CN113153656B - Tower clearance monitoring system and monitoring method of fan - Google Patents
Tower clearance monitoring system and monitoring method of fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN113153656B CN113153656B CN202110579969.9A CN202110579969A CN113153656B CN 113153656 B CN113153656 B CN 113153656B CN 202110579969 A CN202110579969 A CN 202110579969A CN 113153656 B CN113153656 B CN 113153656B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Abstract
The invention provides a tower clearance monitoring system and a monitoring method of a fan, and relates to the field of wind power generation, wherein the tower monitoring system comprises a ranging device and a processing device, the ranging device is electrically connected with the processing device, the ranging device is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device is used for projecting ranging signals to the bottom end of the motion outline of a blade of the fan or to the tower of the fan through the bottom end; the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device can quickly and accurately determine the tower clearance information in the running process of the fan, and provide guarantee for the safety evaluation of the running of the blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a tower clearance monitoring system and a monitoring method of a fan.
Background
The wind power generator set is a device for converting wind energy into electric energy, and the principle is that wind power is utilized to drive windmill blades to rotate, and then the rotating speed is increased through a speed increaser so as to drive a generator to generate electricity. The design of the blades in the wind generating set directly influences the conversion efficiency of wind energy, and then the annual energy generation amount of the wind energy, is an important ring of wind energy utilization, and especially, the wind power generation comes in the low price age, the longer the fan blades are, the better the fan blades are, but the rigidity is smaller the longer the fan blades are, the deformation of the fan blades is increased when the fan operates, and the tower clearance value (the tower clearance value refers to the straight line distance from the blade tip to the tower wall when the fan blades sweep the vertical plane of the tower) is increased under the influence of wind conditions, so that the blades collide with the tower, and the blades and/or the tower are broken.
In the prior art, the tower empty value of the wind generating set can be detected by a video analysis method, but the method is greatly limited by illumination, the empty value cannot be directly measured, the images are required to be identified and processed, the analysis is complex, the precision is difficult to ensure, and the performance requirement of analysis equipment is high.
In addition, the method for installing the distance meter on the outer wall of the tower or the tip of the blade is also provided, the distance meter can directly measure the distance between the tip of the blade and the tower to obtain a clearance value, but in practical application, the method also faces the difficulty in installing, maintaining and leading the distance meter, and meanwhile, when the blade rotates, the distance meter can also influence the unit, so that the finally obtained clearance value is inaccurate and cannot provide a basis for the safety of the operation of the blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves at least one technical problem that the precision is difficult to guarantee, the installation and the maintenance are difficult and the like in the existing method.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a tower clearance monitoring system of a fan, which comprises a ranging device and a processing device, wherein the ranging device is electrically connected with the processing device, the ranging device is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device is used for projecting ranging signals to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade of the fan or to the tower of the fan through the bottom end; the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals.
Therefore, the distance measuring device is arranged in front of the wind generating set, difficulties in installation or maintenance are avoided, a plurality of distance measuring signals are transmitted through the distance measuring device during measurement each time, the distance measuring signals are projected to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade to the tower of the fan, the distance between the distance measuring device and the tower and the distance between the distance measuring device and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade are conveniently obtained, and therefore the processing device electrically connected with the distance measuring device can finally calculate the tower clearance value of the blade according to the distance measuring signals, so that whether the operation of the blade is safe or not is confirmed.
Further, a calibration included angle is formed between a connecting line from the ranging device to the bottom end and a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals and the calibration included angle.
Therefore, a connecting line from the ranging device to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade of the fan forms a certain included angle with the horizontal plane, and the processing device can accurately acquire tower clearance information through the included angle and the ranging signal.
Further, the ranging signal includes a first linear distance of the ranging device from the bottom end to the tower and a second linear distance of the ranging device from the bottom end;
the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance, the second linear distance and the calibration included angle.
From this, processing apparatus can improve tower clearance information through first straight line distance, second straight line distance and this contained angle more accurately.
Further, the processing device is configured to determine tower clearance information of the fan according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clearance value at a calibration time, alpha is the calibration included angle, S 1 is the first linear distance, and S 2 is the second linear distance.
Therefore, when the blades rotate, the distance between the blade tips and the towers is reduced due to vibration instability of the wind generating set, and the clearance values calculated by the formula can accurately measure the clearance values of the towers at different moments of a plurality of groups of blades, so that safety guarantee is provided for the operation of the blades.
Further, the processing device is further configured to:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to the tower clearance value at the calibration moment;
And generating a headroom-wind speed curve according to a plurality of groups of corresponding tower headroom values and wind speed values.
Therefore, the processing device can finally fit a clearance-wind speed curve according to the clearance value of the tower and the wind speed value corresponding to the clearance value, and an accurate basis is provided for safe operation of the fan.
Further, the processing device is further configured to: and analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve.
Therefore, through the clearance-wind speed curve, whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified or not can be confirmed, and whether the operation of the fan blades is safe or not can be further confirmed.
Further, the processing device is further configured to:
Analyzing whether a plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a first preset value or whether differences among a plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
and determining whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on an analysis result.
Therefore, the tower clearance value of each blade of the wind generating set directly influences the rotation of the whole wind generating set, so that whether the difference value of the tower clearance value of each blade and the tower clearance value among each blade is qualified or not needs to be confirmed.
Further, the system also comprises a supporting device for supporting the distance measuring device, wherein the supporting device comprises a level meter for determining the calibration included angle.
Thereby, the support means facilitates maintaining the stability of the distance measuring device.
Further, the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring device.
Thus, the laser ranging device can operate in a poor environment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a tower clearance monitoring method of the fan, which comprises the following steps:
And determining tower clearance information of the fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device, wherein the ranging device is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device is used for projecting the ranging signal to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade of the fan or to the tower of the fan through the bottom end.
Therefore, the distance measuring device is arranged in front of the wind generating set, difficulties in installation or maintenance are avoided, a plurality of distance measuring signals are transmitted through the distance measuring device at different angles, the distance measuring signals are projected to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade to the tower of the fan, and accordingly, the tower clearance value of the blade can be finally calculated according to the distance measuring signals, and whether the operation of the blade is safe or not is confirmed.
Compared with the prior art, the tower clearance monitoring method of the fan has the same beneficial effects as the tower clearance monitoring system of the fan, and is not repeated here.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ranging result of a ranging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of the headroom-wind speed test data for each blade at different wind speeds in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of test results for verifying accuracy of a tripod level under a ranging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a tower clearance monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a tower clearance monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the headroom-wind speed fit of each blade at 4-13.5m/s wind speed for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the headroom-wind speed fit for each blade at 8-10.5m/s wind speed for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The blades of a wind generating set are usually installed in front of a tower, if the blades are installed in a position downwind of the tower (behind the tower), and if the blades move to the position of the tower, because of the turbulent flow area behind the tower, the load change of the single blades can be larger, so that the stress difference of three blades is increased, and the vibration of a fan can be more obvious. Of course, the blades are installed at the downwind position of the tower, but the blades are installed at the downwind position of the tower only when the clearance cannot be met due to the overlarge blades, the invention is mainly described by installing the blades in front of the tower, but the tower clearance monitoring system of the fan is not suitable for the fan with the blades installed at the downwind position of the tower.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, the term "a particular embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same implementations or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, "/" means or, for example, a/B may represent a or B; the text "and/or" is merely an association relation describing the association object, and the representation may have three kinds of relations, for example, a and/or B may represent: a and B are respectively arranged, and B are respectively arranged.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 in combination, a tower clearance monitoring system of a fan according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a ranging device 3 and a processing device, wherein the ranging device 3 is electrically connected with the processing device, the ranging device 3 is configured to be disposed directly in front of the fan, and the ranging device 3 is configured to project a ranging signal to a bottom end of a motion outline of a blade 2 of the fan, or to be passed through the bottom end to a tower 1 of the fan; the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals.
At present, the wind generating set (fan for short) is most commonly provided with three blades, and the fan provided with the three blades has better dynamic balance, is not easy to oscillate, reduces the abrasion of a bearing, and can reduce the maintenance cost. In the present embodiment, a fan with three blades is mainly described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be applied to a wind turbine generator set with other number of blades.
Optionally, a calibration included angle is formed between a connecting line from the ranging device 3 to the bottom end and a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
The processing device is specifically used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals and the calibration included angle.
The ranging signal comprises a first linear distance S 1 from the bottom end to the tower of the ranging device 3 and a second linear distance S 2 from the ranging device 3 to the bottom end;
the processing device is specifically configured to determine tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance S 1, the second linear distance S 2, and the calibration included angle α.
Specifically, the distance measuring device 3 is arranged in front of the fan, a plurality of distance measuring signals are emitted when the distance measuring device 3 measures for a single time, a plurality of distance measuring signals can be emitted at different angles between each measurement, part of the distance measuring signals reach the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan and the other part of the distance measuring signals pass through the bottom end to the tower 1 of the fan, and the distance measuring signals are used for obtaining a first linear distance S 1 between the distance measuring device 3 and the tower 1 and a second linear distance S 2 between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan.
Therefore, the distance measuring device 3 is arranged in front of the fan, so that difficulties in installation or maintenance and the like are avoided, the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is 50-200m, and the measured result data are accurate. If the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is smaller than 50m, the distance measuring device 3 is too close to the fan, and the operation of the fan is affected; if the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is greater than 200, the distance measuring device 3 is too far away from the fan, and errors are easily caused in the measurement result.
Preferably, the distance measuring device 3 is one of an infrared distance measuring device, a laser distance measuring device and an ultrasonic distance measuring device. Preferably, the ranging device 3 is a laser ranging device that generally works well in poor environments because the focused light "passes" through dust. The focusing light beam can also realize a longer sensing distance, and can detect a small object or target through a small opening, and the laser ranging device is used for detailed explanation below; when the laser ranging device is a single-line laser ranging device, as the fan rotates continuously and the light beam emitted by the laser ranging device is only a single line, a plurality of ranging signals need to be emitted to acquire a first linear distance S 1 between the ranging device 3 and the tower 1 and a second linear distance S 2 between the ranging device 3 and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan; similarly, when the laser ranging device is a multi-line laser ranging device, since the fan rotates continuously, in order to ensure that the first linear distance S 1 and the second linear distance S 2 can be accurately obtained, the multi-line laser ranging device also needs to transmit a plurality of ranging signals.
Optionally, a supporting device is arranged below the laser ranging device, the supporting device is used for supporting the ranging device 3, and the supporting device comprises a level meter to determine the calibration included angle. The tripod with the level meter can ensure that the laser ranging device is stably locked at a position, is convenient for select an angle and can maintain the same angle to work for a long time, greatly reduces the jitter amplitude of the laser ranging device, and enables the obtained data to be more accurate. The fixing manner of the laser ranging device and the tripod and the fixing manner of the tripod and the ground can refer to the fixing manner of the camera in the expressway, but the invention is not limited in particular.
It should be noted that, the ranging device 3 may include one or more laser ranging devices, when the ranging device 3 is one laser ranging device and the laser ranging device measures at a single time, the laser ranging device needs to emit a plurality of ranging signals at the same angle, and part of the ranging signals reach the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan and the other part of the ranging signals reach the tower 1 of the fan through the bottom end; when the ranging device 3 is a laser ranging device and the laser ranging device performs multiple measurements, the laser ranging device may transmit multiple ranging signals at the same angle or may transmit multiple ranging signals at partially or completely different angles, so-called "single measurement" is a complete measurement.
When the ranging device 3 is a plurality of laser ranging devices, each laser ranging device sets the same parameters, wherein the parameters include: elevation angle, emission frequency, measurement distance, measurement accuracy, working temperature, etc.; each laser ranging device can respectively acquire a first linear distance S 1 between the ranging device 3 and the tower 1 and a second linear distance S 2 between the ranging device 3 and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan through the ranging signals; illustrating: when the distance measuring device 3 is 2 laser distance measuring devices, the first laser distance measuring device obtains a first linear distance S 1 between the distance measuring device 3 and the tower 1 through a distance measuring signal, the second laser distance measuring device obtains a second linear distance S 2 between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade 2 of the fan through a distance measuring signal, and finally the tower clearance information is determined through a processing device.
Before the laser ranging device starts to be used, as shown in fig. 4, the accuracy of the tripod level is verified, 2 laser ranging devices are placed on the tripod, the elevation angle of one laser ranging device is adjusted to 29.86 degrees, and the elevation angle of the other laser ranging device is adjusted to 0 degrees. The test interface is shown in fig. 4, the laser ranging at the elevation angle of 29.86 degrees is 179m, the laser ranging at the elevation angle of 0 degrees is 156m,179 x cos29.86 approximately equal to 156, so the tripod level meter of the equipment can be normally used.
Optionally, the processing device is specifically further configured to determine tower clearance information of the fan according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clearance value at a calibration time, alpha is the calibration included angle, S 1 is the first linear distance, and S 2 is the second linear distance.
Therefore, when the blades 2 rotate, the distance between the tip of the blade 2 and the tower 1 is reduced due to the instability of the vibration of the fan, the clearance value of each blade can be accurately measured through the clearance value calculated by the formula, the safety guarantee is provided for the operation of each blade, and the data results of the clearance values corresponding to different distances between the laser ranging device and the wind generating set can be seen in table 1.
TABLE 1
It should be noted that, the above table 1 only illustrates that, in all cases where the distance between 50m and 200m is equal, it can be known from table 1 that the distance between the laser ranging device and the wind turbine generator set is different, the same blade is calculated according to the above formula, and the final clearance value when the wind turbine generator set is operated can be found according to the result that the distance between the laser ranging device and the wind turbine generator set is within the range of 50m to 200m, thereby indicating that the above formula can effectively measure the clearance value.
The processing device is specifically further used for:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to a tower clearance value at a calibration moment;
and generating a clearance-wind speed curve according to the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values and wind speed values.
The risk of the blade 2 'sweeping the tower' is estimated in advance through a clearance-wind speed test curve, and reasonable control actions are carried out, wherein the blade collides with the tower, so that the blade and the tower are broken.
And analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve, so as to confirm whether the operation of the fan blades is safe or not.
Analyzing whether a plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a first preset value or whether the difference values among the plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
based on the analysis results, it is determined whether the tower clearance is acceptable.
Because the tower clearance values of the blades of the wind generating set directly influence the rotation of the whole fan, whether the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified or not needs to be confirmed, if the tower clearance value of one blade is not qualified, shutdown checking is needed, the phenomenon that the tower clearance value of each blade is greatly lost due to the fact that the tower sweeping happens when the wind generating set operates is prevented, the deviation of the tower clearance values among the blades is also needed to be within a second preset value, the deviation exceeds the preset range, the operation of the whole fan is influenced, and the zero position of the blade needs to be recalibrated.
For the prior art, the invention only needs to operate at the periphery of the wind generating set, the distance measuring device 3 is simple to install, convenient to debug and high in operability, and the invention has few interference factors and high test precision.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for a system or system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to a method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, with reference to the description of the method embodiment being made in part. The tower clearance monitoring system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring tower clearance of a fan, which includes determining tower clearance information of the fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device 3, wherein the ranging device 3 is configured to be disposed directly in front of the fan, and the ranging device 3 is configured to project the ranging signal to a bottom end of a motion outline of a blade 2 of the fan, or to be passed through the bottom end to a tower 1 of the fan.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a flow of steps of a tower clearance monitoring method for validating a wind turbine based on the ranging device 3 of FIG. 1 will be described.
Some specific embodiments, the present embodiment is implemented based on the above processing device, as shown in fig. 5, step S1, obtaining a real-time wind speed;
By way of example, solutionCenter software is used for recording data such as fan time, wind speed, power, frequency and the like, the recording is a scheduling end power grid fault diagnosis system based on fault recording information, the fault recorder is mainly used for a power system, and can automatically and accurately record the change conditions of various electric quantities in the processes before and after the fault when the system breaks down, and the fault recorder plays an important role in analyzing, comparing and analyzing the electric quantities, processing accidents, judging whether protection is correct or not and improving the safe operation level of the power system. Of course, since the fault recorder or the recording file stored in the fault recorder is different according to the type of the fan and the fan manufacturer, the recording can be performed according to the type of the fan and the fan manufacturer, and the related data can be obtained.
It should be noted that, for convenience of data processing, the frequency of the wave recording needs to be consistent with the frequency emitted by the laser ranging device, specifically, the frequency emitted by the laser ranging device is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and because the chord length of the tip of the blade 2 is small, when the wind turbine generator works, the rotation of the blade 2 is faster, so that strict regulations need to be provided for the frequency emitted by the laser ranging device, and the higher the frequency emitted by the laser ranging device, the faster the laser ranging device works, which illustrates: the frequency of the laser ranging device is 500Hz, which means that 500 measurement values can be obtained in one second; the higher the frequency of the laser ranging device emission, the less probability of data loss relative to a rapidly moving object under test.
Step S2, obtaining a tower clearance value of the blade 2 at the real-time wind speed according to the second linear distance S 2, the first linear distance S 1 and the calibration included angle alpha;
Specifically, since the laser ranging device can emit a plurality of ranging signals at different angles between each measurement, when the blade 2 of the wind generating set is operated to the position opposite to the tower 1, part of the ranging signals are mapped to the bottom end of the blade motion outline and the other part of the ranging signals are mapped to the bottom end of the blade motion outline to the central position of the tower 1 of the fan, so that the second linear distance S 2 from the laser ranging device 3 to the bottom end of the blade 2 motion outline and the first linear distance S 1 from the bottom end of the blade 2 motion outline to the tower 1 of the ranging device 3 are obtained, and the calibration included angle alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of the laser ranging device to the bottom end and the horizontal plane, and the laser ranging device can follow the bottom end of the blade along with the rotation of the fan blade so as to obtain the calibration included angle alpha; of course, when the fan is normally used in many areas, the possibility of transmitting deformation at the bottom end of the fan blade is small, the deformation at the bottom end of the blade can be ignored, namely, the calibration included angle alpha can be directly the elevation angle of the laser ranging device.
Step S3, setting a first preset duration Tm, obtaining a plurality of groups of corresponding tower clearance values under different wind speeds in the first preset duration Tm, and finally fitting the clearance-wind speed test curve;
specifically, the range of the first preset duration Tm is: 20-40min; the tower-clearance test curve of a fan can be comprehensively and completely obtained within the first preset duration Tm; preferably, the first preset duration Tm is 30min, and if the wind speed condition is met, a complete tower clearance-wind speed test curve of the wind turbine can be obtained after 30 min.
The laser distance measuring device can be used for working of a plurality of fans or all-wind-field fans at the same time because the wind power plant generally selects areas with larger annual average wind speed, has more stable prevailing wind direction and small daily and quaternary changes of wind speed.
Of course, the headroom-wind speed test curve in this embodiment may be obtained by various methods, preferably by calculating the headroom-wind speed curve by a bin interval method, that is, selecting wind speed steps according to the accuracy requirement, calculating wind speed and headroom average value by taking enough data of each wind speed section as a scatter point, and then fitting the complete headroom-wind speed test curve by the scatter point. As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a graph of the clearance-wind speed fit of three blades calculated at a measuring point 3 meters from the blade tip and at a wind speed of 0.5m/s as a step.
S4, analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified or not based on a clearance-wind speed test curve;
here, by setting the first preset duration Tm, within the first preset duration Tm, the tower clearance values of each blade at different wind speeds are fitted to form a clearance-wind speed curve, an accurate basis is provided for the safety of the blade, whether the tower clearance values of each blade are qualified or not is confirmed through the clearance-wind speed test curve, and whether the operation of the blade is safe or not is confirmed.
Referring to fig. 6, analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified based on the clearance-wind speed test curve specifically includes step S41, and analyzing whether the tower clearance values of the blades are all within a first preset value T 1;
if the clearance value of the tower frame of each blade is qualified, the wind power motor group can normally operate.
If not, unqualified blades are required to be inspected, and the main reasons for shutdown inspection can be through the appearance, the inner web, the die joint and other parts of the blades.
Therefore, the tower clearance values of the blades of the wind generating set directly influence the rotation of the whole wind generating set, so that whether the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified or not needs to be confirmed, if the tower clearance value of one blade is not qualified, shutdown checking is needed, and the occurrence of 'tower sweeping' during the operation of the wind generating set is prevented, so that great loss is caused.
Optionally, the range of the first preset value T 1 is 6-18m, and the blades within the first preset value are safer when rotating, if the tower clearance value of a certain blade is smaller than 6m, the tower sweeping is easy to occur; if the tower clearance value of a certain blade is larger than 18m, a plurality of blades of the wind generating set rotate in an unbalanced manner, and the long-time operation position causes a 'tower sweeping', and fatigue load of the set is also easily caused; therefore, the system needs to be stopped immediately for investigation.
For example: as shown in FIG. 7, the clearance value of each blade (the shaft 1, the shaft 2 and the shaft 3 respectively represent three blades) is 8-14m at the wind speed of 4-13.5m/s, and the clearance value reaches the minimum value when the wind speed is about 9.5m/s (namely the full-blown wind speed of the fan), so that the test result meets the requirements.
The full power generation is that the wind generating set performs grid-connected operation with power.
Analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed test curve further comprises the step S42 of analyzing whether the difference value of the tower clearance value between blades is within a second preset value T 2 or not;
If yes, the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified;
if not, each blade needs to be recalibrated to the zero position.
Therefore, the deviation of the tower clearance value among the blades is also required to be within the range of the second preset value T 2, and beyond the preset range, the operation of the whole wind generating set is affected, and the zero position of the blades is required to be recalibrated.
Optionally, the second preset value T 2 is in the range of 0-0.5m, and the blades in the second preset value T 2 are safer to rotate, for example, the difference between the tower clearance values of two blades is greater than the range, so that the rotation of the blades is unbalanced, and the long-term rotation is easy to cause 'tower sweeping'.
For example: as shown in fig. 8, the deviation between the first vane (shaft 1) and the second vane (shaft 2) is about 0.5m, but the deviation between the first vane (shaft 1) and the third vane (shaft three) is about 1m, which means that the distance from the vane tip to the surface of the tower 1 in the rotation process of the impeller is different and does not meet the requirement, so zero calibration is needed.
After confirming that the tower clearance values of the respective blades are acceptable in step S41, there is a possibility that the tower clearance values between the respective blades have an excessively large deviation value, so that step S42 may be continued after the completion of step S41. If there is a possibility that the tower clearance value between the blades is too large, the step S42 is continued, and if the above situation does not occur, the blades continue to operate normally.
Compared with the prior art, the tower clearance monitoring method has the same beneficial effects as the tower clearance monitoring system of the fan, and is not repeated here.
Although the present disclosure is disclosed above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The tower clearance monitoring system of the fan is characterized by comprising a ranging device (3) and a processing device, wherein the ranging device (3) is electrically connected with the processing device, the ranging device (3) is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device (3) is used for projecting ranging signals to the bottom end of the motion outline of a blade (2) of the fan or to the tower (1) of the fan through the bottom end;
the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals;
A connecting line from the ranging device (3) to the bottom end forms a calibration included angle with a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
The processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals and the calibration included angle;
the ranging signal comprises a first linear distance of the ranging device (3) from the bottom end to the tower and a second linear distance of the ranging device (3) from the bottom end;
The processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance, the second linear distance and the calibration included angle;
the processing device is configured to determine tower clearance information of the fan according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clearance value at a calibration time, alpha is the calibration included angle, S 1 is the first linear distance, and S 2 is the second linear distance.
2. The wind turbine tower clearance monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to the tower clearance value at the calibration moment;
And generating a headroom-wind speed curve according to a plurality of groups of corresponding tower headroom values and wind speed values.
3. The wind turbine tower clearance monitoring system of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
and analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve.
4. A tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine according to claim 3, wherein the processing means is further adapted to:
Analyzing whether a plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a first preset value or whether differences among a plurality of groups of corresponding tower empty values are within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
and determining whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on an analysis result.
5. A tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising support means for supporting the distance measuring means (3), the support means comprising a level to determine the calibrated included angle.
6. A tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distance measuring device (3) is a laser distance measuring device.
7. A method for monitoring tower clearance of a fan, comprising:
determining tower clearance information of a fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device (3), wherein the ranging device (3) is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device (3) is used for projecting the ranging signal to the bottom end of the motion outline of a blade (2) of the fan or to a tower (1) of the fan through the bottom end;
a connecting line from the ranging device (3) to the bottom end forms a calibration included angle with the horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
The processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signals and the calibration included angle;
the ranging signal comprises a first linear distance of the ranging device (3) from the bottom end to the tower and a second linear distance of the ranging device (3) from the bottom end;
The processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance, the second linear distance and the calibration included angle;
the processing device is configured to determine tower clearance information of the fan according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clearance value at a calibration time, alpha is the calibration included angle, S 1 is the first linear distance, and S 2 is the second linear distance.
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| CN114704439B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-19 | 东方电气风电股份有限公司 | Wind generating set blade torsional deformation on-line monitoring method |
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