CN113153866B - 一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统 - Google Patents

一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN113153866B
CN113153866B CN202110461437.5A CN202110461437A CN113153866B CN 113153866 B CN113153866 B CN 113153866B CN 202110461437 A CN202110461437 A CN 202110461437A CN 113153866 B CN113153866 B CN 113153866B
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倪宝玉
王作程
薛彦卓
狄少丞
王庆
鞠磊
鲁阳
武奇刚
袁广宇
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
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    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
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Abstract

本发明属于水下破冰技术领域，具体涉及一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统。本发明是对以往装置进一步优化，将连接轻杆更改为传动撞针与弹簧的组合，只需要在两构件之间增加一根复位弹簧，降低了加工和组装的难度，电磁驱动过程中弹簧会对电磁活塞进行缓冲和方向修正，传动撞针受力时间极短，大大增加了设备使用寿命。本发明通过使用斜面活塞密封件、可拆卸式的限位铜板，在利用气压差密封装置的基础上增加了复位弹簧压力，进一步加强了装备气密性。

Description

一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统
技术领域
本发明属于水下破冰技术领域，具体涉及一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统。
背景技术
随着北极冰盖逐年消融，北极航道开辟和资源探索都有着光明的前景，对于新型破冰方法的研究的需求日益增加。目前主流破冰方法主要有冲击载荷破冰法、机械式破冰法、辅助船舶运动式破冰等，当有潜艇出水的需求时，则需要研究额外浮体(水下潜体)破冰法。目前国内对慢速浮体破冰的研究虽然有所进展，但对高速水下潜体上浮破冰的实验设备设计则非常有限。
在高速水下潜体破冰的实验中，快速产生能提供足够压力气动脉冲的驱动装置与模拟水下潜体的钢制回转体的快速响应是两大关键。在已知产生气动脉冲装置实验技术中，专利申请号为201910228272.X的专利“一种用于水下高压气体破冰实验的气枪装置”通过传动连杆将电磁活塞与密封活塞连接，密封活塞通过高压气缸与外部的内外压力差实现装置密封。从加工角度来说，两不同材质的活塞通过传动轻杆连接，对加工精密度要求较高，加工难度大，安装过程比较繁琐。从使用寿命的角度来说，由于设备大多处于高速高压工况，轻杆在频繁高压的使用过程中容易出现形变甚至弯折的情况导致装置寿命降低，故而需要对传动系统进行改进。专利申请号为201811169354.3的专利“一种电磁控制的水下高压气泡源装置”通过一个电磁铁控制杠杆结构，在弹簧作用下产生水下气动脉冲，未考虑重复实验的需求，每次实验后需要人工复原装置，同时杠杆卡扣的设计使整套装置结构复杂，稳定性低，不利于进行长期大量对比实验。
在已知回转体响应气动脉冲撞击技术中，专利申请号为200420117070.7的专利“钢球发射装置”通过将高压气体分流，使用两次气动脉冲将钢球发射，但钢球发射后无法复位，需要人工手动放入新的钢球，该装置通过进球管道放入钢球，无法保证每次实验放入时位置完全相同，为了让小球不滚动，设备必须始终保持在水平状态，对实验环境有了较大限制；若实验要求研究不同尺寸的钢球撞击，则需额外制作不同内径的枪头，而不能通过直接更换小球来实现，即降低了实验效率，又增加了成本。
现有的气动脉冲产生与响应装置存在不足：
(1)两活塞构件通过轻杆连接加工不便且影响设备使用寿命。
(2)结构复杂，大多需要杠杆机械结构或多个电磁阀同时工作，对控制精度需求高。
(3)可重复性低，需要人工手动复原设备，严重影响实验效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案来实现：包括外壳、压缩气缸和喷气输出通道；所述的外壳内部由上到下分为储气区、输气区和电磁区，储气区与输气区之间由限位板分隔，输气区和电磁区之间由密封活塞分隔；所述的压缩气缸的输出端通过输气管与外壳内部的储气区连接，在输气管上设有气阀，储气区外部设有气压表；所述的电磁区底部内壁上设有电磁线圈，在电磁线圈之间安装有电磁活塞；所述的外壳内部的输气区底部为渐收缩式气道；所述的密封活塞与渐收缩式气道尺寸适配，密封活塞顶面通过第一复位弹簧与限位板底面连接，密封活塞底面通过第二复位弹簧与电磁活塞顶面连接，在密封活塞下端安装有传动撞针，第二复位弹簧设置在传动撞针外围；所述的限位板中央开设有进气口，储气区的气体可通过限位板上的进气口进入输气区；所述的喷气输出通道的输入端与渐收缩式气道连通，喷气输出通道的输出端与外壳外部连通。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提供的一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统，是对以往装置进一步优化，将连接轻杆更改为传动撞针与弹簧的组合，只需要在两构件之间增加一根复位弹簧，降低了加工和组装的难度，电磁驱动过程中弹簧会对电磁活塞进行缓冲和方向修正，传动撞针受力时间极短，大大增加了设备使用寿命。本发明使用了斜面活塞密封件、可拆卸式的限位铜板，在利用气压差密封装置的基础上增加了复位弹簧压力，进一步加强了装备气密性。
附图说明
图1为一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统处于密闭状态的结构图。
图2为一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统处于释放状态的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
本发明提供一种用于高速回转体水下破冰实验的驱动系统，本发明加工方便使用寿命长，且能进一步增加装置气密性。
一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统，包括外壳1、压缩气缸11和喷气输出通道；所述的外壳内部由上到下分为储气区、输气区和电磁区，储气区与输气区之间由限位板8分隔，输气区和电磁区之间由密封活塞3分隔；所述的压缩气缸的输出端通过输气管与外壳内部的储气区连接，在输气管上设有气阀10，储气区外部设有气压表9；所述的电磁区底部内壁上设有电磁线圈6，在电磁线圈之间安装有电磁活塞7；所述的外壳内部的输气区底部为渐收缩式气道；所述的密封活塞与渐收缩式气道尺寸适配，密封活塞顶面通过第一复位弹簧2与限位板底面连接，密封活塞底面通过第二复位弹簧4与电磁活塞顶面连接，在密封活塞下端安装有传动撞针5，第二复位弹簧设置在传动撞针外围；所述的限位板8中央开设有进气口，储气区的气体可通过限位板上的进气口进入输气区；所述的喷气输出通道的输入端与渐收缩式气道连通，喷气输出通道的输出端与外壳外部连通。
实施例1：
本发明提供一种用于高速回转体水下破冰实验的驱动系统，由压缩气缸组和电磁驱动模块组成。压缩气缸组用来储存提供动力的高压气体，由压缩气缸11，输气管，气阀10，气压表9组成；电磁驱动模块用于控制气动脉冲的产生，由钢制外壳1，斜面密封活塞3，传动撞针5，第一复位弹簧2和第二复位弹簧4，可拆卸限位铜板8，电磁线圈6，电磁活塞7组成。本发明提供的实验装置有效地实现了钢制回转体的高速出入水破冰并复位，操作方便安全，结构简单可靠。
压缩气缸11的外壳由耐压材料制成，斜面密封活塞3由橡胶材料制成。钢制外壳1内部由上到下分为储气区、输气区和电磁区，储气区与输气区之间由可拆卸限位铜板8分隔，输气区和电磁区之间由斜面密封活塞3分隔；可拆卸限位铜板8通过螺纹连接在输气区气道上端，在可拆卸限位铜板8中央开设有进气口；储气区内的气压可以由气压表9观察到。电磁线圈6通过传动撞针5驱动电磁活塞7上下移动，实现高压气体的快速释放，第一复位弹簧2和第二复位弹簧4用于每次实验后斜面密封活塞的回位密封。
参见图1和图2，需要释放高压气体时，打开气阀10；预定压力的高压气体进入钢制外壳1内部的储气区，并从可拆卸限位铜板8中央开设的进气口进入输气区，使斜面密封活塞3上方空间充斥高压气体；随后将电磁线圈6通电，电磁活塞7在电磁线圈6作用下向上运动，并撞击传动撞针5驱动斜面密封活塞3向上运动，高压气体瞬间从斜面密封活塞3与渐收缩式气道之间的缝隙进入喷气输出通道，从喷气输出通道的输出端释放而出。
完成高压气体释放后，将电磁线圈6断电，斜面密封活塞3在第一复位弹簧2和气压的共同作用下快速向下运动，并通过第二复位弹簧4驱动电磁活塞7向下运动，将电磁驱动模块复原。关闭气阀10，将钢制外壳1上部的储气区重新密封。
本发明提供的用于高速回转体水下破冰实验的驱动系统，对以往装置进一步优化。将连接轻杆更改为传动撞针与弹簧的组合，只需要在两构件之间增加一根复位弹簧，降低了加工和组装的难度，电磁驱动过程中弹簧会对电磁活塞进行缓冲和方向修正，传动撞针受力时间极短，大大增加了设备使用寿命。使用斜面活塞密封件的同时可拆卸式的限位铜板在利用气压差密封装置的基础上增加了复位弹簧压力，进一步加强了装备气密性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于高速回转体水下破冰的驱动系统，其特征在于：包括外壳、压缩气缸和喷气输出通道；所述的外壳内部由上到下分为储气区、输气区和电磁区，储气区与输气区之间由限位板分隔，输气区和电磁区之间由密封活塞分隔；所述的压缩气缸的输出端通过输气管与外壳内部的储气区连接，在输气管上设有气阀，储气区外部设有气压表；所述的电磁区底部内壁上设有电磁线圈，在电磁线圈之间安装有电磁活塞；所述的外壳内部的输气区底部为渐收缩式气道；所述的密封活塞与渐收缩式气道尺寸适配，密封活塞顶面通过第一复位弹簧与限位板底面连接，密封活塞底面通过第二复位弹簧与电磁活塞顶面连接，在密封活塞下端安装有传动撞针，第二复位弹簧设置在传动撞针外围；所述的限位板中央开设有进气口，储气区的气体可通过限位板上的进气口进入输气区；所述的喷气输出通道的输入端与渐收缩式气道连通，喷气输出通道的输出端与外壳外部连通。
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