CN113155913B - Gas sensor for detecting sulfur hexafluoride decomposition product and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gas sensor for detecting sulfur hexafluoride decomposition product and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas sensor for detecting sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sensitive layer in the sensor is made of Co3O4/NiSnO3The hollow porous nanotube is prepared by two-step method, and is prepared by electrostatic spinning method to obtain NiSnO3And (3) preparing the composite hollow porous nanotube by adopting a hydrothermal method on the basis of the nano fiber. The sensor of the invention can maximize enhancement to SO2F2And SOF2The response values of (A) can reach 55 and 15.28 respectively at 50 ℃. At a lower operating temperature, the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor can be obviously improved, which is reflected in higher performanceResponse value and good response recovery time, which can be attributed to Co3O4And NiSnO3The pn junction effect formed, the very large surface area of the hollow porous material, and Co3O4The catalytic effect of (3). The method is simple, and the gas sensor has excellent performance and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas sensor, in particular to a gas sensor for detecting SF6The gas sensor for decomposition product can be mainly used for detecting working gas SF of GIS (gas insulated fully-closed combined electrical appliance system)6Decomposition products (SO)2F2，SOF2，H2S，SO2）。
Background
Sulfur hexafluoride has excellent arc-extinguishing and insulating properties, and thus it is widely used in GIS systems and other insulating systems. However, since the equipment is operated and used for a long period of time, spark discharge, partial discharge, and the like inevitably occur in the system, resulting in a reduction in the insulation performance of the equipment. Sulfur hexafluoride is decomposed into various fluorine and sulfur compounds due to high energy discharges within the system. Meanwhile, the system contains moisture and oxygen to intensify the decomposition of the sulfur hexafluoride. Investigation shows that SO2, H2S, SOF2And SO2F2Is the main decomposition product of sulfur hexafluoride. Since the insulation strength of the decomposition product is weaker than that of SF6On the one hand, these impurity gases reduce the SF6The insulating strength of the insulated equipment, on the other hand, the corrosiveness of the impurity gas also corrodes organic insulating materials, metal conductors, and the like in the equipment. Therefore, there is a need to find a method for removing SF6Effective method for decomposing product, thereby ensuring SF6The operational stability of the insulation device. The adsorbent is used for detecting and removing SF6One of the most common methods for decomposition products. In addition, there have been studies onIt was shown that by analyzing SF in GIS6The content of the decomposition component can diagnose the operation state of the power equipment. Thus, SF can be accurately detected6Decomposition of gas components for prevention of SF6The method has important significance for insulating the early local fault of the power equipment and avoiding the large-scale fault of the power grid. Off-line detection technologies such as infrared absorption spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and the like have been applied to the detection of harmful gases, and the methods have high accuracy, but have long detection period and high cost, and are not suitable for the timely analysis of gas components. In contrast, gas sensors are of great interest because of their low cost, small size, ease of integration, and the potential for on-site monitoring. Among various materials, Metal Oxide Semiconductors (MOSs) are favored by researchers because they have good sensing properties for various gases. Therefore, we prepared Co by using an electrostatic spinning and hydrothermal two-step method3O4/NiSnO3Composite nanotube material and coating process to obtain the novel sensor and find its use in comparing and measuring these component gases for SF removal6The impurity gas and maintenance GIS system provide information data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting SF6Gas sensor of decomposition product and preparation method thereof, and gas sensor based on Co3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotube material for detecting SF in GIS system6Decomposed gas (SO)2F2，SOF2，H2S， SO2) In particular by qualitative or quantitative analysis of SO2F2，SOF2The method is expected to be applied to judging the GIS power system fault diagnosis.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
for detecting SF6The gas sensor of the decomposition product comprises a sensitive layer material which is Co3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotubes.
The sensitive layer material is prepared by adopting a two-step methodFirstly, preparing NiSnO by adopting an electrostatic spinning method3Nano-fiber, and preparing Co by hydrothermal method based on the nano-fiber3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotubes. The method comprises the following specific steps:
SnCl2.2H2O and NiCl2.6H2Forming a mixed solution of O, DMF and ethanol, and continuously stirring; adding PVP into the solution, continuously stirring for at least 6 h, and storing the prepared gel solution overnight; the obtained gel solution is used as spinning solution to carry out electrostatic spinning to obtain PVP-NiSnO3The nano-fiber is annealed in 500-600 ℃ air to remove PVP, and pure NiSnO is obtained3A nanofiber;
adding CoCl2.6H2O and Na2SO4.10H2Adding O into deionized water, stirring to dissolve completely to obtain mixed solution, and weighing prepared NiSnO3Dispersing the nanometer fiber into the mixture, dropping ethylene glycol, transferring into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining autoclave, heating at 95 deg.C for 6 hr, cooling to room temperature, washing with distilled water and ethanol, centrifuging, collecting, drying, and annealing at 500 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain Co3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotubes.
In the above technical solution, furthermore, the SnCl2.2H2O and NiCl2.6H2The molar ratio of O is 3: 1; the volume ratio of DMF to ethanol is 2: 3, and SnCl in the mixed solution2.2H2The concentration of O is 0.0665 mmol/ml; the consumption of the PVP is 0.075 g/ml; the proportion can ensure that better electrostatic spinning gel solution can be obtained to prepare NiSnO with stable shape and performance3A nanofiber;
the parameters in the electrostatic spinning process adopt: a high pressure of 14kv and an advancing speed of 0.06mm/min, and a take-up distance of 20 cm, which ensures the stability of the resulting fiber.
The volume ratio of the ethylene glycol to the deionized water is 1:2, and CoCl is contained in the reaction liquid2.6H2The concentration of O is 8.33mmol/L, the concentration of sodium sulfate is 15.33mmol/L, CoCl2.6H2O and NiSnO3The dosage ratio of the nano-fiber is 2.5mmol/g, and better composite material can be obtained only under the concentration ratio, otherwise, Co is not good3O4May not grow on the nanofibers and, in addition, the conditions of the hydrothermal reaction are also critical factors affecting their final morphology.
Preparation of a sensor and gas detection:
adding the prepared sample into an ethanol-containing grinding body, grinding the sample into slurry, and adhering the slurry on a silver electrode of an alumina substrate by using a brush to form a sensitive layer; drying to obtain the sensor; the gas sensing measurement adopts a CGS-MT test system, adopts a dynamic gas distribution method and uses SF6For background gas, the inductive response (Sr) to the target gas is defined as Ra/Rg, where Ra and Rg are respectively the sensor at SF6(background gas) and target gas (SO)2F2And SOF2) The resistance in the presence. Wherein, the gas-sensitive test is carried out under the conditions that the optimal temperature is 50 ℃ and the optimal relative humidity is 40%.
Has the advantages that:
the invention systematically researches Co3O4/NiSnO3Planar chemical gas sensor with hollow porous nanotube as sensitive layer material and capable of decomposing by-product SO of SF62F2And SOF2Gas sensing performance of (1). The novel porous hollow nanotube Co3O4/NiSnO3 Enhancement of base sensor to SO that can be maximized2F2And SOF2The response values of (A) can reach 55 and 15.28 respectively at 50 ℃. At a lower operating temperature, the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor can be obviously improved by having a higher response value and a good response recovery time, which can be attributed to Co3O4And NiSnO3The pn junction effect formed, the very large surface area of the hollow porous material, and Co3O4The catalytic effect of (3). All results show that the sulfuryl fluoride sensor prepared by the method is a very promising device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas sensor for detecting GIS characteristic gas.
FIG. 2 pure NiSnO3And Co3O4/NiSnO3XRD diffractogram of the composite.
FIG. 3 NiSnO3Nanofibers (a-b), Co3O4/NiSnO3Typical SEM images of porous hollow nanotubes (c-d).
FIG. 4 is based on Co3O4/NiSnO3The sensor is introduced with 100ppm SO at different working temperatures2F2Transient resistance map of (a).
FIG. 5.a-dCo3O4/NiSnO3The sensor is charged with 100ppm SOF at different working temperatures2Transient resistance map of time.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the performance of the sensors of the present invention with those of the prior art reports (references [1] to [5 ]).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Preparing a sensitive layer material and a gas sensor:
1）1.33 mM SnCl2.2H2o and 0.43 mM NiCl2.6H2O was mixed with 8 ml DMF and 12 ml ethanol and stirring was continued for 30 min.
2) 1.5 g PVP was added to the solution and stirring was continued for 6 h and the gel solution was kept overnight. The gel solution was filled into a plastic syringe.
3) The collector of the nanofibres is a piece of aluminium foil, the distance between the anode and the cathode is 20 cm, providing a high pressure of 14kv and a forward velocity of 0.06 mm/min.
4) PVP-NiSnO prepared by electrospinning3Annealing the nano-fiber in the air at 500 ℃ for 2 h, removing PVP and obtaining pure NiSnO3And (3) nano fibers.
5）0.25mM CoCl2.6H2O and 0.46mM Na2SO4.10H2Adding O into 20 mL of deionized water, stirring until the O is fully dissolved, and then weighing the prepared nano NiSnO30.1 g of nanofibers was dispersed in the above mixed aqueous solution.
6) 10 ml of ethylene glycol was added dropwise to the above solution mixture.
7) The solution mixture was transferred to a 40 ml teflon lined autoclave and heated at 95 ℃ for 6 hours.
8) The autoclave was cooled to room temperature, washed with distilled water and ethanol, centrifuged to collect and remove unwanted soluble ions.
9) Drying the obtained product in a 70 ℃ oven, annealing in 500 ℃ air for 2 h at the heating rate of 2.0 ℃/min to obtain Co3O4/NiSnO3Porous hollow nanotubes. Dispersing the calcined material in absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic grinding and pulping, coating the obtained product on an aluminum oxide silver electrode, and drying.
Gas-sensitive test:
in CGS-MT operation, nitrogen is firstly introduced to clean the chamber, and SF is then introduced6Introducing gas to be detected after its resistance value is stable, repeating SF after its resistance value is stable6The cycle stability can be tested in conjunction with the operation of the gas to be detected.
And (4) analyzing results:
1) XRD analysis: from prepared Co3O4/NiSnO3As can be seen from the XRD diffraction spectrum (FIG. 2) of the composite material, NiSnO corresponding to the diffraction peak thereof3Is of cubic perovskite crystal structure, Co3O4Is a cubic geometry. NiSnO3The cubic perovskite phase of (a) is matched with a standard data card (JCPDS 28-0711). While the XRD scattering angles at 31.43 deg., 37.05 deg. and 44.96 deg. correspond to the (220), (311) and (400) crystallographic planes, respectively, indicating Co3O4Matches the standard data card (JCPDS file number 43-1003). Therefore, it can be proved that the method successfully prepares Co3O4/NiSnO3A composite material.
2) SEM analysis: pure NiSnO3SEM photographs of the samples consisted of ultra-long nanofibers with smooth surfaces and uniform diameters, as shown in fig. 3 (a-b). Based on Co3O4/NiSnO3SEM photograph of sample of composite materialNiSnO after hydrothermal treatment3Co is orderly deposited on the surface of the nano-fiber3O4And (4) forming high-hole hollow nanotubes (c and d in the figure 3).
3) Gas-sensitive property: as shown in FIG. 4, 100ppm of SO was introduced at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ to 100 ℃2F2Measured based on Co3O4/NiSnO3Sensor pair of composite nanotubes2F2And SOF2The response of the gas, as can be seen in the figure, is at an optimum test temperature of 50 ℃. Based on Co3O4/NiSnO3Sensor pair of composite nanotubes2F2The gas response is obvious, the maximum response at 50 ℃ is 55, and the response time and the recovery time are 147 s and 590 s respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 5, 100ppm of SOF was fed at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ to 100 ℃2Based on Co3O4/NiSnO3Sensor pair SOF of composite nanotubes2The gas also showed a significant response with a maximum response of 15.28 at 50 ℃.
We have found that pure NiSnO is produced in the present invention3The response of the nano-fiber is very poor, and almost no complete response curve can be obtained, only Co is prepared3O4/NiSnO3The performance can be greatly improved after the nanotube is compounded; and by comparison with the prior art, as shown in fig. 6, the sensor performance of SF6 decomposition products in the prior report is summarized. Peng et al. [1]The result shows that the ZnO nano-rod has faster response recovery time, but the working temperature is higher than 250 ℃. Especially when used for detecting SO2F2And SOF2When the temperature reaches 300 ℃, the power consumption is high. In contrast, the working temperature of the sensor based on the Co3O4/NiSnO3 porous hollow nanotube works at room temperature, and the sensor has higher sensitivity at 50 ℃. With TiO2Nanotube [2 ]]Compared with the prior art, the sensor prepared by the invention has the advantages of response and recovery performance. Exposure to SO2F2And SOF2Then, TiO 22The nanotube sensor cannot be restored to the original state. Liu et al [3 ]]NiO modified ZnO nanoflower is provided, and high NiO modified ZnO nanoflower is obtainedThe response value. However, the working temperature of NiO-ZnO is still too high. Zhang et al [4 ]]Detecting SOF at room temperature by using gold modified graphene as sensitive material2. But its response value is low and response recovery time is long. Yang et al [5]]Using Au-CeO2Detection of SOF as sensitive material at room temperature2, Pd-CeO2Detection of SO at high temperatures2F2And the power consumption is reduced. Thus, the present invention is based on Co, as compared to the previously reported schemes3O4/NiSnO3The sensor of the porous hollow nanotube can be used for 100ppm SO at relatively low working temperature2F2And SOF2Shows the maximum response, shows unique performance and provides good guidance for further research in the field of advanced gas sensors.
Reference to the literature
[1] S. Peng, G.Wu, W. Song, Q.Wang, Application of flower-like ZnO nanorods gas sensor detecting SF6 decomposition products, J. Nanomater. (2013) 135147.
[2] X. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Jia, P. Xiao, J. Tang, TiO2 nanotube array sensor for detecting the SF6 decomposition product SO2, Sensors-Basel 12 (2012) 3302–3313.
[3] H. Liu, Q. Zhou, Q. Zhang, C. Hong, L. Xu, L. Jin, W. Chen, Synthesis, characterization and enhanced sensing properties of a NiO/ZnO p-n junctions sensor for the SF6 decomposition byproducts SO2, SO2F2, and SOF2, Sensors-Basel 17 (4) (2017) 913.
[4] X. Zhang, L. Yu, X. Wu, W. Hu, Experimental sensing and density functional theory study of H2S and SOF2 adsorption on Au-modified graphene, Adv. Sci. 2 (2015), 1500101.
[5] A. Yang, W. Li, J. Chu, D. Wang, H. Yuan, J. Zhu, X. Wang, M. Rong, Enhanced sensing of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition components based on noble-metal-functionalized cerium oxide, Materials & Design. 187 (2020), 108391.
Claims (7)
1. For detecting SF6The gas sensor of the decomposition product comprises a sensitive layer material, and is characterized in that the sensitive layer material is Co3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotubes.
2. The method for detecting SF according to claim 16The gas sensor of the decomposition product is characterized in that the sensitive layer material is prepared by adopting a two-step method, and NiSnO is prepared by adopting an electrostatic spinning method firstly3Nano-fiber, and preparing Co by hydrothermal method based on the nano-fiber3O4/NiSnO3Hollow porous nanotubes.
3. The method for detecting SF according to claim 16The gas sensor of the decomposition product is characterized in that NiSnO is prepared by electrostatic spinning3The nanofiber comprises the following specific components:
SnCl2.2H2O and NiCl2.6H2Forming a mixed solution of O, DMF and ethanol, and continuously stirring; adding PVP into the solution, continuously stirring for at least 6 h, and storing the prepared gel solution overnight; the obtained gel solution is used as spinning solution to carry out electrostatic spinning to obtain PVP-NiSnO3The nano-fiber is annealed in 500-600 ℃ air to remove PVP, and pure NiSnO is obtained3And (3) nano fibers.
4. The method for detecting SF according to claim 36Gas sensor of decomposition products, characterized in that said SnCl2.2H2O and NiCl2.6H2The molar ratio of O is 3: 1; the volume ratio of DMF to ethanol is 2: 3, and SnCl in the mixed solution2.2H2The concentration of O is 0.0665 mmol/ml; the PVP is used in an amount of 0.075 g/ml.
5. The method for detecting SF according to claim 36Decomposition productThe gas sensor of the object is characterized in that the parameters in the electrostatic spinning process are as follows: the spinning voltage was 14kv, the advancing speed was 0.06mm/min, and the take-up distance was 20 cm.
6. The method for detecting SF according to claim 16The gas sensor of the decomposition product is characterized in that the hydrothermal method is used for preparing Co3O4/NiSnO3The hollow porous nanotube specifically comprises the following components:
adding CoCl2.6H2O and Na2SO4.10H2Adding O into deionized water, stirring to dissolve completely to obtain mixed solution, and weighing prepared NiSnO3Dispersing the nano-fiber into the mixed solution, dripping ethylene glycol to obtain a reaction solution, transferring the reaction solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining autoclave, heating the reaction solution at 95 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, washing the reaction solution with distilled water and ethanol, centrifuging and collecting the reaction solution, drying the product, and annealing the product in the air at 500 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain Co3O4/NiSnO3A hollow porous nanotube.
7. The method for detecting SF according to claim 66The gas sensor of the decomposition product is characterized in that the volume ratio of the ethylene glycol to the deionized water is 1:2, and CoCl is contained in the reaction liquid2.6H2The concentration of O is 8.33mmol/L, the concentration of sodium sulfate is 15.33mmol/L, CoCl2.6H2O and NiSnO3The dosage ratio of the nano-fiber is 2.5 mmol/g.
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| CN113740499B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-04-15 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司检修公司 | GIS gas component concentration detection method based on artificial intelligence |
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