CN105281401A - Novel storage battery charging and discharging system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种功率双向流动、能满足蓄电池各种充放电要求的一种新型蓄电池化成充放电系统。包括三绕组变压器、6脉整流器、PWM整流器、直流母线、DC/DC斩波器。三绕组变压器原边为角形接线，与电网电压连接，副边为角形接线和星形接线，分别连接至PWM整流器和6脉整流器的输入端，两个整流器输出端正极并联后和直流母线正极连接，两个整流器输出端负极并联后和直流母线负极连接，DC/DC斩波器输入端的正极和直流母线正极连接，输入端负极与直流母线负极连接，输出端的正极和电池正极连接，输出端负极与蓄电池负极连接。
The invention discloses a new accumulator charging and discharging system with bidirectional flow of power and meeting various charging and discharging requirements of the accumulator. Including three-winding transformer, 6-pulse rectifier, PWM rectifier, DC bus, DC/DC chopper. The primary side of the three-winding transformer is delta-shaped connection, which is connected to the grid voltage, and the secondary side is delta-shaped connection and star connection, respectively connected to the input terminals of the PWM rectifier and the 6-pulse rectifier. The positive poles of the two rectifier output terminals are connected in parallel to the positive pole of the DC bus. , the negative poles of the two rectifier output terminals are connected in parallel to the negative pole of the DC bus, the positive pole of the DC/DC chopper input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the DC bus bar, the negative pole of the input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the DC bus bar, the positive pole of the output terminal is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the negative pole of the output terminal Connect to battery negative.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种新型蓄电池化成充放电系统。The invention relates to a novel storage battery formation charging and discharging system.
背景技术：Background technique:
蓄电池作为一种便携式、可靠供电的储能设备，在新能源发电及电动汽车等各个领域都得到了广泛应用。蓄电池化成过程是电池生产过程的重要环节，而化成电源是化成过程的关键设备。蓄电池厂家早期使用的化成电源装置多采用人工操作，不能实现精确控制，同时蓄电池的放电过程多通过电阻负载完成，造成了很大的能源浪费。As a portable and reliable energy storage device for power supply, battery has been widely used in various fields such as new energy power generation and electric vehicles. The battery formation process is an important part of the battery production process, and the formation power supply is the key equipment for the formation process. The formation power supply devices used by battery manufacturers in the early days were mostly manually operated, which could not achieve precise control. At the same time, the discharge process of batteries was mostly completed by resistive loads, resulting in a great waste of energy.
目前，化成电源技术可以分为可控硅移相控制充放电技术和高频开关电源技术，二者都实现了蓄电池放电能量回馈电网的功能，但是前者工作时功率因数较低，谐波大，对电网造成污染；后者可以显著减少谐波污染并提高效率。对于高频开关化成电源，一般可将其分为AC/DC变换和DC/DC变换两部分，两部分通过直流母线连接。查阅论文和专利文献，检索到高频开关化成电源AC/DC部分的两种实现方式：一种方式为通过控制PWM整流器实现直流母线和电网之间功率的双向流动，如专利CN201310703795，即在充电时PWM整流器工作在整流状态，放电时PWM整流器工作在逆变状态；另一种方式将充电和放电模块分开，通过12脉整流器对蓄电池进行充电，PWM整流器进行放电，控制策略相对简单，但是增加了工频变压器的数量，体积大，如专利CN201410670451。综合上述两项专利的AC/DC部分提出了本发明的一种新型的蓄电池充放电装置。At present, the formation power supply technology can be divided into thyristor phase-shift control charge-discharge technology and high-frequency switching power supply technology, both of which realize the function of charging the battery discharge energy back to the grid, but the former has a low power factor and large harmonics during operation. Pollution to the grid; the latter can significantly reduce harmonic pollution and increase efficiency. For the high-frequency switching power supply, it can generally be divided into two parts: AC/DC conversion and DC/DC conversion, and the two parts are connected through the DC bus. After reviewing papers and patent documents, two implementations of high-frequency switching into the AC/DC part of the power supply were retrieved: one way is to realize the bidirectional flow of power between the DC bus and the power grid by controlling the PWM rectifier, such as patent CN201310703795, that is, when charging When the PWM rectifier works in the rectification state, the PWM rectifier works in the inverter state when discharging; another way is to separate the charging and discharging modules, charge the battery through the 12-pulse rectifier, and discharge the PWM rectifier. The control strategy is relatively simple, but increases The number of power frequency transformers is reduced, and the volume is large, such as patent CN201410670451. Combining the AC/DC parts of the above two patents, a new battery charging and discharging device of the present invention is proposed.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：本发明公开了一种功率双向流动，能满足蓄电池各种充放电要求的一种新型蓄电池化成充放电系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the present invention discloses a new storage battery formation charging and discharging system which can meet various charging and discharging requirements of the storage battery with two-way power flow.
本发明采用的技术方案是，所设计蓄电池充放电装置包括三绕组变压器、6脉整流器、PWM整流器、直流母线、DC/DC斩波器。三绕组变压器原边为角形接线，与电网电压连接，副边为角形接线和星形接线，分别连接至PWM整流器和6脉整流器的交流输入端，两个整流器输出端的正极并联后和直流母线正极连接，两个整流器输出端负极并联后和直流母线负极连接，DC/DC斩波器输入端正极与直流母线正极连接，输入端负极与直流母线负极连接，输出端正极与电池正极连接，输出端负极与蓄电池负极连接。The technical solution adopted by the invention is that the designed storage battery charging and discharging device includes a three-winding transformer, a 6-pulse rectifier, a PWM rectifier, a direct current bus, and a DC/DC chopper. The primary side of the three-winding transformer is connected in a delta connection to the grid voltage, and the secondary side is connected in a delta connection and a star connection, respectively connected to the AC input terminals of the PWM rectifier and the 6-pulse rectifier. The positive poles of the output terminals of the two rectifiers are connected in parallel to the positive pole of the DC bus. Connection, the negative poles of the output terminals of the two rectifiers are connected in parallel to the negative poles of the DC bus, the positive poles of the input terminals of the DC/DC chopper are connected to the positive poles of the DC bus bar, the negative poles of the input terminals are connected to the negative poles of the DC bus bar, the positive poles of the output terminals are connected to the positive poles of the battery, and the output terminals The negative pole is connected to the battery negative pole.
所述的PWM整流器包括PWM功率模块和PWM控制模块两部分。所述PWM功率模块由六只IGBT构成。所述PWM控制模块由通过采集PWM整流器中流经的直流侧电流方向和直流母线电压大小作为判据判断PWM整流器工作状态，使所述PWM整流器在电池充电时工作在不控整流状态，与6脉整流器构成12脉整流器对电池进行充电；在电池充电时工作在单位功率因数逆变状态，以实现电网和直流母线之间的功率双向流动。The PWM rectifier includes two parts, a PWM power module and a PWM control module. The PWM power module is composed of six IGBTs. The PWM control module judges the working state of the PWM rectifier by collecting the direction of the DC side current flowing through the PWM rectifier and the voltage of the DC bus as a criterion, so that the PWM rectifier works in an uncontrolled rectification state when the battery is charging, and the 6-pulse The rectifier forms a 12-pulse rectifier to charge the battery; when the battery is charging, it works in the unit power factor inverter state to realize the bidirectional flow of power between the grid and the DC bus.
所述的DC/DC斩波器包括DC/DC功率模块和DC/DC控制模块，所述DC/DC功率模块为buck-boost电路，由两只IGBT构成；所述DC/DC控制模块根据实际需求的不同，通过采集蓄电池端电压和充放电电流和温度作为判据实现对于蓄电池恒电压充电、恒电流充放电和脉冲充电等几种蓄电池充放电方式，以实现直流母线和蓄电池之间的功率双向流动。The DC/DC chopper includes a DC/DC power module and a DC/DC control module, the DC/DC power module is a buck-boost circuit consisting of two IGBTs; the DC/DC control module is based on actual According to the different requirements, by collecting battery terminal voltage, charging and discharging current and temperature as criteria, several battery charging and discharging methods such as battery constant voltage charging, constant current charging and discharging and pulse charging are realized, so as to realize the power between the DC bus and the battery. two-way flow.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明中通过PWM整流器、直流母线和DC/DC斩波器三部分实现了电池充放电过程中电网和蓄电池之间能量的双向流动，避免了通过电阻放电造成的大量能源浪费；充电时不需要对PWM整流器进行控制，简化了控制策略；蓄电池放电过程中，通过PWM整流器实现单位功率因数的逆变工作，对于电网造成的谐波污染小，同时，仅使用一个三绕组变压器，减小了装置占用体积。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: in the present invention, the three parts of the PWM rectifier, the DC bus and the DC/DC chopper realize the two-way flow of energy between the grid and the storage battery during the charging and discharging process of the battery, and avoid a large amount of energy caused by the resistance discharge. Energy waste; there is no need to control the PWM rectifier during charging, which simplifies the control strategy; during the battery discharge process, the PWM rectifier is used to realize the inverter operation of the unit power factor, which causes little harmonic pollution to the power grid. The winding transformer reduces the volume occupied by the device.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
附图1示出了一种新型蓄电池化成充放电系统的拓扑图Accompanying drawing 1 has shown the topological diagram of a kind of new storage battery formation charging and discharging system
附图2示出了PWM整流器控制策略流程图Accompanying drawing 2 shows the flow chart of PWM rectifier control strategy
附图3示出了DC/DC斩波器控制策略流程图Accompanying drawing 3 shows the flow chart of DC/DC chopper control strategy
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面结合附图，详细描述本发明所述的新型蓄电池充放电装置的具体实施方案：Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describe in detail the specific implementation of the novel accumulator charging and discharging device of the present invention:
如图1所示，本发明所述的新型蓄电池充放电装置，其结构包括：原边与电网电压连接的三绕组变压器T，变压器T的原边线圈为三角形接线，两副边线圈变比相同，分别为三角形接线和星形接线，其中三角形接线的副边与PWM整流器Z1的交流输入端连接，星形接线的副边与6脉整流器Z2的交流输入端连接。PWM整流器Z1和6脉整流器Z2的直流侧输出端正极并联后与直流母线的正极连接，负极并联后与直流母线的负极连接；直流母线上可以并接多个DC/DC斩波器，DC/DC斩波器D1至Dn的输入端正极与直流母线正极连接，输入端负极与直流母线负极连接，输出端连接至蓄电池正负极。As shown in Figure 1, the novel storage battery charging and discharging device described in the present invention has a structure comprising: a three-winding transformer T whose primary side is connected to the grid voltage, the primary side coil of the transformer T is connected in a triangle, and the transformation ratio of the two secondary side coils is the same , are delta connection and star connection respectively, wherein the secondary side of the delta connection is connected to the AC input terminal of the PWM rectifier Z1, and the secondary side of the star connection is connected to the AC input terminal of the 6-pulse rectifier Z2. The positive poles of the DC side output terminals of the PWM rectifier Z1 and the 6-pulse rectifier Z2 are connected in parallel to the positive pole of the DC bus, and the negative poles are connected in parallel to the negative pole of the DC bus; multiple DC/DC choppers can be connected in parallel on the DC bus. The positive poles of the input terminals of the DC choppers D1 to Dn are connected to the positive poles of the DC bus, the negative poles of the input terminals are connected to the negative poles of the DC bus, and the output terminals are connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery.
其中，PWM整流器由PWM功率模块和PWM控制模块构成。PWM功率模块使用三相桥式全控整流电路，全控器件使用IGBT；PWM控制模块采集直流母线电压Udc和PWM整流器直流侧电流Ipwm，采用经典的SPWM双环控制策略，控制流程如附图2所示。系统启动时，默认蓄电池状态为充电状态，PWM整流器Z1处于停机状态，即不控整流状态，和6脉整流器Z2共同构成12脉整流器工作，可以有效的消除5次谐波和7次谐波。当Udc大于设定的限值Udc0时，此时通过控制模块使PWM整流器Z1切换至定电压逆变状态，6脉整流器Z2不工作，使整个系统工作在电池放电状态，并将直流母线电压稳定在设定值Udc1，设定值Udc1略小于Udc0；当检测Ipwm为正向流动(规定在图1中由左向右流动为正向)且大于设定限值Ipwm0时，通过控制模块使PWM整流器Z1切换至不控整流状态，PWM整流器Z1和6脉整流器Z2共同构成12脉整流器，整个系统工作在电池充电状态。至此，电网侧与直流母线之间完成一次充电-放电-充电的切换过程，实现了功率的双向流动功能。Wherein, the PWM rectifier is composed of a PWM power module and a PWM control module. The PWM power module uses a three-phase bridge full-control rectifier circuit, and the full-control device uses IGBT; the PWM control module collects the DC bus voltage Udc and the DC side current Ipwm of the PWM rectifier, and adopts the classic SPWM double-loop control strategy. The control process is shown in Figure 2. Show. When the system is started, the default state of the battery is the charging state, and the PWM rectifier Z1 is in the shutdown state, that is, it does not control the rectification state. Together with the 6-pulse rectifier Z2, it forms a 12-pulse rectifier, which can effectively eliminate the 5th and 7th harmonics. When Udc is greater than the set limit value Udc0, at this time, the PWM rectifier Z1 is switched to the constant voltage inverter state through the control module, and the 6-pulse rectifier Z2 does not work, so that the entire system works in the battery discharge state and stabilizes the DC bus voltage At the set value Udc1, the set value Udc1 is slightly smaller than Udc0; when it is detected that Ipwm is positive flow (the flow from left to right in Figure 1 is specified as positive flow) and is greater than the set limit value Ipwm0, the PWM is controlled by the control module. The rectifier Z1 switches to the uncontrolled rectification state, and the PWM rectifier Z1 and the 6-pulse rectifier Z2 together form a 12-pulse rectifier, and the whole system works in the battery charging state. So far, a charging-discharging-charging switching process has been completed between the grid side and the DC bus, realizing the bidirectional flow function of power.
其中，DC/DC斩波器由DC/DC功率模块和DC/DC控制模块两部分构成。DC/DC功率模块采用基础的buck-boost电路，其中的电力电子开关使用全控器件IGBT；直流母线上可以并接多个DC/DC斩波器D1至Dn,以下仅以D1为例，对控制策略进行说明，DC/DC控制模块采集蓄电池1的电流I_b1和端电压U_b1，根据不同时刻对于蓄电池的充放电要求，接收上位机下发的状态指令进行切换。通过触发IGBT-S1的开通和关断使D1工作在buck电路模式，并在buck模式下实现蓄电池的定电流充电、定电压充电模式；通过触发IGBT-S2的开通和关断使D1工作在boost电路模式，并在boost模式下实现蓄电池定电流放电；通过触发IGBT-S1，S2的交替开通和关断，是D1的buck/boost模式快速切换实现蓄电池的脉冲充电，实现了蓄电池侧和直流母线之间功率的双向流动。Among them, the DC/DC chopper is composed of two parts: a DC/DC power module and a DC/DC control module. The DC/DC power module adopts the basic buck-boost circuit, in which the power electronic switch uses a fully controlled device IGBT; multiple DC/DC choppers D1 to Dn can be connected in parallel on the DC bus, and only D1 is used as an example below. The control strategy is explained. The DC/DC control module collects the current I_b1 and the terminal voltage U_b1 of the battery 1, and switches according to the charging and discharging requirements of the battery at different times by receiving the status command issued by the host computer. D1 works in the buck circuit mode by triggering the on and off of IGBT-S1, and realizes the constant current charging and constant voltage charging mode of the battery in the buck mode; by triggering the on and off of IGBT-S2, D1 works in boost circuit mode, and realize constant current discharge of the battery in boost mode; by triggering the alternate turn-on and turn-off of IGBT-S1 and S2, it is the fast switching of buck/boost mode of D1 to realize the pulse charging of the battery, realizing the battery side and DC bus Two-way flow of power between.
以下以蓄电池1-n的充放电为例说明整个蓄电池充电装置的工作过程。n节蓄电池各自处于不同的充放电状态，每个DC/DC斩波器根据上位机的不同指令工作于不同的模式。多个蓄电池中放电状态的蓄电池放出的电能和充电状态的蓄电池需要的电能不可能完全平衡，当n节蓄电池表现为放出的电能较多时，势必会导致直流母线电压Udc泵升，当电压泵升到限值Udc0时，按照附图2所示PWM控制流程将PWM整流器切换至定直流母线电压逆变工作状态；当n节蓄电池表现为需要的充电电能较多时，检测Ipwm流向为正向，且大于设定限值Ipwm0，按照附图2所示PWM控制流程将PWM整流器切换至停机状态，即工作于不控整流状态。至此，实现整个充放电装置内部的功率双向流动。The working process of the entire battery charging device will be described below by taking the charging and discharging of batteries 1-n as an example. The n batteries are in different charging and discharging states, and each DC/DC chopper works in different modes according to different instructions from the host computer. Among multiple batteries, the electric energy released by the battery in the discharging state and the electric energy required by the battery in the charging state cannot be completely balanced. When n batteries show a large amount of electric energy released, it will inevitably cause the DC bus voltage Udc to pump up. When the voltage pumps up When the limit value Udc0 is reached, switch the PWM rectifier to the constant DC bus voltage inverter working state according to the PWM control process shown in Figure 2; when the n-cell battery shows that the required charging power is more, it is detected that the flow direction of Ipwm is positive, and is greater than the set limit value Ipwm0, switch the PWM rectifier to the shutdown state according to the PWM control flow shown in Figure 2, that is, work in the uncontrolled rectification state. So far, the bidirectional flow of power inside the entire charging and discharging device has been realized.
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而非对本发明的限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all should cover Within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105811504A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 安徽工程大学 | Bidirectional DC/DC converter used for lithium battery formation |
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| CN105811504A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 安徽工程大学 | Bidirectional DC/DC converter used for lithium battery formation |
| CN107317377A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-03 | 深圳市菊水皇家科技有限公司 | A kind of two-way AC DC circuits of Battery formation partial volume and its control method |
| CN107317377B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2023-05-02 | 深圳华源技术实业有限公司 | A kind of bidirectional AC-DC circuit and its control method of battery formation and capacity |
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