CN107070216B - Control method and control circuit of switching circuit and switching circuit - Google Patents
Control method and control circuit of switching circuit and switching circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN107070216B CN107070216B CN201710240190.8A CN201710240190A CN107070216B CN 107070216 B CN107070216 B CN 107070216B CN 201710240190 A CN201710240190 A CN 201710240190A CN 107070216 B CN107070216 B CN 107070216B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1203—Circuits independent of the type of conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of a switching circuit, a control circuit and the switching circuit. The switching circuit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, a fourth switching tube and an inductor, wherein the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted when a switching period starts, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, when the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, and the switching period ends; when the inductance current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, and the switching period is ended until the inductance current is larger than or equal to the third threshold value. The invention has higher conversion efficiency in a wider input/output voltage range, excellent dynamic performance and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a control method and a control circuit of a switching circuit and the switching circuit.
Background
The topology structure of the four-switch-tube Buck-Boost voltage-boosting circuit is shown in figure 1. The circuit comprises four power switching tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, an energy storage inductor L and an input end capacitor Cin and an output end capacitor Co. The switching tube Q1 is connected with the switching tube Q2 in series, the common end of the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q2 is a first node SW1, the switching tube Q1 is connected to the input end, the switching tube Q2 is connected to the ground, the input end is connected to the ground through a capacitor Cin, the switching tube Q3 is connected with the switching tube Q4 in series, the common end of the switching tube Q3 and the switching tube Q4 is a second node SW2, the switching tube Q3 is connected to the output end, the switching tube Q4 is connected to the ground, the output end is connected to the ground through a capacitor Co, and an inductor L is connected between the first node SW1 and the second node SW 2.
When the input voltage V IN Specific output voltage V O When a certain value is large, the circuit works in a Buck Buck mode, the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 work in a high-frequency switching state, the switching tube Q3 is always on, and the switching tube Q4 is always off; when the input voltage V IN Specific output voltage V O When the value is smaller than a certain value, the circuit works in a Boost mode, the switching tube Q3 and the switching tube Q4 work in a high-frequency switching state, the switching tube Q1 is always on, and the switching tube Q2 is always off; when V is IN And V is equal to O When the circuit is close, the circuit works in a Buck-Boost Buck mode, and the switching tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are all in a high-frequency switching state.
Different control strategies are different in switching conditions and control methods of three working modes (Buck, boost, buck-Boost), and different in working conditions of the Buck-Boost Buck mode. Since the efficiency of the Buck and Boost modes is high, the narrower the operating interval of the Buck-Boost Buck mode is, the better the operating interval is.
An existing control method is to sample the input voltage V for a control circuit IN And output voltage V O According to V IN And V O Three modes of operation:
V O ≤V IN -Vth1, the circuit is operating in Buck mode;
V O ≥V IN when +Vt2, the circuit works in Boost mode;
V IN -Vth1<V O <V IN +Vt2, the circuit works in Buck-Boost Buck mode;
wherein Vth1 and Vth2 are voltage thresholds.
The control method distinguishes three working modes according to the magnitude relation of input and output voltages. In order to stabilize the output voltage, a wider operation interval of a Buck-Boost Buck mode is generally required to be set, so that the average efficiency of the system is reduced.
Another conventional control method is shown in fig. 2 (a), in which the control circuit samples the output voltage V through sampling resistors R01, R02 O The obtained sampling voltage FB passes through an operational amplifier U00 is compared with an internal reference signal Vref, a compensation signal Vc is output, the compensation signal Vc and two carrier signals generated by a clock circuit U01 are input to the input end of a comparison circuit U02, and the comparison circuit U02 generates drive signals PWM for 4 pipes. As shown in fig. 2 b, the two carrier signals generated by the clock circuit U01 are sawtooth signals, and when the compensation signal Vc falls in the area 1 (gray part), the switching transistors Q1, Q4 are turned on; when the compensation signal Vc falls in the area 2 (white part), the switching tubes Q1 and Q3 are conducted; when the compensation signal Vc falls in the region 3 (diagonal line portion), the switching transistors Q2, Q3 are turned on. I.e.
When Vc is more than or equal to Vc1, the circuit works in Boost mode;
when Vc is less than or equal to Vc2, the circuit works in a Buck Buck mode;
when Vc2 is less than Vc1, the circuit works in a Buck-Boost Buck mode.
The control method needs to adopt voltage mode control, and the dynamic response of the system is poor. The reason is that the voltage signal changes with a certain hysteresis relative to the current signal, and the control loop is designed to enable the system to work stably by reducing the bandwidth of the system, which is a cost of reducing the dynamic performance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a control method, a control circuit and a switching circuit of a four-switch tube circuit, which are used for solving the problems of low average efficiency and poor dynamic response of a system in the prior art.
The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a control method of a switching circuit, comprising: the control method comprises the following steps of connecting a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, a fourth switching tube and an inductor in series, wherein the common end of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is a first node, the first switching tube is connected to an input end, the second switching tube is connected to the ground, the common end of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is a second node, the third switching tube is connected to an output end, the fourth switching tube is connected to the ground, and the inductor is connected between the first node and the second node, and the control method comprises the following steps:
when the switching period starts, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off,
when the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started;
when the inductance current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off until the inductance current is larger than or equal to the third threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started, wherein the first threshold value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than or equal to the fourth threshold value.
Optionally, among the first threshold value, the second threshold value, the third threshold value, and the fourth threshold value, the second threshold value is equal to the third threshold value; or the first threshold value is equal to the second threshold value is equal to the third threshold value; or the second threshold is equal to the third threshold and the fourth threshold.
Optionally, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold are derived from a command current.
Alternatively, the command current is obtained by amplifying an output feedback signal and a reference signal by an error.
Optionally, the output feedback signal includes:
an output voltage feedback signal or an output current feedback signal or an output power feedback signal.
Optionally, the second threshold value and the third threshold value are equal to the instruction current, and the first threshold value is the sum of the instruction current and the difference current; the fourth threshold is the command current minus the difference current.
Optionally, the switching period is greater than a first predetermined time, reducing the differential current; the switching period is smaller than the first preset time, and the difference current is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time, the differential current is unchanged.
Alternatively, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the state duration reaches a second predetermined time,
when the inductance current is larger than the instruction current, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to the instruction current, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is entered;
when the inductance current is smaller than the instruction current, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off until the inductance current is larger than or equal to the instruction current, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started.
According to another technical scheme, the control circuit of the switching circuit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, a fourth switching tube and an inductor, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series, a common end of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is a first node, the first switching tube is connected to an input end, the second switching tube is connected to the ground, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series, a common end of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is a second node, the third switching tube is connected to an output end, the fourth switching tube is connected to the ground, and the inductor is connected between the first node and the second node, and the control circuit is characterized by comprising:
an inductor current control circuit;
the inductor current signal, the first threshold value, the second threshold value, the third threshold value and the fourth threshold value are connected to the input end of the inductor current control circuit, and the inductor current control circuit outputs a switching signal;
when the switching period starts, the inductive current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the third switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be turned off,
when the inductance current control circuit detects that the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, the inductance current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be turned off, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current control circuit detects that the inductance current is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is entered;
when the inductor current control circuit detects that the inductor current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, the inductor current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube to be turned off, until the inductor current control circuit detects that the inductor current is larger than or equal to the third threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started, wherein the first threshold value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than or equal to the fourth threshold value.
Optionally, the second threshold is equal to the third threshold is equal to a command current.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes:
and the first operational amplifier outputs a feedback signal and a reference signal through error amplification, and the instruction current is obtained.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes:
the input end of the adder is connected with the instruction current and the difference current, the output end of the adder is the first threshold value, and the first threshold value is the sum of the instruction current and the difference current;
the input end of the subtracter is connected with the instruction current and the difference current, the output end of the subtracter is the fourth threshold value, and the fourth threshold value is the instruction current minus the difference current.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes:
the switching signal is connected to the input end of the differential current adjusting circuit, the output end of the differential current adjusting circuit outputs the differential current, the switching period is longer than a first preset time, and the differential current is reduced; the switching period is smaller than the first preset time, and the difference current is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time, the differential current is unchanged.
A further technical solution of the present invention is to provide a switching circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the circuit structure and the method have the following advantages: the buck-boost mode has a narrow working range, and the system has high conversion efficiency in a wider input-output voltage range. The invention adopts current mode control, and has better dynamic performance than voltage mode control, including input voltage step response and output load step response. The invention adopts cycle-by-cycle current control, can limit the current of each switching cycle, prevent the damage caused by overlarge current, thus having higher reliability. When the input voltage V IN And output voltage V o When the size relation is different, the circuit can be naturally switched to different working modes, so that the normal working of the circuit is ensured, and the system requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art four-switch-tube Buck-Boost voltage step-down circuit;
FIG. 2 (a) is a control circuit block diagram of a four-switch-tube Buck-Boost Buck circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 2 (b) is a compensation signal and a carrier signal in a control circuit of a four-switch-tube Buck-Boost circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a four-switch tube control method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another flow chart of the four-switch tube control method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a steady state waveform in Buck Buck mode of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a steady state waveform of the present invention in Boost mode;
FIG. 7 is another steady state waveform of the present invention in Buck Buck mode;
FIG. 8 is a steady-state waveform in Buck-Boost Buck mode of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a differential current regulation circuit;
fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of a timing circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments only. The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details.
The invention is more particularly described by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in a simplified form and are not to scale precisely, but rather are merely intended to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of a four-switch tube control method of the present invention is illustrated. The control method is based on the four-switch topology of fig. 1. In fig. 1, a switching tube Q1 is a first switching tube, a switching tube Q2 is a second switching tube, a switching tube Q3 is a third switching tube, and a switching tube Q4 is a fourth switching tube. The switching tube Q1 is connected with the switching tube Q2 in series, the common end of the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q2 is a first node SW1, the switching tube Q1 is connected to the input end, the switching tube Q2 is connected to the ground, the input end is connected to the ground through a capacitor Cin, the switching tube Q3 is connected with the switching tube Q4 in series, the common end of the switching tube Q3 and the switching tube Q4 is a second node SW2, the switching tube Q3 is connected to the output end, the switching tube Q4 is connected to the ground, the output end is connected to the ground through a capacitor Co, and an inductor L is connected between the first node SW1 and the second node SW 2. The technical solution of the invention is to provide a control method of the following steps:
step S001: at the beginning of the switching cycle, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
Step S002: judging whether the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, if so, entering step S004, otherwise, continuing to keep the first switching tube and the third switching tube on, turning off the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, and entering step S003.
Step S003: judging whether the inductance current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, if so, proceeding to step S006, otherwise, continuing to keep the first switching tube and the third switching tube on, turning off the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, and proceeding to step S002.
Step S004: after step S002, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on.
Step S005: judging the magnitude of the inductance current and the second threshold value, and when the inductance current is smaller than the second threshold value, ending the switching period, entering the next switching period, namely returning to the step S001, wherein the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
Step S006: after step S003, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned on, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off.
Step S007: judging the magnitude of the inductance current and the third threshold value, and when the inductance current is larger than or equal to the third threshold value, ending the switching period, entering the next switching period, namely returning to the step S001, wherein the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
The first threshold value, the second threshold value, the third threshold value and the fourth threshold value may all be unequal, or the second threshold value is equal to the third threshold value; or the first threshold is equal to the third threshold of the second threshold; or the second threshold is equal to the third threshold and the fourth threshold.
The first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold are derived from the command current.
In one embodiment, the second threshold is equal to the third threshold is equal to the command current. The command current is obtained by amplifying an output feedback signal and a reference signal through errors. The feedback signal includes: an output voltage feedback signal or an output current feedback signal or an output power feedback signal. When the feedback signal is an output voltage feedback signal, the constant voltage control is output; when the feedback signal is an output current feedback signal, the output constant current control is performed; and when the feedback signal is an output power feedback signal, the constant power control is output.
In one embodiment, the first threshold is the sum of the command current ic and the difference current Δi; the fourth threshold is the command current ic minus the difference current Δi.
In one embodiment, the constant frequency operation can be realized by adjusting the differential current Δi, and the specific method is as follows: the switching period is longer than a first preset time T, namely, the preset switching period, and the difference current delta i is reduced; the switching period is smaller than the first preset time T, and the difference current delta i is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time T, the differential current is unchanged by Δi.
For convenience of description, defining UU state as the first and third switching tubes are turned on, and the second and fourth switching tubes are turned off; the DU state is that the second and third switching tubes are turned on, and the first and fourth switching tubes are turned off; the UD state is that the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, and the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned on.
In one embodiment, when the input and output voltages are close, the inductor current may be always between the first threshold value and the fourth threshold value when the circuit is in the UU state, and thus, the inductor current may be always in the UU state, and then the inductor current may oscillate. In order to avoid oscillation of the inductor current, the following control method is added:
the UU state duration reaches a second preset time, when the inductance current is larger than the instruction current, the DU state is entered until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to the instruction current, the switching cycle is ended, and the next switching cycle is entered, namely the UU state is entered; and when the inductance current is smaller than the instruction current, entering a UD state until the inductance current is larger than or equal to the instruction current, ending the switching period, and entering the next switching period, namely entering a UU state. Referring to fig. 4, the control method is added to the control procedure shown in fig. 3.
Step S001: at the beginning of the switching cycle, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
Step S002: judging whether the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, if so, entering step S004, otherwise, continuing to keep the first switching tube and the third switching tube on, turning off the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, and entering step S003.
Step S003: judging whether the inductance current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, if so, proceeding to step S006, otherwise, continuing to keep the first switching tube and the third switching tube on, turning off the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube, and proceeding to step S100.
Step S100: and judging whether the first switch tube and the third switch tube are turned on, the second switch tube and the fourth switch tube are turned off, and if the state maintaining time reaches the second preset time, entering step S002, and if the state maintaining time does not reach the second preset time, entering step S101.
Step S101: judging whether the inductance current is larger than the command current, if so, proceeding to step S004, and if not, proceeding to step S006.
Step S004: after step S002 or step S101, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on.
Step S005: judging the magnitude of the inductance current and the command current, and when the inductance current is smaller than the command current, ending the switching cycle, entering the next switching cycle, namely returning to the step S001, wherein the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
Step S006: after step S003 or step S101, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned on, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off.
Step S007: judging the magnitude of the inductance current and the command current, and when the inductance current is larger than or equal to the command current, ending the switching period, entering the next switching period, namely returning to the step S001, wherein the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off.
Taking output constant voltage control as an example, the operation of the control method under various input/output voltage conditions will be described.
Referring to FIG. 5, when the input voltage V IN Greater than the output voltage V O And when the UU state duration is smaller than the second preset time, the circuit works in the Buck step-down mode. In Buck mode, the level of the first node SW1 is switched high and the level of the second node SW2 is always high. The first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are complementarily switched, the third switching tube Q3 is normally on, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is normally off. In Buck mode, the two states of UU and DU are switched back and forth. As shown in fig. 5, at time t=0, the first node SW1 is at a high level, the SW2 is at a high level, the first switching tube Q1 is turned on, the second switching tube Q2 is turned off, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned off. Inductor current i L And linearly rises. When the inductance current i L When the first threshold is reached, the DU state is entered. At this time, the level of the first node SW1 is low, the level of the second node SW2 is high, the first switching tube Q1 is turned off, the second switching tube Q2 is turned on, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned off. On the other hand, the command current ic remains relatively stable due to the constant voltage control. Inductor current i L Linearly decrease when the inductance current i L When the command current ic is equal to the command current ic, a next cycle is entered, i.e., the UU state is entered again.
Referring to FIG. 6, when the input voltage V IN Less than the output voltage V O And when the UU state duration is smaller than the second preset time, the circuit works in the Boost mode. In Boost mode, the level of the first node SW1 is always high and the level of the second node SW2 is switched. Correspondingly, the first switching tube Q1 is normally on, the second switching tube Q2 is normally off, and the third switching tube Q3 and the fourth switching tube Q4 are complementarily switched. In Boost mode, the two states of UU and UD are switched back and forth. As shown in FIG. 6As shown, at time t=0, in a UU state, at this time, the level of the first node SW1 is high, the level of the second node SW2 is high, the first switching tube Q1 is turned on, the second switching tube Q2 is turned off, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned off. Inductor current i L The linearity decreases. When the inductance current i L When the second threshold is reached, the UD state is entered. At this time, the level of the first node SW1 is high, the level of the second node SW2 is low, the first switching tube Q1 is turned on, the second switching tube Q2 is turned off, the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned on. On the other hand, the command current ic remains relatively stable due to the constant voltage control. Inductor current i L Linearly rise when the inductor current i L When the command current ic is equal to the command current ic, a next cycle is entered, i.e., the UU state is entered again.
When the input voltage is close to the output voltage and the input voltage is larger than the output voltage, the UU state duration reaches the second preset time, the inductor current i L If the current is larger than the instruction current ic, the state of DU is entered, and the inductance current i is L Falling when the inductance current i L When the command current ic decreases, the UU state is entered again. If the input voltage is greater than the output voltage, the inductor current rises, as shown in fig. 7, and continues to work in the Buck state; when the input/output voltage is further close, UU state duration reaches the second preset time, the inductor current i L If the current is larger than the instruction current ic, the state of DU is entered, and the inductance current i is L Falling when the inductance current i L When the command current ic falls, the current re-enters the UU state, and the UU state starts due to the delay of the comparator, so that the inductor current i L When the duration of the UU state has reached the second predetermined time, which has been smaller than the command current ic, the inductor current i L Still smaller than the command current ic, enter the UD state, and pass the minimum conduction time of the UD state, the inductor current i L Greater than the command current ic, the UU state is entered again as shown in fig. 8. Therefore, when the input voltage and the output voltage are close, the control mode can be smoothly switched among Buck, buck-Boost and Boost modes according to the magnitude of the output voltage and the input voltage. And at the moment, the switching frequency is low, and the system efficiency is high.
The control method of the invention is suitable forAt input voltage V IN And output voltage V O Various cases of different sizes. When the input voltage V IN And output voltage V O When the size relation is different, the circuit can be naturally switched to different working modes, so that the normal working of the circuit is ensured, and the system requirement is met.
Referring to fig. 9, a four-switch-tube control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The control circuit includes an inductor current control circuit 201. Inductor current signal i L The first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold and the fourth threshold are connected to the input end of the inductor current control circuit 201, the inductor current control circuit outputs switch signals G1-G4, and the switches Q1-Q4 are controlled by the driving circuit respectively. When the switching period starts, the inductor current control circuit 201 controls the first switching tube Q1 and the third switching tube Q3 to be turned on, and the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 to be turned off, and when the inductor current control circuit 201 detects the inductor current i L If the current is greater than the first threshold, the inductor current control circuit 201 controls the first switching tube Q1 and the fourth switching tube Q4 to be turned off, and the second switching tube Q2 and the third switching tube Q3 to be turned on until the inductor current control circuit 201 detects the inductor current i L If the switching period is smaller than or equal to the second threshold value, ending the switching period and entering the next switching period; when the inductor current control circuit 201 detects the inductor current i L If the current is smaller than the fourth threshold, the inductor current control circuit 201 controls the first switching tube Q1 and the fourth switching tube Q4 to be turned on, and the second switching tube Q2 and the third switching tube Q3 to be turned off until the inductor current control circuit 201 detects the inductor current i L And if the switching period is larger than or equal to the third threshold value, ending the switching period and entering the next switching period. The first threshold value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than or equal to the fourth threshold value.
Referring to fig. 10, in one embodiment, the second threshold is equal to the third threshold is equal to the command current.
In one embodiment, the control circuit further includes an adder 203 and a subtractor 204, input ends of the adder and the subtractor are connected to the command current ic and the difference current Δi, and an output end of the adder is a first threshold value, where the first threshold value is a sum of the command current ic and the difference current Δi, i.e., ic+Δi; the output end of the subtracter is a second threshold value, and the second threshold value is the instruction current ic minus the difference current delta i, namely ic-delta i.
In one embodiment, the control circuit further includes a first op-amp 202. The first op-amp 202 error amplifies the output feedback signal FB and the reference signal Vref1 to obtain the command current ic. When the feedback signal FB is output to feed back the output voltage, the output voltage is output at a constant voltage, and the output voltage can be sampled by a voltage dividing resistor; when the output feedback signal FB feeds back the output current, the constant current output is realized, and the sampling resistor can be used for sampling the output current; when the output feedback signal FB feeds back the output power, the output power is constant power output, and the output voltage and the output current can be sampled to obtain the output power.
In order to realize the fixed frequency operation, the control circuit further comprises a differential current adjusting circuit 205, a switching signal is connected to the input end of the differential current adjusting circuit, the output end of the differential current adjusting circuit outputs a differential current delta i, and when the switching period is larger than a first preset time T, the differential current delta i is reduced; when the switching period is smaller than the first preset time T, the difference current delta i is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time T, the differential current Δi is unchanged.
Please refer to fig. 11 and 12, which illustrate an implementation of the differential current adjusting circuit 205. The differential current regulating circuit 205 includes a timer circuit 501, a voltage comparing circuit 502, and a regulating circuit 503. The switching signal is connected to the input of the timing circuit 501 and the voltage comparison circuit 502, the output of the timing circuit 501 is connected to the other input of the voltage comparison circuit 502, the output of the voltage comparison circuit 502 is connected to the input of the regulating circuit 503, and the regulating circuit 503 outputs the difference current Δi.
The timing circuit 501 includes a current source 5011, a switch 5013, and a capacitor 5012. Wherein the current source 5011 and the capacitor 5012 are in series and the switch 5013 and the capacitor 5012 are in parallel. When the UU state begins, the switch 5013 is turned on for a period of time that is much shorter than the UU state duration, e.g., 30ns, and the upper voltage of the capacitor 5012 is reset to 0. The switch 5013 is then turned off and the capacitor 5012 is charged using the current source 5011. The current source 5011 may be a fixed current source or a non-fixed current source. In the present embodiment, the current source 5011 and the capacitor 5012 are sized such that the capacitor 5012 is just charged to the reference voltage Vref2 at the first predetermined time T. When the switching period is too long, the time for which the switch 5013 is turned off is longer until the next switch appears, and the time for which the capacitor 5012 is charged is too long, at this time, the voltage comparing circuit 502 compares the timing voltage output by the voltage output end of the capacitor 5012 (i.e., the peak voltage of the capacitor 5012) with the reference voltage Vref2, and when the timing voltage is greater than the reference voltage Vref2, it indicates that the next UU state appears, the first predetermined time T is exceeded; when the switching period is too short, the switch 5013 is turned off for too short a period of time until the next switching period occurs, and the capacitor 5012 is charged for too short a period of time, at which the voltage comparing circuit 502 compares the timing voltage at the voltage output terminal of the capacitor 5012 (i.e., the peak voltage of the capacitor 5012) with the reference voltage Vref2, and when the timing voltage is less than the reference voltage Vref2, it indicates that the first predetermined time T is not reached when the next UU state occurs.
When the UU state of the next cycle occurs, exceeding the first predetermined time T, the adjusting circuit 503 decreases the current difference Δi, and the switching cycle becomes shorter; when the UU state of the next period does not exceed the first predetermined time T, the adjusting circuit 503 increases the current difference Δi, and the switching period becomes longer; therefore, the switching period of the switching circuit can be controlled to be equal to the first preset time T or the difference value of the switching period and the first preset time T can be controlled to be within a certain range.
In addition, although the embodiments are described and illustrated separately above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some common techniques may be substituted and integrated between the embodiments, and that reference may be made to another embodiment without explicitly recited in one of the embodiments.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above embodiments should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. The control method of the switching circuit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, a fourth switching tube and an inductor, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series, the common end of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is a first node, the first switching tube is connected to an input end, the second switching tube is connected to the ground, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series, the common end of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is a second node, the third switching tube is connected to an output end, the fourth switching tube is connected to the ground, and the inductor is connected between the first node and the second node, and the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the switching period starts, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off,
when the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started;
when the inductance current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off until the inductance current is larger than or equal to a third threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started, wherein the first threshold value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than or equal to the fourth threshold value.
2. The control method of a switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the second threshold value is equal to the third threshold value among the first threshold value, the second threshold value, the third threshold value and the fourth threshold value; or the first threshold value is equal to the second threshold value is equal to the third threshold value; or the second threshold is equal to the third threshold and the fourth threshold.
3. The control method of a switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold are derived from a command current.
4. A control method of a switching circuit according to claim 3, wherein: the instruction current is obtained by amplifying an output feedback signal and a reference signal through errors.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the output feedback signal comprises:
an output voltage feedback signal or an output current feedback signal or an output power feedback signal.
6. A control method of a switching circuit according to claim 3, wherein: the second threshold value and the third threshold value are equal to the instruction current, and the first threshold value is the sum of the instruction current and the difference current; the fourth threshold is the command current minus the difference current.
7. The control method of a switching circuit according to claim 6, wherein: the switching period is longer than a first preset time, and the difference current is reduced; the switching period is smaller than the first preset time, and the difference current is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time, the differential current is unchanged.
8. The control method of a switching circuit according to claim 6, wherein: the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the duration reaches a second preset time,
when the inductance current is larger than the instruction current, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current is smaller than or equal to the instruction current, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is entered;
when the inductance current is smaller than the instruction current, the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube are conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off until the inductance current is larger than or equal to the instruction current, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started.
9. The utility model provides a control circuit of switch circuit, switch circuit includes first switch tube, second switch tube, third switch tube, fourth switch tube and inductance, first switch tube and second switch tube establish ties, the public end of first switch tube and second switch tube is first node, first switch tube is connected to the input, the second switch tube is connected to ground, third switch tube and fourth switch tube establish ties, the public end of third switch tube and fourth switch tube is the second node, the third switch tube is connected to the output, the fourth switch tube is connected to ground, the inductance is connected between first node and second node, its characterized in that:
an inductor current control circuit;
the inductor current signal, the first threshold value, the second threshold value, the third threshold value and the fourth threshold value are connected to the input end of the inductor current control circuit, and the inductor current control circuit outputs a switching signal;
when the switching period starts, the inductive current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the third switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be turned off,
when the inductance current control circuit detects that the inductance current is larger than a first threshold value, the inductance current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be turned off, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on until the inductance current control circuit detects that the inductance current is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is entered;
when the inductor current control circuit detects that the inductor current is smaller than a fourth threshold value, the inductor current control circuit controls the first switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube and the third switching tube to be turned off, until the inductor current control circuit detects that the inductor current is larger than or equal to the third threshold value, the switching period is ended, and the next switching period is started, wherein the first threshold value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than or equal to the fourth threshold value.
10. The control circuit of claim 9, wherein the second threshold is equal to the third threshold is equal to a command current.
11. The control circuit of the switching circuit of claim 10, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
and the first operational amplifier outputs a feedback signal and a reference signal through error amplification, and the instruction current is obtained.
12. The control circuit of the switching circuit of claim 11, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
the input end of the adder is connected with the instruction current and the difference current, the output end of the adder is the first threshold value, and the first threshold value is the sum of the instruction current and the difference current;
the input end of the subtracter is connected with the instruction current and the difference current, the output end of the subtracter is the fourth threshold value, and the fourth threshold value is the instruction current minus the difference current.
13. The control circuit of the switching circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
the switching signal is connected to the input end of the differential current adjusting circuit, the output end of the differential current adjusting circuit outputs the differential current, the switching period is longer than a first preset time, and the differential current is reduced; the switching period is smaller than the first preset time, and the difference current is increased; the switching period is equal to the first predetermined time, the differential current is unchanged.
14. A switching circuit, characterized in that: a control circuit comprising any one of claims 9 to 13.
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| CN201720385728.XU Active CN207459996U (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-04-13 | The control circuit and on-off circuit of a kind of on-off circuit |
| CN201710347635.2A Active CN107123969B (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-05-17 | Output protection circuit and method |
| CN201711444591.1A Pending CN108111019A (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-12-27 | A kind of control method of on-off circuit, control circuit and on-off circuit |
| CN201721863654.2U Active CN207732644U (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-12-27 | A kind of control circuit and switching circuit of switching circuit |
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| CN201711444591.1A Pending CN108111019A (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-12-27 | A kind of control method of on-off circuit, control circuit and on-off circuit |
| CN201721863654.2U Active CN207732644U (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-12-27 | A kind of control circuit and switching circuit of switching circuit |
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| CN107070216B (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2023-06-23 | 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 | Control method and control circuit of switching circuit and switching circuit |
| CN109066579B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-02-07 | 重庆惠科金渝光电科技有限公司 | Overvoltage protection method and device |
| CN109742943B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2021-01-08 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Control circuit and control method of buck-boost type switch circuit |
| CN110165916A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-23 | 杰华特微电子（杭州）有限公司 | Control circuit, control method and the wireless charging transmitter using it of switching circuit |
| CN110224599A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 中北大学 | A kind of multiphase buck-boost alternation parallel DC/DC translation circuit |
| CN110399031A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-11-01 | 武汉高德红外股份有限公司 | The method and board of power consumption are reduced based on integrated form boost-buck power chip |
| CN111509968B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-19 | 重庆斯微奇电子技术有限公司 | Switching power supply output voltage control circuit |
| CN113364040B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-09-16 | 山东鲁软数字科技有限公司智慧能源分公司 | Photovoltaic grid-connected automatic voltage stabilization control device and method |
| CN114094826B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-09-30 | 珠海智融科技股份有限公司 | Method, system, equipment and medium for improving efficiency of buck-boost controller |
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| CN107123969B (en) | 2019-11-29 |
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| CN207459996U (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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| CN107123969A (en) | 2017-09-01 |
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