CN113160688A - Multilayer can cut off atrium building conflagration flue gas simulation experiment device - Google Patents
Multilayer can cut off atrium building conflagration flue gas simulation experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-layer partible atrium building fire smoke simulation experiment device, and belongs to the technical field of fire safety. The device comprises an experimental device main body, a spraying system, a smoke control system, a matched measurement and control system and a fuel supply device, wherein the spraying system, the smoke control system, the matched measurement and control system and the fuel supply device are positioned on the experimental device main body; the device can research the experiment of the temperature, the speed, the pressure and the movement path condition of the fire smoke in the large space structure of the atrium building on different fire loads under the conditions of different atrium space sizes, partition conditions, natural ventilation, mechanical smoke exhaust, starting conditions of a spraying system and firing space positions, and can record related data and videos; the invention is an experimental device which is specially used for carrying out comprehensive system research on the flow characteristic, the temperature distribution, the pressure change and the like of fire smoke in a building with an atrium structure, and has wide application prospect in the fire safety design of the atrium building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-layer partible atrium building fire smoke simulation experiment device, and belongs to the technical field of fire safety.
Background
The atrium building has excellent commercial application value, mainly has the characteristics of high appearance, sufficient light, larger vertical space, higher comprehensiveness and the like, is highly approved by architectural designers and architectural developers, and particularly the number of atrium type commercial buildings in China is continuously and rapidly increased in recent ten years. But at the same time, the complicated internal structure and the large space of the atrium type commercial building bring certain challenges to fire protection and smoke discharge.
The biggest characteristic of the atrium building is that the atrium building has one or more large-sized covered spaces which continuously penetrate through a plurality of layers in the vertical direction. The traditional building mainly adopts a fire partition and a fire partition to achieve the purposes of controlling fire and inhibiting fire smoke from diffusing in the building and towards adjacent buildings, and the atrium building belongs to a large space structure, and the fire partition is damaged by a large space which is communicated up and down, so that if the atrium and surrounding areas of the atrium building are not considered to be fire partition or fire partition measures are not properly treated, the atrium is like a towering chimney when a fire happens, and the atrium forms a main way for spreading the fire.
With the ever increasing number of atrium-style commercial buildings and the increasingly complex types of structures, they have high requirements for fire and fire protection and smoke evacuation. The zhongting formula commercial building is in actual operation, and inside and outside personnel are comparatively intensive, and if the conflagration breaks out, its conflagration spreads speed very fast, because vertical space is great, has also caused certain difficulty to sparse, simultaneously because inside various function facilities are comparatively numerous and diverse complicated, has certain influence to the fan wind channel space of discharging fume. After a fire occurs, if static smoke discharge such as natural ventilation and natural smoke discharge is mainly relied on, the pushing effect on the discharge of smoke is weak, and the smoke is easily interfered by external weather factors, so that the stability is poor. According to the relevant statistical analysis of casualties caused by domestic and foreign fires to the field personnel, the death rate of the people who are killed by inhaling high-temperature smoke dust or toxic smoke gas generally accounts for 80% of the total death rate of the fire, and the death rate of the people is up to 95%. In addition, even if there is no significant flame spread in the atrium, there is a rapid spread of high temperature toxic fumes, filling the entire space, and spreading to the entire building.
Therefore, the more efficient and optimized atrium type commercial building smoke exhaust system is determined to have more important significance for controlling smoke of the atrium type commercial building and evacuating people, and a certain reference can be provided for the atrium type commercial building smoke exhaust prevention research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-layer partible atrium building fire smoke simulation experiment device which can simulate smoke movement and control in a multi-layer atrium building during fire and can carry out related experiments and researches.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multi-layer compartmented building fire smoke simulation experiment device comprises an experiment device main body, a spraying system, a smoke control system, a matched measurement and control system, a telescopic device, a fuel supply device and a controller, wherein the spraying system, the smoke control system, the matched measurement and control system and the telescopic device are positioned on the experiment device main body;
the experimental device main body is a multi-storey building with an adjustable atrium space size, the spatial layout is symmetrically distributed, a telescopic device is installed on a floor 12 on one side of each atrium space 25, the telescopic device can be used for separating a certain floor, ignition rooms 31 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of each atrium space 12, escape passages and pipeline wells 32 are arranged on the left side and the right side of each atrium space, each escape passage comprises a staircase 30, a front room 29 and an elevator room 28, external windows 4 are arranged in the ignition rooms 31 and the outer wall 10 of the staircase, and an arc smoke collecting hood 2 is arranged at the top of the experimental device main body and is provided with a skylight 3; the whole experimental device body is built by steel pipes and welded and sealed by steel plates, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the experimental device body are high-temperature-resistant glass outer walls 37, a bottom gate 26 of the experimental device body is a vertical hinged door I and is subjected to sealing treatment, a room 31 on fire is communicated with a corridor 27 through a vertical hinged door 36 of the room on fire, each front room is communicated with a staircase 30 and the corridor 27 through a front room vertical hinged door 34, each elevator room 28 is communicated with a front room 29 through a vertical hinged door 35 of the elevator room, the staircase 30 is communicated with the corridor 27 through a vertical hinged door 33 of the staircase, and gaps are formed between the vertical hinged door 36 of the room, the vertical hinged door 34 of the front room, the vertical hinged door 35 of the elevator room and a door frame of the vertical hinged door 33 of the staircase;
the spraying system comprises a pressure pump 16 positioned at the bottom layer of the experimental device main body, a water main pipe 15 in a pipe well 32, water branch pipes 14 at each layer, a flow control valve 55 and open type spray heads 17 positioned in a corridor 27 and a firing room 31; the pressure pump 16 at the bottom layer is connected with the water main pipe 15 in the pipe well 32, the water main pipe 15 is connected with the water branch pipes 14 at each layer, the flow control valve 55 is arranged at the joint of the water main pipe 15 and the water branch pipes 14, the open nozzles 17 are arranged on the water branch pipes 14, the open nozzles 17 at each layer are connected with a nozzle switch, and the flow control valve 55 and the pressure pump 16 are both connected with the controller;
the smoke control system comprises a pressurized air supply system and a smoke exhaust system and consists of a high-temperature pressurized fan 21, a centralized smoke exhaust fan 1, a ventilation main pipe 6, a ventilation branch pipe 7 and a ventilation opening 8; the high-temperature pressurizing fans 21 are located on two sides of the experimental device main body and connected to the ventilation trunk pipes 6 in the pipe shaft 32 through hoses, the ventilation trunk pipes 6 are connected with the ventilation branch pipes 7 of all layers, air valves I56, II 57 and vent holes 8 are arranged on the ventilation branch pipes 7, the air valves 56 are located at the connection positions of the ventilation branch pipes 7 leading to the front chamber 29 and the stairway 30 and the trunk pipes 6, the air valves 57 are located at the connection positions of the ventilation branch pipes 7 leading to the corridor 27 and the trunk pipes 6, the vent holes 8 are respectively located in the corridor 27, the stairway 30 and the front chamber 29, the pressurizing ventilation quantity of the vent holes 8 of all layers can be adjusted through the air valves I56 and II 57, the centralized smoke exhaust fan 1 at the top of the experimental device main body is of a variable-frequency type, and the high-temperature pressurizing fans 21, the centralized smoke exhaust fan 1, the air valves I56 and II 57 are connected with the controller;
the matched measurement and control system comprises a flue gas temperature measuring system, a pressure measuring system and a flue gas flow field measuring system; the temperature measuring system comprises four thermocouple beam measuring points 20 arranged in each floor, a firing room 31 is a first thermocouple beam, an atrium space is a second thermocouple beam, a corridor is a third thermocouple beam, and a front room, an elevator room and a staircase are fourth thermocouple beams; the four thermocouple beam measuring points 20 are connected in series and then are connected with a temperature data display and acquisition instrument 5; the pressure measuring system consists of a pressure probe 18 arranged in the atrium space 25 and a pressure data acquisition display instrument 19 connected with the pressure probe through an electric signal; the flue gas flow field observation system comprises a film light source 54 and a movable telescopic camera 22, wherein the film light source 54 is positioned in each layer of firing room 31 and atrium space 25, the movable telescopic camera 22 is positioned outside a glass outer wall 37, the film light source 54 is positioned at one side adjacent to the observation side of the camera 22, and a temperature data acquisition instrument 5 is connected with a controller;
the expansion device comprises wall surface connecting blocks 45, expansion blocks 13 and expansion devices, wherein the wall surface connecting blocks 45 are installed in each layer of floor slabs 12, one ends of the expansion devices are fixed on the wall surface connecting blocks 45, the other ends of the expansion devices are connected with the expansion blocks 13, sliding grooves 49 are formed in two sides of the expansion blocks 13, pulleys 50 are installed in the sliding grooves 49 in a sliding mode, pulley connecting shafts 52 on the pulleys are in contact with the inner walls of two sides of the floor slabs 12, the expansion devices are connected with a controller, and the expansion blocks 13 can be in close contact with the outer side ends of the opposite floor slabs 12;
the experimental fuel supply device comprises a fuel tray 38, a cigarette cake tray 39, a heat insulation support 41, an automatic igniter 42, an electronic scale 43 and a support frame 40, wherein industrial methanol is stored on the fuel tray 38, the heat insulation support 41 is connected with the electronic scale 43, the automatic igniter 42 is installed on the heat insulation support 41, the automatic igniter 42 is used for igniting fuel in the fuel tray 38, the cigarette cake tray 39 located below the fuel tray 38 stores cigarette cakes which are combusted to generate smoke, and the automatic igniter 42 is connected with a controller.
Specifically, the telescopic device comprises a moving block 46, a rotating shaft 47 and a power line 48, wherein one end of the moving block 46 is fixed on the wall connecting block 45, and the other end of the moving block is connected with the telescopic block 13.
Preferably, thermocouple bundle test points 20 within each floor are 1.5m high from the ground level of each floor.
Preferably, a plurality of firing rooms 31 are provided at various locations around the atrium space 25.
Preferably, a supplementary lighting lamp 53 is further provided in the room where the sheet light source 54 is installed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the aspect of flue gas motion simulation experiment effect, the experimental apparatus simulates a real multi-storey atrium building structure approximately, and can realize the change of atrium space size and the partition on a certain floor through the telescopic device, thereby realizing the partition of atrium space, further researching the fire-proof and smoke-proof subareas of the existing atrium space, truly reflecting the spreading rule of flue gas generated by combustion in the actual building in the whole atrium building, generating chimney effect phenomenon, dispersion phenomenon and the like, and influencing the partition on a certain floor, and clearly monitoring the experiment process and phenomenon through a camera and a glass outer wall.
(2) In the aspect of simulation test effect of controlling smoke movement of a pressurized air supply system, high-temperature smoke exhaust fans in the air supply system designed by the experimental device are all of variable-frequency speed regulation type, and air quantity is 0-5000 m3The/h is adjustable, and the optimized pressurized air supply volume under different fire source power, positions and time can be researched; and each layer of the horizontal ventilation pipe is provided with an air valve, and any one layer or a plurality of layers of air valves can be opened according to the requirement; the optimized pressurized air supply mode is researched by changing the air volume of the pressurized air supply system and opening the floor of the air supply outlet.
(3) In the aspect of simulation test effect of the spray system on the influence of the movement of the flue gas, the nozzles designed by the experimental device are all open nozzles, the opening time, the opening position and the water quantity are adjustable, and the influence of the spray system on the movement of the flue gas under different opening times, water quantities and positions can be researched; any layer or layers of open type spray heads can be opened according to the requirements, and the rule of the open type spray heads on the influence of the open type spray heads on the movement of the flue gas is researched by changing the positions of the open type spray heads and the water delivery quantity.
(4) In the aspect of testing the fuel supply device, the device adopts automatic ignition, so that the danger possibly generated by manual ignition is avoided, and the fuel adopts industrial methanol and is relatively friendly to the environment.
(5) In the aspect of an experimental measurement system, a complete temperature measurement system, a flue gas concentration, a flow field, a pressure measurement system, an observation system and the like can carry out all-around observation and research on flue gas flow parameters and a smoke control effect.
The experimental device well simulates the special large space structure of the atrium building, has great application value for developing experimental research of the atrium building and simulation test of the smoke control system, and has important practical guiding significance for design and test evaluation research of the smoke control system of the atrium building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the experimental simulation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall appearance structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the configuration of the horizontal layers of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of thermocouple bundle test point placement in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a test fuel supply of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of the expansion device of the present invention to the floor 12;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the telescopic device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of the telescoping block of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the pulley mounting in the retractor of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a flue gas flow field observation system of a room on fire according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a system for observing the flow field of the flue gas in the atrium space according to the invention;
in the figure: 1-centralized smoke exhaust fan, 2-smoke collecting hood, 3-skylight, 4-external window, 5-temperature data acquisition display instrument, 6-main ventilation pipe, 7-branch ventilation pipe, 8-ventilation opening, 9-atrium guardrail, 10-outer wall of staircase, 11-inner wall, 12-floor slab, 13-telescopic block, 14-branch water pipe, 15-main water pipe, 16-pressure pump, 17-open type spray head, 18-pressure probe, 19-pressure data acquisition display instrument, 20-thermocouple bundle measuring point, 21-high temperature pressurizing fan, 22-camera, 23-camera telescopic bracket, 24-base, 25-atrium space, 26-bottom gate, 27-corridor, 28-elevator room, 29-front room, 30-a staircase room, 31-a firing room, 32-a pipe shaft, 33-a staircase vertical hinged door, 34-a front chamber vertical hinged door, 35-a staircase vertical hinged door, 36-a firing room door, 37-a glass outer wall, 38-a fuel disc, 39-a tobacco cake disc, 40-a support frame, 41-a heat insulation support, 42-an automatic igniter, 43-an electronic scale, 44-a threading hole, 45-a wall surface connecting block, 46-a moving block, 47-a rotating shaft, 48-a power line, 49-a sliding groove, 50-a pulley, 51-a stop block, 52-a pulley connecting shaft, 53-a light supplement lamp, 54-a light source, 55-a flow control valve, 56-an air valve I and 57-an air valve II.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-11, a multi-layer compartmented building fire smoke simulation experiment device comprises an experiment device main body, a spraying system, a smoke control system, a matched measurement and control system, a telescopic device, a fuel supply device and a controller, wherein the spraying system, the smoke control system, the matched measurement and control system and the telescopic device are positioned on the experiment device main body;
the experimental device main body is a multi-storey building with an adjustable atrium space size, the spatial layout is in symmetrical distribution, a telescopic device is installed on a floor 12 on one side of each atrium space 25, the telescopic device can be used for separating a certain floor, ignition rooms 31 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of each atrium space 12, escape passages and pipeline wells 32 are arranged on the left side and the right side of each atrium space, each escape passage comprises a staircase 30, a front room 29 and an elevator room 28, the ignition rooms 31 and the outer wall 10 of the staircase are provided with external windows 4 (the opening degree of which can be manually adjusted) with adjustable opening degrees, natural ventilation with different degrees can be realized, the top of the experimental device main body is an arc-shaped smoke collecting hood 2, and a skylight 3 is arranged on the experimental device main body; the whole steel pipe that adopts of experimental apparatus main part is built, with steel sheet welded seal, the lateral wall adopts high temperature resistant glass outer wall 37 around the experimental apparatus main part, experimental apparatus main part bottom gate 26 adopts vertical hinged door I, and do sealed processing, reach sealed effect when making it close, room 31 that catches fire communicates corridor 27 through firing room vertical hinged door 36, every layer of front room leads to staircase 30 and corridor 27 through front room vertical hinged door 34, every layer of elevator room 28 communicates front room 29 through elevator room vertical hinged door 35, staircase 30 communicates corridor 27 through staircase room vertical hinged door 33, firing room vertical hinged door 36, front room vertical hinged door 34, elevator room vertical hinged door 35, there is the gap between the door and the door frame of staircase vertical hinged door 33.
The spraying system comprises a pressure pump 16 positioned at the bottom layer of the experimental device main body, a water main pipe 15 in a pipe well 32, water branch pipes 14 at each layer, a flow control valve 55 and open type spray heads 17 positioned in a corridor 27 and a firing room 31; the pressure pump 16 at the bottom layer is connected with the water main pipe 15 in the pipe well 32, the water main pipe 15 is connected with the water branch pipes 14 at each layer, the flow control valve 55 is arranged at the joint of the water main pipe 15 and the water branch pipes 14, the open nozzles 17 are arranged on the water branch pipes 14, the open nozzles 17 at each layer are connected with a nozzle switch, and the flow control valve 55 and the pressure pump 16 are both connected with the controller; the open time (adjusted by a spray head switch) and the water delivery quantity (adjusted by the pressure of the pressure pump 16) of the open type spray heads 17 of each layer can be adjusted, and the influence of a spraying system on the fire smoke spreading can be simulated.
The smoke control system comprises a pressurized air supply system and a smoke exhaust system and consists of a high-temperature pressurized fan 21, a centralized smoke exhaust fan 1, a ventilation main pipe 6, a ventilation branch pipe 7 and a ventilation opening 8; the high-temperature pressurizing fans 21 are located on two sides of the experimental device main body and connected to the ventilation trunk pipes 6 in the pipe shaft 32 through hoses, the ventilation trunk pipes 6 are connected with the ventilation branch pipes 7 of all layers, air valves I56, II 57 and vent holes 8 are arranged on the ventilation branch pipes 7, the air valves 56 are located at the connection positions of the ventilation branch pipes 7 leading to the front chamber 29 and the stairway 30 and the trunk pipes 6, the air valves 57 are located at the connection positions of the ventilation branch pipes 7 leading to the corridor 27 and the trunk pipes 6, the vent holes 8 are respectively located in the corridor 27, the stairway 30 and the front chamber 29, the pressurizing ventilation quantity of the vent holes 8 of all layers can be adjusted through the air valves I56 and II 57, the centralized smoke exhaust fan 1 at the top of the experimental device main body is of a variable-frequency type, and the high-temperature pressurizing fans 21, the centralized smoke exhaust fan 1, the air valves I56 and II 57 are connected with the controller; the inner layer and the outer layer of the escape passage can adjust different ventilation quantities; the concentrated smoke exhaust fan 1 at the top is of a variable-frequency type, the smoke exhaust intensity can be adjusted, and mechanical smoke exhaust with different degrees can be simulated.
The matched measurement and control system comprises a flue gas temperature measuring system, a pressure measuring system and a flue gas flow field measuring system; the temperature measuring system comprises four thermocouple beam measuring points 20 arranged in each floor, a firing room 31 is a first thermocouple beam, an atrium space is a second thermocouple beam, a corridor is a third thermocouple beam, and a front room, an elevator room and a staircase are fourth thermocouple beams; the first thermocouple bundle is used for measuring the temperature change near a fire source, the second thermocouple bundle is used for measuring the vertical temperature change of the device, the third thermocouple bundle is used for measuring the transverse temperature change of each layer of the device, the fourth thermocouple bundle is used for measuring the temperature change of the escape passage of people, and the four thermocouple bundle measuring points 20 are connected in series and then connected with the temperature data display and acquisition instrument 5; the pressure measurement system consists of a pressure probe 18 arranged in the atrium space 25 and a pressure data acquisition display instrument 19 connected with the pressure probe through an electric signal, so that the real-time monitoring of pressure change in the fire process is realized; the flue gas flow field observation system comprises a sheet light source 54 and a movable telescopic camera 22, wherein the sheet light source 54 is positioned in each layer of the firing room 31 and the atrium space 25, the movable telescopic camera 22 is positioned outside the glass outer wall 37, the sheet light source 54 is positioned at one side adjacent to the observation side of the camera 22, the movement of flue gas on the sheet light source 54 can be observed through the camera 22 during experiment, and the temperature data acquisition instrument 5 is connected with the controller. The light supplement lamp 53 can adjust the space light.
The telescoping device, including wall connecting block 45, flexible piece 13, the expansion bend, wall connecting block 45 installs in each layer floor 12, expansion bend one end is fixed on wall connecting block 45, the other end is connected with flexible piece 13, flexible piece 13 both sides are equipped with sliding tray 49, pulley 50 slidable mounting is at sliding tray 49 and pulley connecting axle 52 and floor 12 both sides inner wall contact on it, the expansion bend is connected with the controller, flexible piece 13 can the in close contact with the outside end of opposite floor 12.
As shown in fig. 5, the experimental fuel supply device comprises a fuel tray 38, a cake tray 39, a heat insulation support 41, an automatic igniter 42, an electronic scale 43 and a support 40, wherein industrial methanol is stored on the fuel tray 38, the heat insulation support 41 is connected with the electronic scale 43, the electronic scale 43 is used for recording fuel consumption conditions, the automatic igniter 42 is mounted on the heat insulation support 41, the automatic igniter 42 is used for igniting fuel in the fuel tray 38, the cake tray 39 located below the fuel tray 38 stores cakes which are burnt to generate smoke, the automatic igniter 42 is connected with a controller, the smoke generated by the cakes is driven to flow in the device by buoyancy generated by flame burning, and the spreading flow of the smoke in the device under the actions of thermal buoyancy, chimney effect and the like can be simulated clearly.
Further, as shown in fig. 6-9, the telescopic device includes a moving block 46, a rotating shaft 47, and a power line 48, wherein one end of the moving block 46 is fixed on the wall surface connecting block 45, and the other end is connected with the telescopic block 13.
Further, thermocouple bundle measurement points 20 within each floor are 1.5m high from the ground of each floor.
Further, a plurality of firing rooms 31 are provided at different positions around the atrium space 25.
Further, a light supplement lamp 53 is further arranged in a room where the sheet light source 54 is installed, whether the light supplement lamp 53 is turned on or not is determined according to the light intensity during the experiment, the light supplement lamp is turned on when the light is weak, and the light supplement lamp is turned off when the light is strong.
The experimental device main part has simulated the structure of zhongting building, and the accessible telescoping device adjusts zhongting space size, can realize the simulation of building conflagration flue gas of different zhongting space area sizes, can cut off at a certain one deck through the telescoping device simultaneously for study zhongting fire prevention smoke protection subregion and the sparse optimal scheme of fleing of personnel.
The experimental device main body is provided with ignition rooms 31 positioned at different positions around the atrium, and the conditions that the ignition rooms 31 at different positions of the experimental device main body are ignited and the ignition rooms at a plurality of positions are simultaneously ignited can be simulated by changing the positions and the number of the fuel supply devices.
The experimental device adopts industrial methanol as a fire source, the combustion is sufficient, the product is clean, and the environmental protection is realized.
The simulation device of the embodiment 1 is used in the fire smoke control experiment of the atrium building, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the sizes of the atrium space 25 required by the experiment are adjusted by changing the position of each layer of telescopic device in the atrium space 25, and the opening degrees of the outer windows 4 and the top skylight 3 on each layer are adjusted to reach the natural ventilation condition required by the experiment.
(2) And checking whether the matched measuring system works normally.
(3) The fuel supply apparatus was placed in the firing room 31 of the experimental study site and the industrial methanol required for the experiment was placed in the fuel tray 38 and the cake was placed in the cake tray 39.
(4) The matched measurement and control system on the experimental device main body is started, the cigarette cake in the cigarette cake tray 39 is ignited firstly, the industrial methanol is ignited by the automatic igniter 42 after the cigarette cake is fuming, the temperature measurement system starts to monitor temperature change, the pressure measurement system starts to monitor pressure change of the atrium space, and the flue gas flow field observation system observes and records flue gas movement.
(5) According to variables in a formulated experimental scheme, after a certain time, starting a spraying system or using a telescopic device to partition one or more layers, starting a high-temperature pressurizing fan and a smoke exhaust fan, and adjusting to the required frequency of the experiment.
(6) And stopping the work of the matched measurement and control system after the sintering is finished, and storing data and videos.
(7) The trial was repeated with varying size of atrium space 25.
(8) The experiment was repeated with varying natural ventilation conditions.
(9) The experiment was repeated with changing the location of the fire room.
(10) And (5) changing the starting condition of the spraying system to perform repeated tests.
(11) The mechanical fume extraction conditions were varied and repeated.
The invention analyzes and researches the flow rule and the control method of the fire smoke of the Zhongting type commercial building according to the ubiquitous fire development rule and the smoke emission rule and scientifically combines the specific characteristics of the Zhongting type commercial building.
Under the conditions of different atrium space sizes, partition conditions, natural ventilation, mechanical smoke exhaust, spraying system starting conditions and fire space positions, the temperature, speed, pressure and movement path conditions of fire smoke in the large space structure of the atrium building are simulated aiming at different fire loads, and relevant data and videos can be recorded for analysis and research.
The above description is exemplary, and the use of the apparatus is not limited to the described embodiments. Many alterations and modifications may be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the illustrated embodiments.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a multilayer can cut off atrium building conflagration flue gas simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the device comprises an experimental device main body, a spraying system, a smoke control system, a matched measurement and control system, a telescopic device, a fuel supply device and a controller, wherein the spraying system, the smoke control system, the matched measurement and control system and the telescopic device are positioned on the experimental device main body;
the experimental device main body is a multi-storey building with adjustable atrium space size, the spatial layout is in symmetrical distribution, a telescopic device is installed on a floor (12) on one side of each atrium space (25), the telescopic device can separate a certain floor, ignition rooms (31) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of each atrium space (12), escape channels and pipe wells (32) are arranged on the left side and the right side of each atrium space, each escape channel comprises a staircase (30), a front room (29) and an elevator room (28), the ignition rooms (31) and the outer wall (10) of the staircase are provided with outer windows (4), the top of the experimental device main body is an arc smoke collecting hood (2), and a skylight (3) is arranged on the experimental device main body; the whole experiment device body is built by steel pipes and is welded and sealed by steel plates, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the experiment device body are high-temperature-resistant glass outer walls (37), a bottom gate (26) of the experiment device body adopts a vertical hinged door I and is subjected to sealing treatment, a room (31) on fire is communicated with a corridor (27) through a vertical hinged door (36) of the room on fire, each front room is communicated with a staircase (30) and the corridor (27) through a front room vertical hinged door (34), each elevator room (28) is communicated with the front room (29) through a vertical hinged door (35) of the elevator room, the staircase (30) is communicated with the corridor (27) through a vertical hinged door (33) of the staircase, and gaps are formed among the vertical hinged door (36) of the room on fire, the front room vertical hinged door (34), the vertical hinged door (35) of the elevator room, and the door frame of the staircase (33);
the spraying system comprises a pressure pump (16) positioned at the bottom layer of the experimental device main body, a water main pipe (15) in a pipe well (32), water branch pipes (14) at each layer, a flow control valve (55) and open type spray heads (17) positioned in a corridor (27) and a firing room (31); the pressure pump (16) at the bottom layer is connected with a water main pipe (15) in the pipe well (32), the water main pipe (15) is connected with water branch pipes (14) at each layer, a flow control valve (55) is installed at the joint of the water main pipe (15) and the water branch pipes (14), open nozzles (17) are arranged on the water branch pipes (14), the open nozzles (17) at each layer are connected with a nozzle switch, and the flow control valve (55) and the pressure pump (16) are both connected with a controller;
the smoke control system comprises a pressurized air supply system and a smoke exhaust system and consists of a high-temperature pressurized fan (21), a centralized smoke exhaust fan (1), a ventilation main pipe (6), a ventilation branch pipe (7) and a ventilation opening (8); the high-temperature pressurizing fans (21) are located on two sides of the experimental device main body and connected to the ventilation main pipes (6) in the pipe shaft (32) through hoses, the ventilation main pipes (6) are connected with the ventilation branch pipes (7) of all layers, air valves I (56), air valves II (57) and ventilation openings (8) are arranged on the ventilation branch pipes (7), the air valves (56) are located at the joints of the ventilation branch pipes (7) leading to the front chamber (29) and the staircases (30) and the main pipes (6), the air valves (57) are located at the joints of the ventilation branch pipes (7) leading to the corridor (27) and the main pipes (6), the ventilation openings (8) are located in the corridor (27), the staircases (30) and the front chamber (29) respectively, the pressurizing ventilation amount of all layers of the ventilation openings (8) can be adjusted through the air valves I (56) and the air valves II (57), the concentrated smoke exhaust fan (1) on the top of the experimental device main body is of a variable-frequency type, and the high-temperature pressurizing fans (21), The centralized smoke exhaust fan (1), the air valve I (56) and the air valve II (57) are connected with a controller;
the matched measurement and control system comprises a flue gas temperature measuring system, a pressure measuring system and a flue gas flow field measuring system; the temperature measuring system comprises four thermocouple bundle measuring points (20) arranged in each floor, wherein a firing room (31) is a first thermocouple bundle, an atrium space is a second thermocouple bundle, a corridor is a third thermocouple bundle, and a front room, an elevator room and a staircase are fourth thermocouple bundles; the four thermocouple beam measuring points (20) are connected in series and then are connected with a temperature data display and acquisition instrument (5); the pressure measuring system consists of a pressure probe (18) arranged in an atrium space (25) and a pressure data acquisition display instrument (19) connected with the pressure probe through an electric signal; the flue gas flow field observation system comprises a sheet light source (54) and a movable telescopic camera (22), wherein the sheet light source (54) is positioned in each layer of fired room (31) and the atrium space (25), the movable telescopic camera (22) is positioned outside a glass outer wall (37), the sheet light source (54) is positioned on one side adjacent to the observation side of the camera (22), and a temperature data acquisition instrument (5) is connected with a controller;
the telescopic device comprises wall connecting blocks (45), telescopic blocks (13) and telescopic devices, wherein the wall connecting blocks (45) are installed in each layer of floor slabs (12), one end of each telescopic device is fixed on the wall connecting block (45), the other end of each telescopic device is connected with the telescopic block (13), sliding grooves (49) are formed in two sides of each telescopic block (13), pulleys (50) are installed in the sliding grooves (49) in a sliding mode, pulley connecting shafts (52) on the pulleys are in contact with the inner walls of two sides of each floor slab (12), each telescopic device is connected with a controller, and each telescopic block (13) can be in close contact with the outer side end of the corresponding floor slab (12);
the experimental fuel supply device comprises a fuel tray (38), a cigarette cake tray (39), a heat insulation support (41), an automatic igniter (42), an electronic scale (43) and a support frame (40), industrial methanol is stored on the fuel tray (38), the heat insulation support (41) is connected with the electronic scale (43), the automatic igniter (42) is installed on the heat insulation support (41), the automatic igniter (42) is used for igniting fuel in the fuel tray (38), the cigarette cake tray (39) located below the fuel tray (38) is used for storing cigarette cakes which are combusted to generate smoke, and the automatic igniter (42) is connected with a controller.
2. The fire smoke simulation experiment device for the multi-layer partible atrium building, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the expansion piece comprises a moving block (46), a rotating shaft (47) and a power line (48), one end of the moving block (46) is fixed on the wall connecting block (45), and the other end of the moving block (46) is connected with the expansion block (13).
3. The fire smoke simulation experiment device for the multi-layer partible atrium building, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thermocouple bundle measuring point (20) in each floor is 1.5m high away from the ground of each floor.
4. The fire smoke simulation experiment device for the multi-layer partible atrium building, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a plurality of firing rooms (31) are arranged at different positions around the atrium space (25).
5. The fire smoke simulation experiment device for the multi-layer partible atrium building, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a light supplement lamp (53) is also arranged in the room where the sheet light source (54) is installed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110389838.4A CN113160688A (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Multilayer can cut off atrium building conflagration flue gas simulation experiment device |
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| CN202110389838.4A CN113160688A (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Multilayer can cut off atrium building conflagration flue gas simulation experiment device |
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| CN113160688A true CN113160688A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115909878A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Small-scale multi-layer cabin-holding section fire smoke flow experiment simulation device |
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2021
- 2021-04-12 CN CN202110389838.4A patent/CN113160688A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115909878A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Small-scale multi-layer cabin-holding section fire smoke flow experiment simulation device |
| CN115909878B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-05-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Small-scale multi-layer accommodation section fire smoke flow experiment simulation device |
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