CN113162141B - Portable safe charging system and method for lithium battery suitable for low-temperature environment - Google Patents
Portable safe charging system and method for lithium battery suitable for low-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113162141B CN113162141B CN202110287537.0A CN202110287537A CN113162141B CN 113162141 B CN113162141 B CN 113162141B CN 202110287537 A CN202110287537 A CN 202110287537A CN 113162141 B CN113162141 B CN 113162141B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A portable system and method for low-temperature battery safe charging, the said system includes the low-temperature energy supply, energy supply chooses the switching circuit, power supply regulating circuit, charging control module and contravariant module, it is supplying energy, low-temperature lithium battery and portable low-temperature charging equipment to make up first; then, the power supply supplies power, and the portable low-temperature charging equipment controls output alternating current to heat the lithium battery and recover the temperature; and finally, the portable low-temperature charging equipment controls the output direct current to charge the lithium battery with recovered temperature. The energy supply power supply of multiple form can be adapted to, multiple heating condition and charging requirement can be set for through the manual work, the safe charging that need not pre-installation firing equipment of low temperature lithium cell has been realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a portable safe charging method for an external low-temperature power-loss battery.
Background
With the widespread use of lithium ion batteries, diversified charging forms have also emerged successively. Because the low temperature has a great influence on the performance and safety of the lithium ion battery, especially when the lithium ion battery is directly charged at a temperature below 0 ℃, internal lithium plating is more easily caused, the service life is further influenced, and the safety is reduced, so that the safe charging in a low-temperature environment is an important technical problem to be solved in the field at present. The existing solution usually adopts a method of heating first and then charging, namely, an external device heats the lithium battery by using an oil bath and a PTC heating resistor, and then the lithium battery is charged by using a charger. However, with the development of mobile charging technology, the application of the above-mentioned existing low-temperature heating method is also limited to a certain extent, and the problem of providing a suitable heating device for the battery to be charged in time in the mobile charging process in a low-temperature environment cannot be solved yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a portable safe charging system and method for a lithium battery in a low temperature environment, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that the lithium battery is heated by external equipment which generates heat, and the problem in the prior art that the lithium battery is not universal and does not need to be supplied with power by a power grid.
The portable system and the method for safely charging the low-temperature battery realize the functions of firstly carrying out alternating current heating on the external low-temperature power-lack battery by using external energy supply, and then carrying out charging after the temperature is recovered, and also have the capability of carrying out charging or heating independently.
The system specifically comprises the following main functional modules:
the low-temperature energy supply device comprises a low-temperature energy supply source, an energy supply source selection switching circuit, a power supply adjusting circuit, a charging control module and an inversion module;
the low-temperature energy supply source is connected with the energy supply source selection switching circuit and used for realizing energy supply source type selection and self-heating gating when the energy supply source is a full-climate battery;
the power supply source selection switching circuit is used for enabling the low-temperature power supply source to generate heat and/or the lithium battery to generate heat automatically according to the type of the lithium battery and the type of the low-temperature power supply source;
the power supply adjusting circuit is used for rectifying, regulating and isolating power frequency alternating current and outputting direct current to charge the lithium battery which finishes heating and temperature rising;
the charging control module is used for determining whether a charging condition is met or not according to the type of the lithium battery and the surface temperature of the lithium battery; if so, stopping heating the low-temperature energy supply source and/or the lithium battery and closing the power supply adjusting circuit for charging; if not, keeping the low-temperature energy supply and/or the lithium battery to continue heating and increasing the temperature; the charging control module may also be used to provide power to a cryogenic energy supply;
the inversion module is used for carrying out direct current charging or providing alternating current excitation for the lithium battery to enable the lithium battery to switch between two states of self heat generation.
Further, the low-temperature energy supply source adopts a full-climate battery and/or a low-temperature-resistant battery, is temporarily connected to the vicinity of the lithium battery through a structural component during charging, or is arranged at the end of the lithium battery to generate heat by utilizing power-frequency alternating current for excitation; thus, the invention has three energy supply modes: the all-weather battery, the low-temperature-resistant battery and the power frequency alternating current can be used as energy supply input of the equipment. The difference is that the all-weather battery needs to utilize self electric energy and self heating sheets for self heating, and finally outputs direct current; the remaining two categories do not require a self-heating step.
Furthermore, the internal resistance of the lithium battery is directly used as a low-temperature heat generating element, and self-heating is carried out by utilizing alternating current excitation without additionally arranging a heating element.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a portable safe charging method of the lithium battery suitable for the low-temperature environment, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting the low-temperature energy supply source input with an energy supply source selection switching circuit; the energy supply selection switching circuit identifies the type of a low-temperature energy supply and the type of a lithium battery, and the charging control module senses the surface temperature of the lithium battery and determines whether the lithium battery is in a low-temperature power shortage state;
s2, providing a corresponding heating mode and setting corresponding heating parameters under the condition that the lithium battery has a heating requirement according to a low-temperature energy supply source, the type of the lithium battery and a temperature sensing result;
and S3, when the surface temperature of the lithium battery rises to be separated from the low-temperature state, providing a corresponding charging mode and setting charging parameters.
Further, when the all-weather battery is used as the low-temperature energy supply source, the all-weather battery is temporarily connected to the position near the lithium battery through a structural component during charging, and the energy supply source selection switching module controls the power supply adjusting module to output direct current to drive the low-temperature energy supply source to generate heat.
Furthermore, the internal resistance of the lithium battery is directly used as a low-temperature energy supply source, and the self-heating is carried out by utilizing alternating current excitation.
Further, the charging control module provides charging power for the low-temperature energy supply source when the low-temperature energy supply source is insufficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least comprises the following advantages:
1) The system and the method provided by the invention use the all-weather battery, the low-temperature-resistant battery and the power frequency alternating current as the energy supply source, and realize the movable and portable heating and charging of the external low-temperature power-loss lithium battery through the equipment;
2) The power frequency alternating current can be used as a power supply source, the external low-temperature power-shortage battery is heated and charged through the equipment, and the power frequency alternating current can be used under the universal standard;
3) When the internal resistance of the lithium battery is directly used as a low-temperature energy supply source, the lithium battery is not required to be provided with related heating equipment for heating, so that the system structure is simplified;
4) The high-frequency alternating current used can ensure that the power-deficient battery does not age quickly under low-temperature heating;
5) The mode of heating first and then charging ensures that the power-deficient battery is not damaged and lithium is separated at low temperature, and the safety of low-temperature charging of the battery is ensured;
6) The power frequency alternating current can be used as a power supply source to directly charge the all-weather battery and the low-temperature-resistant battery, and the rapid charging of the portable battery is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a portable method for safe charging of a low temperature external battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the low temperature external battery safe charging portable device of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a functional explanatory diagram of the portable device for safely charging the low-temperature external battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The system of the invention combines the energy supply, the external low-temperature power-loss battery and the portable low-temperature charging equipment; when the all-weather battery is used as an energy supply source, the portable low-temperature charging equipment outputs current to the self heating element to generate heat under the control of the portable low-temperature charging equipment, and the temperature of the all-weather battery is recovered. When other types of low-temperature-resistant batteries or power frequency alternating current are used as energy supply sources, the step is not carried out; then, the power supply supplies power, and the portable low-temperature charging equipment controls output alternating current to heat the lithium battery with low-temperature power loss and recovers the temperature; and finally, the portable low-temperature charging equipment controls the output direct current to charge the insufficient-temperature lithium battery with recovered temperature, the equipment structure is shown in figure 1, and the work flow chart is shown in figure 2.
The core structure of each component of the system is as follows:
the low-temperature energy supply system comprises a low-temperature energy supply source, an energy supply source selection switching circuit, a power supply adjusting circuit, a charging control module and an inversion module;
the low-temperature energy supply source is connected with the energy supply source selection switching circuit and used for realizing energy supply source type selection and self-heating gating when the energy supply source is a full-climate battery;
the power supply source selection switching circuit is used for enabling the low-temperature power supply source to generate heat and/or the lithium battery to generate heat automatically according to the type of the lithium battery and the type of the low-temperature power supply source;
the power supply adjusting circuit is used for rectifying, regulating and isolating power frequency alternating current and outputting direct current to charge the lithium battery which completes heating and temperature rise;
the charging control module is used for determining whether a charging condition is met according to the type of the lithium battery and the surface temperature of the lithium battery; if so, stopping heating the low-temperature energy supply source and/or the lithium battery and closing a power supply adjusting circuit for charging; if not, keeping the low-temperature energy supply and/or the lithium battery to continue heating and increasing the temperature; the charging control module may also be used to provide power to a cryogenic energy supply;
the inversion module is used for switching between two self-heating states of the lithium battery by performing direct current charging on the lithium battery or providing alternating current excitation. The system provided by the invention comprises three specific working modes, and the working modes are shown in the figure 3:
a) Mode 1: the lithium battery is charged at low temperature by using an external energy supply battery: 28V direct current is provided by an external energy supply battery, and after the 28V direct current is converted into 32V direct current, alternating current is generated through inversion to realize alternating current heating of the lithium battery. And when the temperature reaches the proper temperature, the direct current is directly used for charging the lithium battery.
b) Mode 2: using power frequency alternating current as lithium battery low-temperature charging: 220V and 50Hz alternating current is provided through external power frequency alternating current, and after the alternating current is converted into 32V direct current, alternating current is generated through inversion to realize alternating current heating of the lithium battery. When the temperature reaches a proper temperature, the direct current is directly used for charging the lithium battery.
c) Mode 3: the power frequency alternating current is used as a power supply source to charge the all-weather battery and other low-temperature-resistant batteries: 220V and 50Hz alternating current is provided through external power frequency alternating current, and is converted into 32V direct current to be directly output to an energy supply battery for charging.
Mode 1 and mode 2 are used for the lithium cell, and mode 3 is used when the energy supply battery is insufficient. The mode 1 and the mode 2 can realize the first heating and then charging of the external low-temperature power-lack battery under different energy sources; mode 3 is the auxiliary application function that can directly use this equipment to carry out the charging through mains frequency alternating current under the power deficiency of energy supply battery.
The heating mode of mode 1 and mode 2 and the charging mode and the parameter setting function of the external low-temperature insufficient-voltage battery can be realized through a device man-machine interaction panel or by connecting an external controller/an upper computer, and the three basic functions of single charging, single heating and charging after heating are included, and the three basic functions can be combined and set to be used according to rules.
a) Single charging function:
1) Selecting a charging mode, wherein the charging mode comprises but is not limited to a universal battery charging mode such as constant current charging, constant voltage charging, constant current and constant voltage charging and the like;
2) Setting charging parameters including but not limited to cutoff voltage, charging current, charging capacity and other general battery charging parameters
3) And starting charging, and automatically stopping after a set charging end rule is reached.
b) Single heating function:
1) Selecting a heating mode, wherein the heating mode comprises but is not limited to heating by a high-frequency alternating current battery such as sine alternating current and square wave alternating current;
2) Setting heating parameters including but not limited to cutoff temperature, heating current amplitude, frequency, heating power, type of heated battery, capacity and the like;
3) Heating is started, and the heating is automatically stopped after a set heating finishing rule is reached.
c) Charging after heating:
1) Setting the charging mode and parameters of the single charging mode and the heating mode and parameters of the single heating mode;
2) Starting a single heating mode, and automatically switching to a single charging mode after a set heating end rule is reached;
3) And automatically stopping after the set charging end rule is reached.
The heating of the lithium battery in the mode 1 and the mode 2 is realized by utilizing the internal impedance of the battery and inputting high-frequency alternating current for generating heat, and the energy supply source of the heating is power frequency alternating current or energy supply battery power supply.
The battery can generate heat when a current load is arranged in the battery, and the high-frequency alternating current generates heat from the inside by utilizing the internal impedance under the condition of ensuring that the SOC of the battery is unchanged and not influencing the service life of the battery, so that the heating is uniform and the heat dissipation is small. The heat production rate was calculated as follows:
in the formula: i is the excitation current amplitude, R re The real part of the impedance of the battery (changing along with temperature and frequency) can be obtained by off-line electrochemical AC impedance spectroscopy.
The heat generation power of the lithium battery alternating current heating is increased along with the increase of the effective value of the heating alternating current. The damage to the battery decreases as the frequency of the heating alternating current increases.
The upper limit and the lower limit of the safe working voltage of the battery are set to be the upper limit and the lower limit of the rated working voltage of the battery through external heating of alternating current.
The maximum value of the safe working current of the battery is set by external heating of alternating current, and the maximum value is set as follows:
in the formula of U oc Expressed as the open circuit voltage of the battery.
The lithium batteries in the mode 1 and the mode 2 are charged by utilizing power frequency alternating current or an energy supply battery, and the input power is subjected to control output including but not limited to filtering, rectification and voltage transformation conversion to an external insufficient-power battery for charging.
The charging of the energy supply battery in the mode 3 is to utilize external power frequency alternating current, and control output of the external power frequency alternating current after the external power frequency alternating current is subjected to filtering, rectification and transformation conversion is carried out, so that the energy supply battery is charged. The parameter settings thereof are consistent with the charging parameter settings of the mode 1 and the mode 2.
The control power supply of the portable low-temperature charging equipment is realized by the self-contained auxiliary electric energy source of the equipment, and the functions of man-machine interaction, function setting and control, communication, heat dissipation and the like are realized on the basis of the embedded controller. The communication mode includes but is not limited to CAN communication, USB communication, ethernet communication, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A portable system for safe charging of a low temperature battery, characterized by:
the system specifically comprises the following main functional modules:
the low-temperature energy supply device comprises a low-temperature energy supply source, an energy supply source selection switching circuit, a power supply adjusting circuit, a charging control module and an inversion module;
the low-temperature energy supply source adopts a full-climate battery and/or a low-temperature-resistant battery and/or power frequency alternating current and is arranged to be temporarily connected to the vicinity of the lithium battery through a structural component during charging or arranged at the lithium battery end; the low-temperature energy supply source is connected with the energy supply source selection switching circuit and used for realizing energy supply source type selection and self-heating gating when the energy supply source is a full-climate battery;
the power supply source selection switching circuit is used for enabling the low-temperature power supply source to generate heat and/or the lithium battery to generate heat automatically according to the type of the lithium battery and the type of the low-temperature power supply source;
the power supply adjusting circuit is used for rectifying, regulating and isolating power frequency alternating current and outputting direct current to charge the lithium battery which completes heating and temperature rise;
the charging control module is used for determining whether a charging condition is met according to the type of the lithium battery and the surface temperature of the lithium battery; if so, stopping heating the low-temperature energy supply source and/or the lithium battery and closing a power supply adjusting circuit for charging; if not, keeping the low-temperature energy supply and/or the lithium battery to continue heating and increasing the temperature; the charging control module may also be used to provide power to a cryogenic energy supply;
the inversion module is used for switching between two states of self-heat generation of the lithium battery by performing direct current charging or providing alternating current excitation for the lithium battery;
the portable system provides the following three modes of operation:
mode 1: the external energy supply battery is used as a low-temperature energy supply source to charge the lithium battery at low temperature: the external energy supply battery provides direct current, and alternating current is generated through inversion after conversion so as to realize alternating current heating of the lithium battery; when the temperature reaches the proper temperature, the direct current is directly used for charging the lithium battery;
mode 2: using power frequency alternating current as a low-temperature energy supply source to charge the lithium battery at low temperature: after external power frequency alternating current is converted into direct current, alternating current is generated through inversion to realize alternating current heating of the lithium battery; when the temperature reaches the proper temperature, the direct current is directly used for charging the lithium battery;
mode 3: using power frequency alternating current as a low-temperature energy supply source to charge a full-climate battery and other low-temperature-resistant batteries;
the above modes 1 and 2 are for use with lithium batteries, and the mode 3 is for use with a full-climate battery as a low-temperature energy supply when the battery is short of electricity;
the working mode provides the following three basic functions and combination rules of a) single charging, b) single heating and c) charging after heating:
a) Single charging function:
1) Selecting a charging mode, wherein the charging mode comprises a constant current charging mode, a constant voltage charging mode and a constant current and constant voltage charging mode;
2) Setting charging parameters, wherein the charging parameters comprise cut-off voltage, charging current and charging capacity parameters;
3) Starting charging, and automatically stopping after a set charging end rule is reached;
b) Single heating function:
1) Selecting a heating mode, wherein the heating mode comprises high-frequency alternating current of sine alternating current and square wave alternating current for heating the battery;
2) Setting heating parameters, wherein the heating parameters comprise cut-off temperature, heating current amplitude, frequency, heating power, types of heated batteries and capacity parameters;
3) Heating is started, and the heating is automatically stopped after a set heating finishing rule is reached;
c) Charging after heating:
1) Setting the charging mode and parameters of the single charging mode and the heating mode and parameters of the single heating mode;
2) Starting a single heating mode, and automatically switching to a single charging mode after a set heating end rule is reached;
3) And automatically stopping after the set charging end rule is reached.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the internal resistance of the lithium battery is directly used as a low-temperature heat generating element, and self-heating is carried out by utilizing alternating current excitation without additionally arranging a heating element.
3. A portable safe charging method of a lithium battery suitable for a low-temperature environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: with the system according to any of claims 1-2, the method comprises in particular the steps of:
s1, connecting the low-temperature energy supply source input with an energy supply source selection switching circuit; the energy supply selection switching circuit identifies the type of a low-temperature energy supply and the type of a lithium battery, and the charging control module senses the surface temperature of the lithium battery and determines whether the lithium battery is in a low-temperature power shortage state;
s2, providing a corresponding heating mode and setting corresponding heating parameters under the condition that the lithium battery has a heating requirement according to a low-temperature energy supply source, the type of the lithium battery and a temperature sensing result;
and S3, when the surface temperature of the lithium battery rises to be separated from the low-temperature state, providing a corresponding charging mode and setting charging parameters.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: when the all-weather battery is used as the low-temperature energy supply source, the all-weather battery is temporarily connected to the vicinity of the lithium battery through a structural component during charging, and the energy supply source selection switching module controls the power supply adjusting module to output direct current to drive the low-temperature energy supply source to generate heat.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein: the internal resistance of the lithium battery is directly used as a low-temperature energy supply source, and self-heating is carried out by utilizing alternating current excitation.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein: and the charging control module provides charging power for the low-temperature energy supply source when the power is insufficient.
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