CN113162403B - Wide input and output range self-stabilizing current mode fixed conduction time control method - Google Patents

Wide input and output range self-stabilizing current mode fixed conduction time control method Download PDF

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CN113162403B
CN113162403B CN202110285771.XA CN202110285771A CN113162403B CN 113162403 B CN113162403 B CN 113162403B CN 202110285771 A CN202110285771 A CN 202110285771A CN 113162403 B CN113162403 B CN 113162403B
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inductive current
voltage
time
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CN113162403A (en
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钱钦松
时雷雷
许胜有
孙伟锋
时龙兴
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-input-output-range self-stabilizing current mode fixed conduction time control method, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, power transformation or power distribution. The method comprises the steps of carrying out digital operation on an acquired inductive current signal, an input voltage signal and an output voltage signal to obtain a required inductive current ripple signal; and inputting the output voltage feedback signal and the reference voltage signal into an error amplifier to obtain a control signal, and comparing the inductive current ripple signal with the control signal to obtain a conduction signal. The magnitude of the inductor current ripple signal is generated according to the corresponding on-time. When the conduction time is long, increasing the ripple signal of the inductive current; when the conduction time is shortened, the ripple signal of the inductive current is reduced to meet the stability conditions under different conduction times.

Description

Wide input and output range self-stabilizing current mode fixed conduction time control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a switching power supply, in particular to a wide-input-output-range self-stabilizing current mode fixed conduction time control method, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, power transformation or power distribution.
Background
Various DC-DC switching converter control technologies have been applied to switching power supplies so far, wherein the earliest control mode is voltage mode control, and the design analysis of the control mode is the simplest because the control mode only has one voltage loop, but the control mode also has the disadvantages of slow response speed and complex compensation design, so that a double-loop control strategy based on a current loop and a voltage loop is developed, and the double-loop control strategy is also called current mode control. The current mode control has faster response speed to input voltage and load change due to sampling of the inductor current; at the same time, the output filter circuit presents a pole in the feedback loop, so that the loop compensation becomes simpler and a larger bandwidth is obtained. The current mode control samples the inductor current, so that the current limiting protection function is provided, but the current mode control has the problem of secondary slope oscillation when the duty ratio is greater than 50%, which increases the design difficulty. In current mode and voltage mode control, when output voltage changes, the output voltage change is delayed for a period of time and then fed back to a control circuit due to the delay characteristic of a compensation network; after the control circuit receives the feedback of the output voltage change, delay is further generated in the PWM generation link due to clock signals, and the slowing of transient response is aggravated. Therefore, the fixed on-time control method is suitable for various converters, has the advantages of simple design, high light-heavy load efficiency, quick transient response and the like, and is widely applied to the design of various converters.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fixed on-time control scheme with reference voltage signal V at the positive terminal of the comparator as seen from both terminals of the comparatorREFThe negative terminal is an output voltage feedback signal VFBThe basic principle is that when the output voltage is fed back to the signal VFBBelow reference voltage signal VREFThen, a pulse with fixed on-time is generated to control the main power tube to be switched on. The principle of fixed on-time control is therefore based on output voltage ripple, which requires an output voltage ripple in phase with the inductor current. For an output capacitor with a relatively large ESR, the same phase ripple is present, otherwise an unstable condition will occur, and therefore further analysis of the current-mode fixed on-time control yields that the stability is related to the on-time. In order to maintain a relatively stable frequency of the fixed on-time control under different operating conditions, an adaptive fixed on-time control method is often used, i.e., the on-time is inversely proportional to the input voltage but directly proportional to the output voltage, which means that when the current mode fixed on-time control is applied under the wide input and wide output operating conditions (for example, under the battery charging and discharging application), the on-time becomes longer, and the stable state may be changed into the unstable state, so that it is necessary to improve the stability of the current mode fixed on-time control under the wide input and output range.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a method for controlling a current mode fixed conduction time with a wide input/output range and self-stabilization, so as to meet the requirement of stable current mode fixed conduction time in a wide input/output range application scenario, such as battery charging/discharging. The invention aims to maintain the stability of the system by automatically adjusting the magnitude of an inductive current ripple according to the conduction time in a current mode fixed conduction time control system; the method is characterized in that a corresponding algorithm is provided for solving the problem that the stability condition of the system is possibly damaged under the condition that the conduction time of the main power tube is prolonged, the self-adaptive stability of the current mode fixed conduction time is realized by introducing an inductive current amplification coefficient considering the influence of wide input and output on the conduction time, the conduction time is kept stable all the time under the working states of wide input voltage and wide output voltage, the stability of the system is improved, and the technical problem that the existing self-adaptive fixed conduction time control method has the defect that the stable state is converted into the unstable state under the wide input and output ranges is solved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
a wide input and output range self-stabilization current mode fixed conduction time control method is realized based on a control system comprising a sampling module, an inductive current ripple generation module, an error amplification module, a ripple comparison module and a self-adaptive conduction time generation module, and the control system is connected with a controlled switching power supply to form a closed loop.
The sampling module comprises a sampling circuit and a sampling calculation module, the sampling circuit obtains input voltage, output voltage and inductive current information from the main power circuit of the switching power supply, and the sampling calculation module calculates corresponding sampling voltage V according to the input voltage, the output voltage and the inductive current signalin、VoutAnd the inductor current ILAnd the signals are simultaneously output to the inductive current ripple generating module.
The inductive current ripple generation module firstly receives the input voltage information V output by the sampling moduleinAnd output voltage information VoutAnd inductor current information IL(ii) a Then according to the input voltage information VinAnd output voltage information VoutBy the formula
Figure BDA0002980385840000021
Calculating the conduction time T of the main power tube under the current working stateon，TswFor the switching period, the on-time T is changed due to the input and output voltages during the charging and discharging process of the batteryonWill change accordingly and constantly; then according to the formula
Figure BDA0002980385840000022
Calculating the required inductive current information ILThe amplification times k, M are the amplification times of the error voltage signals, alpha is the voltage division coefficient of the output voltage division network,
Figure BDA0002980385840000031
Cois an output capacitor due to TonThe amplification factor of the inductive current information is changed; finally, amplifying the k times of the ripple voltage signal V of the inductive currentLAnd the output is sent to a ripple comparison module for determining the conduction time of the switching tube.
The error amplification module is an error amplifier EA, the error amplification multiple of which is M, and the positive end of the error amplifier is connected with a reference voltage VREFThe reverse end of the error amplifier is connected with an output voltage feedback signal VFBUsing a reference voltage VREFSubtracting the output voltage feedback signal VFBObtaining a current error voltage signal VcFinally, the current error voltage signal V is usedcAnd the output is output to a ripple comparison module and used for determining the conduction time of the main power switch tube.
The ripple comparison module is used for determining the conduction time of the main power tube. Inductor current ripple voltage signal V in ripple comparison moduleLAnd an error voltage signal VcComparing, when the inductive current ripple voltage signal VLLess than the error voltage signal VcThen, a main power tube conducting signal V is outputGH. Main power tube conducting signal VGHAnd the output is output to the S end of the RS trigger, so that the main power tube is conducted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to a wide-input and wide-output range self-adaptive stable current mode fixed conduction time control method, which flexibly adjusts an inductance current amplification factor according to the real-time conduction time of a main power tube and an output signal error amplification factor, adaptively selects the ripple magnitude of inductance current under corresponding conduction time according to the inductance current amplification factor, takes the ripple voltage obtained by calculation according to the inductance current amplification factor as the object of current mode fixed conduction time control, can automatically adjust the ripple magnitude of the inductance current in an extremely wide working range, ensures the stability of current mode fixed conduction time control, and when the conduction time is long, the ripple of the inductance current is correspondingly increased, and when the conduction time is small, the ripple of the inductance current is correspondingly decreased.
(2) Compared with the traditional voltage mode or current mode control strategy, the invention can adapt to a wide input voltage and output voltage range, namely, the system can always keep stability when working in a state of extremely long conduction time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fixed on-time control scheme.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a control system that implements the control method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of an inductive current ripple and a control signal when the current mode fixed on-time control method of the present invention satisfies a stability condition.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of the waveforms of the inductor current and the output voltage when the on-time varies without using the current-mode fixed on-time control method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of waveforms of the inductor current and the output voltage when the on-time changes when the current mode fixed on-time control method of the present invention is adopted.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 2, the current mode fixed on-time control method for realizing wide input and output range self-stabilization is implemented based on a control system comprising a sampling module, an inductive current ripple generation module, an error amplification module, a ripple comparison module and a self-adaptive on-time generation module, and the control system is connected with a controlled switching power supply to form a closed loop.
As shown in FIG. 2, the sampling module includes a sampling circuit and a sampling calculation module, the sampling circuit obtains an input voltage V from the main power circuitinAn output voltage VOUTAnd the inductor current ILThen the sampling calculation module calculates the input voltage V according to the input voltageinAn output voltage VOUTAnd the inductive current ILCorresponding input voltage information V is obtained through calculationinAnd output voltage information VoutAnd inductor current information ILAnd simultaneously output to the inductive current ripple generating module.
As shown in fig. 2, the inductor current ripple generating module first receives the input voltage information V output by the sampling moduleinAnd output voltage information VoutAnd inductor current information ILSecondly on the basis of input voltage information VinAnd output voltage information VoutBy the formula
Figure BDA0002980385840000041
Calculating the conduction time T of the main power tube under the current working stateonThen according to the formula
Figure BDA0002980385840000042
Calculating the required inductive current information ILAmplifying by a multiple k, and finally amplifying by a multiple k to obtain an inductive current ripple voltage signal VLAnd the output is output to a ripple comparison module and used for determining the conduction time of the switching tube.
Formula (II)
Figure BDA0002980385840000043
The method is derived from the waveform diagram of the inductor current ripple and the control signal when the current mode fixed on-time control method shown in fig. 3 meets the stability condition. T in FIG. 30With inductive current ripple shown at timeIs equal to the control signal, i.e.
Figure BDA0002980385840000044
T in FIG. 34The same inductive current ripple is equal to the control signal at the time, i.e.
Figure BDA0002980385840000045
Then there are
Figure BDA0002980385840000046
Wherein M is a voltage feedback signal VFBAnd a reference voltage signal VREFError magnification of (3), RcThe resistance is sampled for the inductor current. As can be taken from figure 3 of the drawings,
Figure BDA0002980385840000047
wherein, Delta I0And Δ I1The deviation of the actual inductive current at the end of two consecutive periods from the steady inductive current, i.e. at t4Inductor current at time minus t0The inductor current at a time is the amount of change in the inductor current after the end of a cycle. Voltage feedback signal VFBAnd an output voltage VoutIn direct proportion, there is VFB＝αVoutThe output voltage is formed by connecting ripple voltage on Equivalent Series Resistor (ESR) and voltage at two ends of output capacitor in series, and then
Figure BDA0002980385840000051
As can be seen from FIG. 3, Δ Q1Is t0To t1The inductor current at the moment enables the electric charge released from the two ends of the output capacitor; delta Q2Is t1To t3The inductor current at the moment enables the electric charge quantity accumulated at two ends of the output capacitor; delta Q3Is t3To t4The inductor current at that time causes the amount of charge released across the output capacitor. Then, it can be deduced that:
Figure BDA0002980385840000052
derived formula from above
Figure BDA0002980385840000053
Taken together into the formula:
Figure BDA0002980385840000054
can obtain
Figure BDA0002980385840000055
From t in FIG. 30To t2At this moment, the inductor current is in a rising state, and at this moment, the main power tube is conducted, so that the rising slope is:
Figure BDA0002980385840000056
from t in FIG. 32To t4At this moment, the inductor current is in a descending state, and at this moment, the main power tube is turned off, so that the descending slope is as follows:
Figure BDA0002980385840000057
the area shaded in the figure then yields:
Figure BDA0002980385840000058
Figure BDA0002980385840000059
Figure BDA00029803858400000510
bringing the three formulas into
Figure BDA00029803858400000511
In the critical steady state of the inductor current, there is Δ I0＝ΔI1Thus, further critical stability conditions are available:
Figure BDA00029803858400000512
the conduction time T of the main power tube can be obtained from the stability conditiononAnd an inductor current sampling resistor RcError amplification times M of feedback voltage and reference voltage, voltage division coefficient alpha of feedback voltage, equivalent series resistor ESR of output capacitor and output capacitor COThere is a relationship. To ensure that the fixed on-time control of the current mode is in a stable state, only the current mode needs to be ensured
Figure BDA00029803858400000513
And (4) finishing. And is also provided with
Figure BDA00029803858400000514
Thus only need to satisfy
Figure BDA0002980385840000061
This relation must satisfy the stability condition and the system is in a stable state. RcFor the inductive current sampling resistance, i.e. the inductive current sampling coefficient, let Rc＝k＝λTonWherein
Figure BDA0002980385840000062
Defined in the inductive current ripple calculation module, and then the inductive current information ILAmplifying the current by k times, and finally amplifying the inductive current ripple voltage signal V by k timesLAnd the output is sent to a ripple comparison module for determining the conduction time of the switching tube.
The error amplification module is an error amplifier EA, and the error amplification multiple of the error amplifier EA is M. As shown in FIG. 2, the forward terminal of the error amplifier is connected to a reference voltage VREFThe reverse end of the error amplifier is connected with an output voltage feedback signal VFB. Using a reference voltage VREFSubtracting the output voltage feedback signal VFBObtaining a current error voltage signal Vc. Finally, the current error voltage signal V is usedcOutput to ripple comparison module for determining switching tubeThe turn-on time of.
The ripple comparison module is used for determining the conduction time of the main power tube. As shown in fig. 2, the inductor current ripple voltage signal V is compared in the ripple comparison moduleLAnd an error voltage signal VcA comparison is made. Since the current-mode fixed on-time control is based on the inductor current valley ripple, the voltage signal V is the inductor current rippleLGradually decreases and is less than the error voltage signal VcThen, a main power tube conducting signal V is outputGH. Main power tube conducting signal VGHAnd the output end of the RS trigger is connected to the S end of the RS trigger, so that the main power tube is conducted.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of the inductor current and the output voltage before and after the change of the on-time without the control method of the present invention. Before the change of the on-time TonSetting an inductance current sampling coefficient to meet the stability condition and keep the inductance current sampling coefficient unchanged under the condition of 2 us; after the change of the on-time, the on-time T at this timeonWhen the on-time becomes longer, the system is changed from the stable state to the unstable state, which is found to be 8us, because the inductor current sampling coefficient remains unchanged.
Fig. 5 is an emulation diagram of the inductor current and the output voltage before and after the change of the on-time when the control method of the present invention is employed. Before the change of the on-time TonSetting an inductance current sampling coefficient to meet a stability condition under the conduction time of 2us and changing along with the change of the conduction time; after the change of the on-time, the on-time T at this timeonIt can be seen that since the inductor current sampling coefficient changes with the on-time, the system can always maintain a stable state after the on-time becomes longer.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of construction and the particular embodiments disclosed, as such may vary, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, all changes which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for controlling the fixed conduction time of a current mode with wide input and output range and self-stabilization is characterized in that,
sampling input voltage information, output voltage information and inductive current information of a main power circuit of a switching power supply;
calculating the real-time conduction time of the main power tube according to the input voltage information and the output voltage information;
determining a critical stability condition according to the waveform of the ripple voltage of the inductive current and the waveform of the error signal of the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage in at least two continuous switching periods:
Figure FDA0003499733970000011
then by
Figure FDA0003499733970000012
Deriving an expression of the inductance current information amplification coefficient k as
Figure FDA0003499733970000013
Amplifying the inductive current information by k times to obtain an inductive current ripple voltage signal, wherein RcIs an inductive current sampling resistor, ESR is an equivalent series resistor of an output capacitor, M is an error amplification coefficient of an output voltage information feedback signal and a reference voltage, alpha is a voltage division coefficient of the output voltage information feedback signal, CoFor the output capacitance, TonReal-time conducting time is the main power tube;
and comparing the errors of the inductive current ripple voltage signal, the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage, and outputting a conducting signal to the main power tube only when the inductive current ripple voltage signal is smaller than the error of the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the real-time conduction time T of the main power transistor is calculatedonExpression ofIs of the formula
Figure FDA0003499733970000014
VinFor inputting voltage information, VoutFor outputting voltage information, TswIs a switching cycle.
3. The control system for implementing the wide input/output range self-stabilized current mode fixed on-time control method of claim 1 or 2, comprises:
the sampling module is used for sampling input voltage information, output voltage information and inductive current information of the main power circuit of the switching power supply;
the self-adaptive on-time generation module receives the input voltage information and the output voltage information output by the sampling module and calculates the real-time on-time of the main power tube according to the input voltage information and the output voltage information;
the inductive current ripple generation module is used for receiving the inductive current information output by the sampling module, calculating the inductive current information amplification coefficient according to the error amplification coefficient of the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage, the voltage division coefficient of the output voltage information feedback signal, the output capacitor and the real-time conduction time of the main power tube, and outputting an inductive current ripple voltage signal after performing digital operation according to the inductive current information amplification coefficient and the inductive current information;
the ripple comparison module receives the inductive current ripple voltage signal, the error between the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage, and outputs a conducting signal only when the inductive current ripple voltage signal is smaller than the error between the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
and the setting end of the RS trigger receives the conduction signal output by the ripple wave comparison module, and the resetting end of the RS trigger receives the real-time conduction time of the main power tube output by the self-adaptive conduction time generation module and outputs a driving signal to the main power tube.
4. The control system for realizing the current mode fixed conduction time control method with the wide input/output range and the self-stability according to claim 3, further comprising an error amplification module, wherein a forward input end of the error amplification module is connected to the reference voltage, a reverse input end of the error amplification module is connected to the output voltage information feedback signal, and an error between the output voltage information feedback signal and the reference voltage is output to the ripple comparison module.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102904445A (en) * 2012-10-15 2013-01-30 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 Control circuit and control method applied to high-frequency direct current converter
CN105978337A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 电子科技大学 COT control mode based offset voltage canceling circuit
CN108512422A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-09-07 西北工业大学 A kind of buck mode DC-DC converter of fixed turn-on time control
CN108988616A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-11 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 Ripple generative circuit, control circuit and switch converters

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102904445A (en) * 2012-10-15 2013-01-30 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 Control circuit and control method applied to high-frequency direct current converter
CN105978337A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 电子科技大学 COT control mode based offset voltage canceling circuit
CN108512422A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-09-07 西北工业大学 A kind of buck mode DC-DC converter of fixed turn-on time control
CN108988616A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-11 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 Ripple generative circuit, control circuit and switch converters

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