way transmission function; the internal tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism (200) is connected with a gear shaft (213), the internal tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism (200) is provided with an external gear tooth matched with a chain (204), a top chain wheel (206) is rotatably arranged on the support frame (3), the external gear tooth of the internal tooth-meshed ratchet mechanism (200) is in transmission connection with the top chain wheel (206) through the chain (204) to realize one-way circulation of the chain, and the surface cleaning mechanism (21) is fixed on the chain (240).
5. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 4, characterized in that: the surface cleaning mechanism (21) comprises a brush handle (219) and a cleaning brush (210), the brush handle (219) is connected with two chains (204), and the cleaning brush (210) is arranged on the brush handle (219).
6. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the internal gear-engaging type ratchet mechanism (200) comprises a support shaft (203), an external chain wheel (2025), an internal shaft cylinder (2021) and a first pawl (2023);
the outer circumferential surface of the inner shaft tube (2021) is fixed with a first pawl (2023), an outer chain wheel (2025) is sleeved on the inner shaft tube (2021), inner ratchets of the outer chain wheel (2025) are one-way teeth, the one-way teeth and the first pawl (2023) are matched to form an inner meshing type ratchet structure, one-way transmission of the outer chain wheel (2025) is realized, the support shaft (203) is rotatably arranged on the support frame (3), one end of the support shaft (203) is connected with the inner shaft tube (2021), and the other end of the support shaft is connected with the gear shaft (213).
7. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism (20) further comprises a limiting assembly, the limiting assembly comprises a second pawl (2061) and outer ratchets (3031), the second pawl (2061) is mounted on the side face of the top chain wheel (206), the outer ratchets (3031) are mounted on the support frame (3), and the second pawl (2061) and the outer ratchets (3031) are matched to form an outer meshed ratchet structure, so that the top chain wheel (206) and the outer chain wheel (2025) can rotate in the same rotating direction.
8. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the support frame (3) comprises a bracket (305), two outer shells (302) and two inner frames (303); the outer shell (302) is installed on two opposite sides of the support (305), the inner frames (303) are fixedly connected with the outer shell (302), the packaging shell (101) is fixedly connected onto the two inner frames (303), the supporting shaft (203) is rotatably arranged on the outer shell (302), and the outer ratchet (3031) is installed on the inner frames (303).
9. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: the gear shaft (213) is separately provided with external gears the number of which is consistent with that of the racks (214).
10. An energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: the cross section of the filling space is rectangular, and the cross section of the expansion space is circular.
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| CN202110465774.1A CN113162539B (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cell |
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| CN202110465774.1A CN113162539B (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Energy utilization device for temperature control of photovoltaic cell |
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| CN102509741A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | Compounding phase-change material and device used for heat dissipation of silicon group solar battery |
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2021
- 2021-04-28 CN CN202110465774.1A patent/CN113162539B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102509741A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | Compounding phase-change material and device used for heat dissipation of silicon group solar battery |
| CN107413691A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-12-01 | 广东科学技术职业学院 | A kind of automatic dust removing apparatus and its method of work, solar energy equipment |
| CN209608562U (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-11-08 | 天津生态城能源投资建设有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic temperature difference combined power generation device with accumulation of heat |
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