CN113153449A - Cogeneration system based on high-low temperature heat storage medium - Google Patents
Cogeneration system based on high-low temperature heat storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/028—Steam generation using heat accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined heat and power generation system based on a high-low temperature heat storage medium, which comprises a low-temperature heat storage device and a high-temperature heat storage device, wherein a compressor system is arranged between the low-temperature heat storage device and the high-temperature heat storage device; the low-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and a low-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, the high-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and a high-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, and the compressor system is usedCompressing the low-temperature saturated steam output by the low-temperature pool and inputting the compressed low-temperature saturated steam into the high-temperature pool; the compressor system and the thermal power generation device are both communicated with a power grid and used for getting or transmitting power to the power grid; the system of the invention is an efficient energy storage peak shaving device, can simultaneously store electricity and heat and supply power and heat, theoretically fully reduce the irreversible loss in the energy storage and energy utilization process, greatly improve the energy utilization efficiency and
efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy storage and energy production system connected with a power grid, in particular to a combined heat and power generation system based on a high-low temperature heat storage medium.
Background
Because of the importance of the international society on energy, climate and environment, the Chinese government has promised that the emission of carbon dioxide of unit GDP is reduced by 60-65% compared with 2005 by 2030. Under the background, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photoelectricity are developed on a larger scale in the future. However, renewable energy power generation such as wind power generation and photoelectric generation has volatility, and the phenomena of wind abandonment and light abandonment are increased seriously due to large-scale development of new energy power generation, so that energy waste is caused, difficulty is brought to peak regulation of a power grid, a power storage technology is needed to store new energy supersaturation power generation, peak clipping and valley filling of the power grid are realized, and energy waste caused by wind abandonment and light abandonment is reduced. Industrial parks, as consumers with large electric heat consumption of a large number of coal-fired steam-supply generator sets, need to bear the responsibility of improving the energy supply ratio of new energy and reducing carbon emission. The industrial park stores electricity in a large scale when the new energy is supersaturated in power generation, and adopts the stored new energy to supply energy when the energy load is high, so that the method is an effective means for reducing carbon emission. However, the construction of common power storage methods such as pumped storage engineering is strictly limited by geographical conditions, and site resources are remote. The storage battery has limited charging and discharging power, long charging time and high maintenance cost. High-temperature molten salt electric storage is large in power generation process
Losses and low temperature heat source waste. To simultaneously satisfy the electricity utilization heat and reduce the carbon emission of the industrial parkThe requirement of (2) for the industrial park develops a high-efficiency energy storage power generation system, and has important significance for replacing the traditional coal-fired power generation and heat supply unit.
In addition, the large-scale development of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photoelectricity can cause the shutdown of a large number of traditional thermal power generating units in the future, and the waste of equipment investment is caused. If a method can be provided for utilizing the equipment, a power plant is transformed into a storage power plant in an energy system taking new energy as a main factor in the future, the waste is greatly reduced, and the large-scale development of new energy power generation is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable an industrial park to more consume new energy such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like for power generation in an electricity storage mode, the problems of light abandonment and wind abandonment are solved, the carbon reduction target is realized, and meanwhile, the method participates in peak shaving of a power grid and realizes peak clipping and valley filling. The invention provides a combined heat and power generation system based on a high-low temperature heat storage medium. The system overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional energy storage mode,
the high-efficiency flexible arrangement can be distributed in places needing electric energy and heat energy, and electric energy and steam can be flexibly provided for industrial parks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the combined heat and power generation system based on the high-low temperature heat storage medium comprises a low-temperature heat storage device and a high-temperature heat storage device, wherein a compressor system is arranged between the low-temperature heat storage device and the high-temperature heat storage device, and the system further comprises a heat power generation device and a heat consumer; the low-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and a low-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, the high-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and a high-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, and the compressor system is used for compressing low-temperature saturated steam output by the low-temperature pool and inputting the compressed low-temperature saturated steam into the high-temperature pool; the compressor system and the thermal power generation device are both communicated with a power grid and used for getting or transmitting power to the power grid; the low-temperature pool is communicated with a low-temperature heat source through a pipeline, and working media and heat are supplemented to the low-temperature pool by the low-temperature heat source;
valves v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 and v6 are sequentially arranged between the low-temperature pool and the compressor system, the compressor system and the high-temperature pool, the high-temperature pool and the thermal power generation device, the high-temperature pool and the thermal user, the thermal power generation device and the low-temperature pool, and the low-temperature pool and the low-temperature heat source, and different working processes are realized by controlling the on-off of each valve.
The low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank is filled with a low-temperature heat storage medium, such as magnesium chloride hexahydrate, paraffin, fatty acid and the like. The low-temperature pool is internally provided with a saturated working medium with vapor and liquid coexisting, and the working medium is usually water and can also be other working media such as lithium bromide solution and the like. The low-temperature pool and the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank are communicated through a working medium pipeline, a heat exchanger is arranged in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, a working medium can flow to the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank through the working medium pipeline in the low-temperature pool, and the working medium returns to the low-temperature pool after the heat release or heat absorption process with the low-temperature heat storage medium is completed through the heat exchanger in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank.
The compressor system is connected with the low-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, the compressor system gets electricity from a power grid, consumes electric energy, extracts working medium steam from the low-temperature pool, compresses the working medium steam into high-temperature high-pressure high-parameter steam, and conveys the high-parameter steam to the high-temperature pool through a medium pipeline.
The high-temperature pool is communicated with the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank through a working medium pipeline. The high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank is filled with a high-temperature heat storage medium, such as LiNO3, a high polymer resin material and the like. The high-temperature pool is internally provided with a saturated working medium with coexisting vapor and liquid. The high-temperature pool and the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank are communicated through a working medium pipeline, a heat exchanger is arranged in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, a working medium can flow to the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank through the pipeline in the high-temperature pool, and the working medium returns to the high-temperature pool after the heat release or heat absorption process with the high-temperature heat storage medium is completed through the heat exchanger in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank.
The high-temperature pool is connected with a thermal power generation device (usually a steam turbine) and a thermal user through a working medium pipeline, and high-parameter steam in the high-temperature pool enters the steam turbine to do work or is conveyed to the thermal user.
The steam turbine and the low-temperature pool are connected through a working medium pipeline, the discharged steam of the steam turbine enters the low-temperature pool and then releases heat to the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the discharged steam is condensed into liquid working medium again, and the heat released by the condensation of the exhausted steam is stored in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank.
And a low-temperature heat source is arranged outside the low-temperature pool and is connected with the low-temperature pool through a working medium pipeline, and working medium and heat are supplemented to the low-temperature pool from the low-temperature heat source. The low temperature heat source may be geothermal heat, industrial waste steam, etc.
The low temperature and the high temperature in the scheme of the invention are relative, and are not limited to specific temperatures. The low-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium are both phase-change materials, the melting point of the high-temperature heat storage medium is higher than that of the low-temperature heat storage medium, and the melting points of the materials are selected according to actual application;
the work of the cogeneration system based on the high-low temperature heat storage medium can comprise two processes. The first is a power consumption heat storage process, when energy storage is needed, valves v1 and v2 are opened, a compressor system is started, the compressor system is driven to work by electric power, the compressor system extracts working medium steam from a low-temperature pool to reduce the pressure of the low-temperature pool, so that the saturation temperature of the working medium in the low-temperature pool is reduced, saturated liquid working mediums with parameters of T0 (temperature), P0 (pressure) and H0 (enthalpy) in the low-temperature pool are evaporated under the combined action of absorbing heat storage amount in a low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and a low-temperature heat source, the generated working medium steam with parameters of T1, P1 and H1 is compressed to the high-temperature pool by the electrically driven compressor system and is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure working medium steam with parameters of T2, P2 and H2, in the high-temperature pool, the temperature of the high-parameter working medium steam is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-temperature heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage tank, and the energy is absorbed by the high-temperature heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage tank, storing the high-parameter steam in a high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, condensing the high-parameter steam into a liquid saturated working medium, storing the liquid saturated working medium in a high-temperature pool, and closing valves v1 and v2 after the power consumption and heat storage processes are finished; secondly, in the power generation and heat supply process, when the outside needs heat energy and electric power, the valves v3, v4 and v5 are opened, the pressure of the high-temperature pool is reduced to reduce the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool, the working medium absorbs the heat stored in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and evaporates into high-temperature high-pressure saturated working medium steam with parameters of T3, P3 and H3, the working medium steam drives a steam turbine to generate power or supplies high-parameter steam to the outside, the steam turbine generates exhaust steam with parameters of T4, P4 and H4 and discharges the exhaust steam into the low-temperature pool, the pressure of the low-temperature pool rises, when the temperature of the exhaust steam is higher than the heat storage temperature of the heat storage medium in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the exhaust steam releases heat to the heat storage medium through the heat exchanger in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank to store energy in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, and the dead steam is changed into a saturated liquid working medium again and stored in the low-temperature pool, and the valves v3, v4 and v5 are closed after the power generation and heat supply process is finished. Due to the reasons that the working medium cannot be recovered when heat is supplied to the outside, the waste steam energy in the low-temperature pool is not recovered enough, and the like, the working medium and the energy in the low-temperature pool and the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank can be reduced in the running process, and in order to maintain the balance of the substances and the energy in the low-temperature pool and the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the working medium and the heat are required to be supplemented to the low-temperature pool from a low-temperature heat source. The two processes can be carried out separately or simultaneously according to actual conditions. The energy products output externally can be supplied by heat and power, and can also be supplied by pure heat.
When the system operates according to the electricity and heat storage process and the pure power generation process, under the conditions that the mass of a power generation working medium is m1 tons and the total efficiency of a generator and a transmission system is eta 3, the power supply efficiency is calculated by the following formula:
wherein W1 (unit: kW.h) is generated energy, and W2 (unit: kW.h) is power consumption of the compressor system unit.
The calculation of W1 is as follows:
W1＝(H3-H4)*m1*η3/3.6
the calculation of W2 is as follows:
W2＝(H2-H1)*m1/3.6
the system operates according to the power consumption heat storage process and the pure heat supply process, and the coefficient of the heat pump is calculated by the following formula under the condition that the mass of the heat supply working medium is m2 tons:
wherein Q is the heat supply, and W2 is the power consumption of compressor system unit.
Q is calculated as follows:
Q＝(H3-H0)*m2/3.6
the calculation of W2 is as follows:
W2＝(H2-H1)*m2/3.6
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: firstly, the heat and power cogeneration system based on the high and low temperature heat storage medium is a high and low temperature heat storage medium
The efficient energy storage system has no large temperature difference heat exchange in the working medium circulation process, and the irreversible loss is small. Secondly, when the system is in pure heat supply operation, the heat pump effect is generated by using low-price electric energy, and the high-quality performance of electricity is fully exerted. And thirdly, the flexible conversion between the external power supply and the heat supply can flexibly adapt to the actual requirements of the industrial park, and the larger new energy power generation and consumption can be realized for the industrial park, so that the carbon emission is reduced. Fourthly, the system has long service life and mature key technology, and the utilized thermodynamic device and technology have mature application experience. Fifthly, the system is suitable for the equipment with small scale and can be applied to different occasions. Sixthly, a great deal of key composition equipment of the system is overlapped with the traditional thermal power plant, the thermal power plant can be transformed into a power storage plant according to the system by utilizing the original site and equipment of the thermal power plant, and a way is provided for the thermal power plant in an energy system taking new energy as a leading part in the future.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined heat and power generation system based on a high-low temperature heat storage medium according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a pressure-entropy diagram of the working medium when the cogeneration system based on the high and low temperature heat storage medium operates according to the invention. Horizontal lines L1 and L2 in the drawing are the phase-change temperature line of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material and the phase-change temperature line of the high-temperature phase-change heat storage material, respectively.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in the power consumption heat storage-pure power generation mode, water is selected as a working medium, the mass m is 1000t, the phase change temperature of the low-temperature heat storage material is 110 ℃, and the phase change temperature of the high-temperature heat storage material is 210 ℃. When the electricity is consumed and the heat is stored, the operation is as shown in fig. 1. And opening valves v1 and v2, opening the compressor system 3, reducing the pressure of the low-temperature pool 2 to reduce the saturation temperature of the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2, and evaporating the heat of the phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 absorbed by the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2 into saturated steam, namely from 12 to 2 points in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The saturated steam in the low-temperature pool 2 is compressed by the compressor system 3 to become high-temperature high-pressure high-parameter steam, namely from 2 points to 3 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The high-parameter steam enters the high-temperature pool 5, then the heat of the high-parameter steam is absorbed by the phase-change material in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 4, and the steam is condensed into saturated water in the high-temperature pool 5 after releasing heat, namely from a point 3 to a point 41 in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. In the process, electricity is taken from the power grid 8 through the air compressor system 3, and the electricity in the power grid 8 is stored in the heat storage tank 4, so that the electricity storage process is completed.
When heat and power are released and supplied, the valves v3 and v5 are opened to start the steam turbine 6, the pressure of the high-temperature pool 5 is reduced, the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool is reduced, the working medium absorbs the heat in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 4 and evaporates to become saturated steam, namely, the point 42 to the point 5 in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The saturated steam enters the turbine 6 to do work to generate electricity and becomes wet steam at the outlet of the turbine 6, namely from 5 to 6 points in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The steam discharged by the steam turbine 6 enters the low-temperature pool, the phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 releases heat and then condenses into low-temperature saturated liquid, and the heat released by the wet steam in the process is absorbed by the low-temperature heat storage material and stored in the low-temperature phase change material, namely from 6 to 11 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. One cycle is completed.
During the circulation process, the heat recovered from the exhaust steam in the expansion heat release power supply of the low-temperature pool 2 and the heat released by the heating working medium in the compression heat storage operation can be unbalanced. If the heat recovered from the exhaust steam in the expansion heat release power supply of the low-temperature pool is less than the heat released by the heating working medium in the compression heat storage operation, the valve v6 needs to be opened to supplement the heat in the low-temperature pool from the low-temperature heat source 9, so that the cycle can be maintained.
The comprehensive efficiency eta 1 of a system of the air compressor is 0.86, the relative internal efficiency eta 2 of the steam turbine is 0.86, the comprehensive efficiency eta 3 of the generator and the transmission device is 0.98, when the compression heat storage is operated, the parameters of water in the low-temperature pool are T0 which is 105 ℃, P0 which is 0.1209MP, H0 which is 440.2111KJ/Kg, the parameters of steam at the outlet of the low-temperature pool are T1 which is 106 ℃, P1 which is 0.1209MP, and H1 which is 2683.4 KJ/Kg. The adiabatic parameters of the outlet of the compressor system are T21-461.262 ℃, P21-2.1068 MP, H21-3381.451 KJ/Kg, the adiabatic work w 21-H21-H1-698.058 KJ/Kg of each kilogram of steam compressor system, and the actual work w 2-w 21/eta 1-811.696 KJ/Kg of each kilogram of steam compressor system; the actual outlet parameters of the compressor system are T2-512.724, P2-2.106 MP, H2-H1 + w 2-3495.088 KJ/Kg. When the expansion heat release power supply operation is carried out, the parameters of the steam at the outlet of the high-temperature pool are T3-206 ℃, P3-1.7243 MP and H3-2794.8 KJ/Kg. The steam turbine exhaust steam heat insulation parameter T41 is 115.000 ℃, P41 is 0.169MP, the dryness X41 is 0.862, and H41 is 2392.036 KJ/Kg. The isentropic work w41 of the turbine is H3-H41 is 402.7987KJ/Kg, and the actual work w4 is w41 is eta 2 is 342.943 KJ/Kg. The actual parameters of the turbine exhaust are T4 ═ 115.000 ℃, P4 ═ 0.169MP, H4 ═ H3-w4 ═ 2451.959KJ/Kg, and dryness X4 ═ 0.889.
The system has a power supply efficiency of
Wherein W1 is the generated energy, and W2 is the power consumption of the compressor system unit.
The calculation of W1 is as follows:
W1＝(H3-H41)*η2*η3*m/3.6
calculated W1 is 95261.89974 kW.h
The calculation of W2 is as follows:
W2＝(H21-H1)/η1*m/3.6
calculated W2 is 225471.012 kW.h
The power supply efficiency of the electricity storage and heat storage device based on the circulation of the high-low temperature heat storage medium when the electricity storage and heat storage device operates in the compression heat storage-expansion heat release power generation mode is calculated to be 42.25%.
Example 2:
in the power consumption heat storage-pure heat supply mode, water is selected as the working medium, the mass m is 1000t, the phase change temperature of the low-temperature heat storage material is 110 ℃, and the phase change temperature of the high-temperature heat storage material is 210 ℃. When the electricity is consumed and the heat is stored, the operation is as shown in fig. 1. And opening valves v1 and v2, opening the compressor system 3, reducing the pressure of the low-temperature pool 2 to reduce the saturation temperature of the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2, and evaporating the heat of the phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 absorbed by the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2 into saturated steam, namely from 12 to 2 points in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The saturated steam in the low-temperature pool 2 is compressed by the compressor system 3 to become high-temperature high-pressure high-parameter steam, namely from 2 points to 3 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The high-parameter steam enters the high-temperature pool 5, then the heat of the high-parameter steam is absorbed by the phase-change material in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 4, and the steam is condensed into saturated water in the high-temperature pool 5 after releasing heat, namely from a point 3 to a point 41 in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. In the process, electricity is taken from the power grid 8 through the air compressor system 3, and the electricity in the power grid 8 is stored in the heat storage tank 4, so that the electricity storage process is completed. The pressure-entropy diagram of this process is shown in fig. 2.
When heat is supplied to the outside, the outlet valve v4 of the high-temperature pool is opened, the pressure of the high-temperature pool is reduced, the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool is reduced, and the working medium absorbs the heat in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and evaporates to become saturated steam, namely from 42 to 5 points in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The saturated steam is delivered to the heat consumer 7 through the working medium pipeline and is utilized by the heat consumer. In order to ensure the normal operation of the low-temperature pool, when the working mode outputs hot water to the outside, working media with the same parameters must be supplemented to the low-temperature pool 2 to make up for the mass and energy loss in the output working media, namely, the valve v6 is opened to supplement energy and working media to the low-temperature pool 2 from the low-temperature heat source 9. Unlike typical electrical heating, the output steam increases pressure, i.e., heat pump effect.
The steam supplied to the heat consumer 7 cannot be recovered to the low-temperature pool 2, and the valve v6 needs to be opened to supplement working medium and heat to the low-temperature pool 2 from the low-temperature heat source 9.
And when the system comprehensive efficiency eta 1 of the compressor system is 0.86, when the compressor system is in compression heat storage operation, the parameters of water in the low-temperature pool are T0-105 ℃, P0-0.1209 MP, H0-440.2111 KJ/Kg, the parameters of steam at the outlet of the low-temperature pool are T1-106 ℃, P1-0.1209 MP, and H1-2683.4 KJ/Kg. The adiabatic parameters of the outlet of the compressor system are T21-461.262 ℃, P21-2.1068 MP, H21-3381.451 KJ/Kg, the adiabatic work w 21-H21-H1-698.058 KJ/Kg of each kilogram of steam compressor system, and the actual work w 2-w 21/eta 1-811.696 KJ/Kg of each kilogram of steam compressor system; the actual outlet parameters of the compressor system are T2-512.724, P2-2.106 MP, H2-H1 + w 2-3495.088 KJ/Kg. When the expansion heat release power supply operation is carried out, the parameters of the high-temperature pool outlet to the external steam supply are as follows: t3 ═ 206 ℃, P3 ═ 1.7243MP, H3 ═ 2794.8 KJ/Kg.
The heat pump coefficient is:
calculating to obtain the coefficient E of heat pump as 2.901
Example 3:
in the power consumption heat storage-cogeneration mode, water is selected as a working medium, the mass m is 1000t, the phase change temperature of the low-temperature heat storage material is 110 ℃, and the phase change temperature of the high-temperature heat storage material is 210 ℃. When the electricity is consumed and the heat is stored, the operation is as shown in fig. 1. And opening valves v1 and v2, opening the compressor system 3, reducing the pressure of the low-temperature pool 2 to reduce the saturation temperature of the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2, and evaporating the heat of the phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 absorbed by the working medium in the low-temperature pool 2 into saturated steam, namely from 12 to 2 points in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The saturated steam in the low-temperature pool 2 is compressed by the compressor system 3 to become high-temperature high-pressure high-parameter steam, namely from 2 points to 3 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The high-parameter steam enters the high-temperature pool 5, then the heat of the high-parameter steam is absorbed by the phase-change material in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 4, and the steam is condensed into saturated water in the high-temperature pool 5 after releasing heat, namely from a point 3 to a point 41 in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. In the process, electricity is taken from the power grid 8 through the air compressor system 3, and the electricity in the power grid 8 is stored in the heat storage tank 4, so that the electricity storage process is completed.
During cogeneration, the valve v5 is opened, the high-temperature pool outlet valves v4 and v3 are respectively set to reasonable opening degrees according to the requirements of power supply and heat supply, the pressure of the high-temperature pool 5 is reduced, the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool is reduced, and the working medium absorbs the heat in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 4 and evaporates to become saturated steam, namely from 42 to 5 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. And the steam flow coming out of the high-temperature pool is divided into two paths, and the two paths are respectively sent to a steam turbine for power generation and a heat user for heat supply, so that the cogeneration is realized.
The saturated steam passing through the valve v3 enters the turbine 6 to do work to generate electricity, and becomes wet steam at the outlet of the turbine 6, namely from point 5 to point 6 in the pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2. The steam discharged by the steam turbine 6 enters the low-temperature pool, the phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 releases heat and then condenses into low-temperature saturated liquid, and the heat released by the wet steam in the process is absorbed by the low-temperature heat storage material and stored in the low-temperature phase change material, namely from 6 to 11 points in a pressure-entropy diagram of fig. 2.
The saturated steam passing through the valve v4 is delivered to the heat consumer 7 through a working medium pipeline and is utilized by the heat consumer.
Due to the reasons that the working medium cannot be recovered when heat is supplied to the outside, the waste steam energy in the low-temperature pool 2 is not recovered enough, and the like, the working medium and the energy in the low-temperature pool 2 and the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1 can be reduced in the running process, and in order to maintain the balance of the substances and the energy in the low-temperature pool 2 and the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 1, the working medium and the heat are required to be supplemented to the low-temperature pool 2 from the low-temperature heat source 9.
Claims (7)
1. A combined heat and power generation system based on high and low temperature heat storage media is characterized in that: the system comprises a low-temperature heat storage device and a high-temperature heat storage device, wherein a compressor system is arranged between the low-temperature heat storage device and the high-temperature heat storage device, and the system also comprises a thermal power generation device and a thermal user; the low-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank (1) and a low-temperature pool (2) through a working medium pipeline, the high-temperature heat storage device is formed by connecting a high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank (4) and a high-temperature pool (5) through a working medium pipeline, and the compressor system (3) is used for compressing low-temperature saturated steam output by the low-temperature pool and inputting the low-temperature saturated steam into the high-temperature pool; the compressor system (3) and the thermal power generation device are both communicated with the power grid (8) and are used for taking or transmitting power to the power grid (8); the low-temperature pool (2) is communicated with a low-temperature heat source (9) through a pipeline, and working media and heat are supplemented to the low-temperature pool (2) by the low-temperature heat source;
valves v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 and v6 are sequentially arranged between the low-temperature pool and the compressor system, the compressor system and the high-temperature pool, the high-temperature pool and the thermal power generation device (6), the high-temperature pool and the thermal user (7), the thermal power generation device and the low-temperature pool, and the low-temperature pool and the low-temperature heat source, and different working processes are realized by controlling the on-off of each valve.
2. A combined heat and power generation system based on a high and low temperature heat storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank (1) is internally provided with a heat exchanger and a low-temperature heat storage medium, the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank (4) is internally provided with a heat exchanger and a high-temperature heat storage medium, the low-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium are both phase-change materials, the melting point of the high-temperature heat storage medium is higher than that of the low-temperature heat storage medium, and the melting point of the materials is selected according to practical application; saturated working media with vapor and liquid phases are arranged in the low-temperature pool (2) and the high-temperature pool (5); working medium in the low-temperature pool flows to the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, and returns to the low-temperature pool after completing the heat release or absorption process with the low-temperature heat storage medium through the heat exchanger; the working medium in the high-temperature pool flows to the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, and returns to the high-temperature pool after the heat exchange is completed and the heat release or absorption process with the high-temperature heat storage medium is completed.
3. A cogeneration system based on high and low temperature heat storage media according to claim 1, wherein said thermal power generation means (6) is a steam turbine.
4. The cogeneration system according to claim 3, wherein said system can store electricity and heat and supply heat simultaneously, including electricity-consuming heat storage process and electricity-generating heat supply process, and said electricity-generating heat supply process includes pure electricity generation mode, pure heat supply mode, and cogeneration mode.
5. A combined heat and power generation system based on high and low temperature heat storage media according to claim 3, characterized in that valves v1, v2 are opened, and compressor system is opened; the compressor system gets electricity to the power grid, working medium steam is extracted from the low-temperature pool, so that the saturation temperature of the working medium in the low-temperature pool is reduced, the saturated liquid working medium in the low-temperature pool absorbs the heat storage amount of the low-temperature heat storage tank and evaporates under the combined action of a low-temperature heat source to generate steam, the steam is compressed to the high-temperature pool through the compressor system, and is absorbed by the high-temperature heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and condensed into the liquid saturated working medium, so that the electric energy in the power grid is stored in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, and the power consumption and heat storage processes are realized.
6. A combined heat and power generation system based on high and low temperature heat storage media according to claim 3, characterized in that valves v3, v5 are opened, the steam turbine is started, and valve v6 is opened; the pressure of the high-temperature pool is reduced, the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool is reduced, the working medium absorbs heat in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and evaporates to become saturated steam, the saturated steam enters the steam turbine (6) to do work for power generation, the steam turbine exhaust steam enters the low-temperature pool to release heat to the low-temperature heat storage medium in the low-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and then condenses to become low-temperature saturated liquid, the heat released by the steam turbine exhaust steam in the process is absorbed by the low-temperature heat storage medium and stored, and the pure power generation mode of the power generation and heat supply process is realized.
7. A combined heat and power generation system based on high and low temperature heat storage media according to claim 3, characterized in that, the valve v4 is opened, and the valve v6 is opened; the pressure of the high-temperature pool is reduced, the saturation temperature of the working medium in the high-temperature pool is reduced, the working medium absorbs the heat in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank and evaporates to become saturated steam which is delivered to a heat user (7) and is utilized by the heat user, and a pure heat supply mode in the power generation and heat supply process is realized.
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| CN115789743B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-04-09 | 清华大学 | Flexible cogeneration system and operation method thereof |
| CN116247828B (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-07-21 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Energy storage system based on Carnot battery and geothermal energy |
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