CN113153656A - Tower clearance monitoring system and monitoring method for fan - Google Patents
Tower clearance monitoring system and monitoring method for fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN113153656A CN113153656A CN202110579969.9A CN202110579969A CN113153656A CN 113153656 A CN113153656 A CN 113153656A CN 202110579969 A CN202110579969 A CN 202110579969A CN 113153656 A CN113153656 A CN 113153656A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Abstract
The invention provides a tower clearance monitoring system and a monitoring method of a fan, which relate to the field of wind power generation, wherein the tower monitoring system comprises a distance measuring device and a processing device, the distance measuring device is electrically connected with the processing device, the distance measuring device is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the distance measuring device is used for projecting a distance measuring signal to the bottom end of the motion outline of a blade of the fan or the tower of the fan through the bottom end; and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal. Compared with the prior art, the method can quickly and accurately determine the tower clearance information in the operation of the fan, and provides guarantee for the safety evaluation of the operation of the blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a tower clearance monitoring system and method of a fan.
Background
The wind generating set is a device for converting wind energy into electric energy, and the principle of the wind generating set is that wind power is used for driving windmill blades to rotate, and then the rotating speed is increased through a speed increaser, so that a generator is promoted to generate electricity. The design of blades in a wind generating set directly influences the conversion efficiency of wind energy, and further influences the annual energy production, and is an important ring for wind energy utilization, and particularly, the arrival of the flat time of wind power generation requires that the longer the fan blade is, the better the fan blade is, but the longer the fan blade is, the smaller the rigidity is, the larger the fan blade deformation is when the fan runs, and the larger the influence of wind conditions on the tower clearance value (the tower clearance value refers to the linear distance from the blade tip to the tower wall when the fan blade sweeps the vertical plane of the tower), the larger the impact of the blade and the tower, and the blade and/or the tower are broken.
In the prior art, the tower net empty value of the wind generating set can be detected by a video analysis method, but the method is greatly limited by illumination, the net empty value cannot be directly measured, images need to be identified and processed, the analysis is complex, the precision is difficult to guarantee, and the requirement on the performance of analysis equipment is high.
In addition, a method for installing a distance meter on the outer wall of the tower or the blade tip part of the blade is also provided, the distance meter can directly measure the distance between the blade tip and the tower to obtain a clearance value, but in practical application, the method also faces to the difficulties of installation, maintenance and lead wire leading of the distance meter, and meanwhile, when the fan blade rotates, the distance meter can also influence the unit, so that the finally obtained clearance value is inaccurate and cannot provide a basis for the safety of the operation of the blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves at least one technical problem of difficult precision guarantee, difficult installation and maintenance and the like in the existing method.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine, including a distance measuring device and a processing device, wherein the distance measuring device is electrically connected to the processing device, the distance measuring device is arranged right in front of the wind turbine, and the distance measuring device is used for projecting a distance measuring signal to the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade of the wind turbine or to the tower of the wind turbine through the bottom end; and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal.
Therefore, the distance measuring device is arranged in front of the wind generating set, the difficulty of installation or maintenance and the like is avoided, a plurality of distance measuring signals transmitted by the distance measuring device during each measurement are projected on the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade and the tower frame of the fan through the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade according to the distance measuring signals, the distances between the distance measuring device and the tower frame and between the distance measuring device and the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade are convenient to obtain, therefore, the processing device electrically connected with the distance measuring device can finally calculate the tower frame clear value of the blade according to the distance measuring signals, and whether the blade is safe to operate is confirmed.
Furthermore, a calibration included angle is formed between a connecting line from the distance measuring device to the bottom end and a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal and the calibration included angle.
Therefore, a certain included angle is formed between a connecting line from the distance measuring device to the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade of the fan and the horizontal plane, and the processing device can accurately acquire tower clearance information through the included angle and the distance measuring signal.
Further, the ranging signal comprises a first linear distance from the ranging device to the tower through the bottom end and a second linear distance from the ranging device to the bottom end;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance, the second linear distance and the calibration included angle.
Therefore, the processing device can improve the tower clearance information more accurately through the first straight-line distance, the second straight-line distance and the included angle.
Further, the processing device is configured to determine tower headroom information of the wind turbine according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clear space value at a calibration moment, alpha is the calibration included angle, and S1Is the first linear distance, S2Is the second linear distance.
Therefore, when the blades rotate, the distance between the blade tip and the tower is reduced due to the vibration instability of the wind generating set, the tower clearance values of the multiple groups of blades at different moments can be accurately measured through the clearance values calculated by the formula, and safety guarantee is provided for the operation of the blades.
Further, the processing device is further configured to:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to the tower clearance value at the calibration moment;
and generating a clearance-wind speed curve according to the plurality of groups of corresponding tower clearance values and the wind speed values.
Therefore, the processing device can fit a clearance-wind speed curve finally according to the tower clearance value and the wind speed value corresponding to the clearance value, and an accurate basis is provided for safe operation of the fan.
Further, the processing device is further configured to: and analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve.
Therefore, whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified or not can be confirmed through the clearance-wind speed curve, and whether the operation of the fan blade is safe or not can be further confirmed.
Further, the processing device is further configured to:
analyzing whether the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values are within a first preset value or whether the difference value between the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values is within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
determining whether tower headroom of the wind turbine is qualified based on the analysis result.
Therefore, the tower clearance value of each blade of the wind generating set directly influences the rotation of the whole wind generating set, so that whether the tower clearance value of each blade and the difference value of the tower clearance values among the blades are qualified or not needs to be confirmed.
Further, the system further comprises a supporting device, wherein the supporting device is used for supporting the distance measuring device and comprises a level gauge so as to determine the calibration included angle.
Thus, the support device facilitates maintaining the stability of the distance measuring device.
Further, the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring device.
Therefore, the laser ranging device can work in a poor environment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention also provides a method for monitoring the tower clearance of the fan, which comprises the following steps:
determining tower clearance information of a fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device, wherein the ranging device is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device is used for projecting the ranging signal to the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade of the fan or the tower of the fan through the bottom end.
Therefore, the distance measuring device is arranged in front of the wind generating set, the difficulty of installation or maintenance is avoided, a plurality of distance measuring signals emitted by the distance measuring device at different angles are projected to the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade and the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade to the tower of the fan according to the distance measuring signals, and therefore the tower clearance value of the blade can be finally calculated according to the distance measuring signals, and whether the blade is safe to operate or not can be confirmed.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that the tower headroom monitoring method of the fan has is the same as the tower headroom monitoring system of the fan, and the description is omitted here.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tower clearance monitoring system for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a ranging result of the ranging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the clearance-wind speed test data of each blade at different wind speeds according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a test result of verifying the accuracy of a tripod level under a rangefinder apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a tower clearance monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a tower clearance monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a clearance-wind speed fit graph for each blade at wind speeds of 4-13.5m/s for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a net clearance versus wind speed fit graph for each blade at wind speeds of 8-10.5m/s for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The blades of the wind generating set are usually arranged in front of the tower, and if the blades are arranged in a downwind (rear) position of the tower, the load of a single blade is changed greatly due to a turbulent flow area behind the tower, so that the stress difference of three blades is increased, and the vibration of a fan is more obvious. Although the blades are arranged at the downwind position of the tower, the blades are arranged at the downwind position of the tower only when the blades are too large to meet the requirement of clearance at present.
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of embodiments of the invention, the description of the term "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. Throughout this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same implementation or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "/" indicates an OR meaning unless otherwise specified, for example, A/B may indicate A or B; "and/or" in the text is only an association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a is unique, A and B are simultaneously available, and B is unique.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 in combination, the tower clearance monitoring system of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a distance measuring device 3 and a processing device, wherein the distance measuring device 3 is electrically connected to the processing device, the distance measuring device 3 is configured to be disposed right in front of the wind turbine, and the distance measuring device 3 is configured to project a distance measuring signal to a bottom end of a moving outer contour of a blade 2 of the wind turbine or to a tower 1 of the wind turbine through the bottom end; the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the wind turbine according to the ranging signals.
At present, a wind generating set (called a fan for short) is most commonly provided with three blades, and the fan with the three blades has better dynamic balance, is not easy to generate oscillation, reduces the abrasion of a bearing, and can reduce the maintenance cost. In the present embodiment, a wind turbine with three blades is mainly used for detailed explanation, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be applied to wind turbine generators with other numbers of blades.
Optionally, a calibration included angle is formed between a connecting line from the distance measuring device 3 to the bottom end and a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibration included angle faces the fan;
the processing device is specifically used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal and the calibration included angle.
The distance measuring signal comprises a first linear distance S from the distance measuring device 3 to the tower via the bottom end1And a second linear distance S from the distance measuring device 3 to the bottom2；
The processing means are particularly adapted to determine a first linear distance S1Second linear distance S2And determining tower clearance information of the fan by the calibration included angle alpha.
Specifically, set up range unit 3 in the place ahead of fan, a plurality of range finding signals of 3 transmission during single measurements of range unit, when 3 measurements of range unit, can be with a plurality of range finding signals of different angle transmission between every measurement, part range finding signal to the bottom of the motion outline of blade 2 of fan and another part range finding signal pass through on the pylon 1 of bottom to fan, through range finding signal in order to obtain the range findingA first linear distance S between the device 3 and the tower 11And a second linear distance S between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the moving profile of the blade 2 of the fan2。
Therefore, the distance measuring device 3 is arranged in front of the fan, so that the difficulty of installation or maintenance and the like is avoided, and the distance range between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is 50-200m, so that the measured result data is accurate. If the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is less than 50m, the distance measuring device 3 is too close to the fan, and the operation of the fan is influenced; if the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is greater than 200, the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the fan is too far, which easily causes errors in the measuring result.
Preferably, the distance measuring device 3 is one of an infrared distance measuring device, a laser distance measuring device, and an ultrasonic distance measuring device. Preferably, the distance measuring device 3 is a laser distance measuring device, which generally works well in poor environments, since the focused light will "pass through" the dust. The focused light beam can also realize longer sensing distance, and can detect small objects or targets through a small opening, which is explained in detail below by using the laser ranging device; the laser ranging device is divided into a single-line laser ranging device and a multi-line ranging device, when the laser ranging device is the single-line laser ranging device, because the fan rotates ceaselessly, and the light beam emitted by the laser ranging device is only a single line, a plurality of ranging signals need to be emitted, and the first linear distance S between the ranging device 3 and the tower 1 can be obtained1And a second linear distance S between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the moving profile of the blade 2 of the fan2(ii) a Similarly, when the laser ranging device is a multi-line laser ranging device, the fan rotates continuously, so that the first linear distance S can be accurately acquired1And a second linear distance S2The multiline laser ranging device also needs to transmit multiple ranging signals.
Optionally, a supporting device is arranged below the laser distance measuring device, the supporting device is used for supporting the distance measuring device 3, and the supporting device comprises a level gauge to determine the calibration included angle. Have the spirit level tripod and can ensure that laser rangefinder locks in a position steadily, be convenient for select the angle and can maintain same angle and do long-time work, reduce laser rangefinder's shake range greatly, the data that the messenger obtained is more accurate, it still needs to explain, because this laser rangefinder often is in the condition of different wind speeds, need closely fix this laser rangefinder and tripod from this, and need firmly fix tripod and ground, make it can resist ten grades of strong winds at least, prevent that it from being blown in the strong wind and flying, cause the loss. Specifically, the laser distance measuring device and the tripod and the ground can be fixed by referring to the fixing mode of the camera on the highway, but the laser distance measuring device and the tripod and the ground can be fixed, and the invention is not limited in particular.
It should be noted that the distance measuring device 3 may include one or more laser distance measuring devices, and when the distance measuring device 3 is a laser distance measuring device and the laser distance measuring device measures a single time, the laser distance measuring device needs to transmit a plurality of distance measuring signals at the same angle, and a part of the distance measuring signals reach the bottom end of the moving outer contour of the blade 2 of the fan and another part of the distance measuring signals reach the tower 1 of the fan through the bottom end; when the distance measuring device 3 is a laser distance measuring device and the laser distance measuring device measures a plurality of times, the laser distance measuring device can emit a plurality of distance measuring signals at the same angle or can emit a plurality of distance measuring signals at partially or totally different angles, so-called "single measurement" is a complete whole measuring process.
When ranging device 3 is a plurality of laser ranging device, every laser ranging device setting parameter is the same, and wherein the parameter includes: elevation angle, emission frequency, measurement distance, measurement precision, working temperature and the like; each laser ranging device can respectively pass through the ranging signal to obtain the first linear distance S between the ranging device 3 and the tower 11And a second linear distance S between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the moving profile of the blade 2 of the fan2(ii) a For example, the following steps are carried out: when the distance measuring device 3 is 2 laser distance measuring devices, the first laser distance measuring device obtains the distance between the distance measuring device 3 and the tower 1 through the distance measuring signalFirst linear distance S1The second laser distance measuring device obtains a second linear distance S between the distance measuring device 3 and the bottom end of the motion outer contour of the blade 2 of the fan through the distance measuring signal2Finally, tower headroom information is determined by the processing device.
As shown in fig. 4, before the laser distance measuring device is used, the accuracy of the tripod level needs to be verified, 2 laser distance measuring devices are placed on the tripod, the elevation angle of one laser distance measuring device is adjusted to be 29.86 degrees, and the elevation angle of the other laser distance measuring device is adjusted to be 0 degree. As shown in FIG. 4, the laser ranging height of 29.86 ° is 179m, the laser ranging height of 0 ° is 156m, and 179 × cos29.86 ≈ 156, so that the tripod level can be used normally.
Optionally, the processing device is further specifically configured to determine tower headroom information of the wind turbine according to a first formula, where the first formula includes:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clear space value at a calibration moment, alpha is the calibration included angle, and S1Is the first linear distance, S2Is the second linear distance.
Therefore, when the blades 2 rotate, the distance between the tip parts of the blades 2 and the tower 1 is reduced due to the fact that the fan vibrates to lose stability, the tower clearance value of each blade can be accurately measured through the clearance value calculated through the formula, safety guarantee is provided for operation of each blade, and the data result of different distances between the laser ranging device and the wind generating set corresponding to the clearance values can be shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
It should be noted that table 1 is only an example, and all the distances between 50 and 200m may be used, and it can be seen from table 1 that, when the set distances between the laser ranging device and the wind turbine generator set are different, the final clearance value of the same blade when the wind turbine generator set operates is calculated through the above formula, and it can be seen from the result that the distance between the laser ranging device and the wind turbine generator set is set within the range of 50 to 200m, thereby indicating that all the distances can be effectively measured through the above formula.
The processing device is specifically further configured to:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to a tower clear-air value at a calibration moment;
and generating a clearance-wind speed curve according to the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values and wind speed values.
The risk of the blade 2 of the 'tower sweeping' is evaluated in advance through a clearance-wind speed test curve, and reasonable control action is carried out, so that the blade and the tower are broken due to the fact that the blade and the tower collide with each other.
And analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve so as to confirm whether the fan blade runs safely or not.
Analyzing whether the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values are within a first preset value or whether the difference value between the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values is within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
based on the analysis results, it is determined whether tower headroom is acceptable.
The tower clearance value of each blade of the wind generating set directly influences the rotation of the whole fan, so whether the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified or not needs to be confirmed, if the tower clearance value of one of the blades is unqualified, the wind generating set needs to be shut down for troubleshooting, the wind generating set is prevented from generating 'tower sweeping' during operation, the deviation of the tower clearance values between the blades which causes great loss also needs to be within a second preset value, and if the deviation exceeds the preset range, the operation of the whole fan is influenced, and the zero position of the blades needs to be calibrated again.
In the prior art, the invention only needs to operate at the periphery of the wind generating set, and the distance measuring device 3 is simple to install, convenient to debug and high in operability, and has few interference factors and higher test precision.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described embodiments of the tower clearance monitoring system are merely exemplary, and some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The invention further provides a tower clearance monitoring method of the fan, which comprises the step of determining tower clearance information of the fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device 3, wherein the ranging device 3 is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device 3 is used for projecting the ranging signal to the bottom end of the moving outer contour of the blade 2 of the fan or the tower 1 of the fan through the bottom end.
Referring to fig. 5, a flow of steps of a method for monitoring tower clearance for confirming a wind turbine based on the distance measuring device 3 shown in fig. 1 will be described.
In some specific embodiments, this embodiment is implemented based on the processing device, as shown in fig. 5, step S1, acquiring a real-time wind speed;
by way of example, the invention uses the Solutioncenter software to record data such as time, wind speed, power, frequency and the like of a fan, the recording is a dispatching end grid fault diagnosis system based on fault recording information, the fault recorder is mainly used for a power system, when the system fails, the change conditions of various electrical quantities in the processes before and after the fault can be automatically and accurately recorded, and the important roles are played in analyzing and comparing the electrical quantities, analyzing and processing the fault, judging whether protection acts correctly or not and improving the safe operation level of the power system. Of course, the fault recorder or the recording file stored in the fault recorder is different according to the model of the fan and the manufacturer of the fan, and specifically, the recording can be performed according to the model of the fan and the manufacturer of the fan, and the related data can be acquired.
It should be noted here that, for convenience of data processing, the frequency of the recorded wave needs to be consistent with the frequency emitted by the laser distance measuring device, specifically, the frequency emitted by the laser distance measuring device is greater than or equal to 500Hz, and since the chord length of the blade tip of the blade 2 is small, when the wind turbine generator system operates, the blade 2 rotates faster, so that strict regulations need to be provided for the frequency emitted by the laser distance measuring device, and the higher the frequency emitted by the laser distance measuring device is, the faster the laser distance measuring device operates, for example: the frequency of the laser ranging device is 500Hz, which indicates that 500 measurement values can be obtained in one second; compared with a fast moving measured object, the higher the emitting frequency of the laser ranging device is, the lower the data loss probability is.
Step S2, according to the second straight-line distance S2First linear distance S1Calibrating the included angle alpha to obtain a tower net empty value of the blade 2 at the real-time wind speed;
specifically, because the laser ranging device can emit a plurality of ranging signals at different angles between each measurement, when the blade 2 of the wind generating set rotates to a position relative to the tower 1, part of the ranging signals are mapped to the bottom end of the moving outer contour of the blade and the other part of the ranging signals are mapped to the central position from the bottom end of the moving outer contour of the blade to the tower 1 of the fan, so that the second straight-line distance S from the laser ranging device 3 to the bottom end of the moving outer contour of the blade 2 is obtained2And a first linear distance S from the bottom end of the outer contour of the movement of the blade 2 to the tower 1 of the distance measuring device 31The calibrated included angle alpha is an included angle between a connecting line from the laser ranging device to the bottom end and the horizontal plane, and the laser ranging device can follow the bottom end of the blade along with the rotation of the fan blade so as to obtain the calibrated included angle alpha; certainly, in many areas, when the fan is used normally, the possibility that the bottom end of the fan blade sends deformation is low, and the deformation of the bottom end of the fan blade can also be ignored, that is, the calibration included angle α can be directly the elevation angle of the laser ranging device.
Step S3, setting a first preset time period Tm, obtaining a plurality of groups of corresponding tower clearance values at different wind speeds within the first preset time period Tm, and finally fitting to form a clearance-wind speed test curve;
specifically, the first preset time period Tm ranges from: 20-40 min; the tower-clearance test curve of one fan can be comprehensively and completely obtained within the first preset time Tm; preferably, the first preset time period Tm is 30min, and if the wind speed condition is met, a complete tower headroom-wind speed test curve of one fan can be obtained within 30 min.
It should be noted that, because wind power plants generally select regions with large annual average wind speed, have stable prevailing wind directions, and have small daily and seasonal changes in wind speed, the laser distance measuring device of the present invention can also be used for the operation of multiple fans or all-wind-field fans at the same time.
Of course, the headroom-wind speed test curve in this embodiment can be obtained by various methods, and it is preferable to calculate the headroom-wind speed curve by bin interval method, that is, wind speed steps are selected according to the accuracy requirement, each wind speed segment takes enough data to calculate the wind speed, the headroom mean value is taken as a scatter point, and then the complete headroom-wind speed test curve can be fitted by the scatter point. As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a clearance-wind speed fitting curve diagram of three blades obtained by calculating the measured point at a distance of 3 meters from the blade tip and taking the wind speed of 0.5m/s as a step.
Step S4, analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed test curve;
and fitting the tower clearance values of the blades at different wind speeds within the first preset time period Tm to form a clearance-wind speed curve by setting the first preset time period Tm, providing an accurate basis for the safety of the blades, confirming whether the tower clearance values of the blades are qualified or not through the clearance-wind speed test curve, and confirming whether the operation of the blades is safe or not.
Referring to fig. 6, analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the wind turbine is qualified based on the clearance-wind speed test curve specifically includes step S41, analyzing whether the tower clearance value of each blade is in a first preset valueT1Internal;
if so, the tower net empty value of each blade is qualified, and the wind power generator set can be normally operated.
Otherwise, the unqualified blades need to be inspected, and the main reasons for the shutdown inspection can be the appearance of the blades, the internal web plate, the die closing seam and the like.
Therefore, the tower clearance value of each blade of the wind generating set directly influences the rotation of the whole wind generating set, so that whether the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified or not needs to be confirmed, if the tower clearance value of one of the blades is unqualified, the wind generating set needs to be shut down for inspection, and the wind generating set is prevented from generating tower sweeping during operation, so that great loss is caused.
Optionally, the first preset value T1The range of (2) is 6-18m, blades within the first preset value are safe when rotating, and if the tower clearance value of a certain blade is less than 6m, tower sweeping is easy to occur; if the tower clearance value of a certain blade is larger than 18m, a plurality of blades of the wind generating set are unbalanced in rotation, and fatigue load of the wind generating set is easily caused besides tower sweeping at a long-time running position; therefore, the system needs to be stopped and checked immediately.
For example: as shown in FIG. 7, at wind speeds of 4-13.5m/s, the clearance values of the blades (shaft 1, shaft 2 and shaft 3 represent three blades respectively) are all 8-14m, and at a wind speed of about 9.5m/s (i.e. the full wind speed of the fan), the clearance values reach the minimum value, so that the requirement is met, and the test result is qualified.
It should be noted that full generation is that the wind turbine generator system is operated at full power grid connection.
Analyzing whether the tower clearance value of the wind turbine is qualified based on the clearance-wind speed test curve further includes step S42, analyzing whether the difference value of the tower clearance values between the blades is at a second preset value T2Internal;
if yes, the tower clearance value of each blade is qualified;
and if not, recalibrating the zero position of each blade.
Thus, the deviation of the tower clearance values between the blades also needs to be at the second preset value T2In the range ofIf the preset range is exceeded, the operation of the whole wind generating set is affected, and the zero position of the blade needs to be calibrated again.
Optionally, a second preset value T2In the range of 0-0.5m at the second preset value T2The inner blades are safe to rotate, and if the difference value of the tower clearance values of some two blades is larger than the range, the blades rotate unevenly when rotating, and long-term rotation easily causes 'tower sweeping'.
For example: as shown in fig. 8, the deviation between the first blade (shaft 1) and the second blade (shaft 2) is about 0.5m, but the deviation between the first blade (shaft 1) and the third blade (shaft three) is about 1m, which indicates that the distance from the blade tip to the surface of the tower 1 is deviated during the rotation of the impeller, and is not satisfactory, so that zero calibration is required.
It should be noted that, after the tower clearance values of the blades are confirmed to be qualified in step S41, since there is a possibility that the deviation value of the tower clearance values between the blades is too large, after the step S41 is completed, the step S42 may be continuously executed. If the deviation value of the tower clearance between the blades may be too large, the step S42 may be continuously executed, and if the deviation value is not large, the blades may be continuously operated normally.
Compared with the prior art, the tower clearance monitoring method has the advantages that the tower clearance monitoring system of the fan is the same, and the details are not repeated.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A tower clearance monitoring system of a fan is characterized by comprising a distance measuring device (3) and a processing device, wherein the distance measuring device (3) is electrically connected with the processing device, the distance measuring device (3) is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the distance measuring device (3) is used for projecting a distance measuring signal to the bottom end of the motion outline of a blade (2) of the fan or the tower (1) of the fan through the bottom end;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal.
2. The tower headroom monitoring system of a wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a line connecting the distance measuring device (3) to the bottom end forms a calibrated angle with a horizontal plane, and the opening direction of the calibrated angle is towards the wind turbine;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the ranging signal and the calibration included angle.
3. The wind turbine tower clearance monitoring system of claim 2, wherein the ranging signal comprises a first linear distance from the ranging device (3) to the tower via the bottom end and a second linear distance from the ranging device (3) to the bottom end;
and the processing device is used for determining tower clearance information of the fan according to the first linear distance, the second linear distance and the calibration included angle.
4. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system of claim 3, wherein the processing device is configured to determine tower headroom information for the wind turbine according to a first formula comprising:
t＝S×cosα，
S＝S1-S2；
wherein t is a tower clear space value at a calibration moment, alpha is the calibration included angle, and S1Is the first linear distance, S2Is the second linear distance.
5. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
acquiring a wind speed value corresponding to the tower clearance value at the calibration moment;
and generating a clearance-wind speed curve according to the plurality of groups of corresponding tower clearance values and the wind speed values.
6. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
and analyzing whether the tower clearance of the fan is qualified or not based on the clearance-wind speed curve.
7. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
analyzing whether the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values are within a first preset value or whether the difference value between the multiple groups of corresponding tower clearance values is within a second preset value according to the clearance-wind speed curve;
determining whether tower headroom of the wind turbine is qualified based on the analysis result.
8. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system of any of claims 2-7, further comprising a support device for supporting the distance measuring device (3), the support device comprising a level to determine the nominal included angle.
9. The wind turbine tower headroom monitoring system according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the distance measuring device (3) is a laser distance measuring device.
10. A method for monitoring tower clearance of a wind turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining tower clearance information of the fan according to a ranging signal from a ranging device (3), wherein the ranging device (3) is used for being arranged right in front of the fan, and the ranging device (3) is used for projecting the ranging signal to the bottom end of the motion outline of the blade (2) of the fan or the tower (1) of the fan through the bottom end.
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