CN113148092B - Overall arrangement structure of reactor cabin of water surface nuclear power ship - Google Patents
Overall arrangement structure of reactor cabin of water surface nuclear power ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN113148092B CN113148092B CN202011504997.6A CN202011504997A CN113148092B CN 113148092 B CN113148092 B CN 113148092B CN 202011504997 A CN202011504997 A CN 202011504997A CN 113148092 B CN113148092 B CN 113148092B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/18—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by nuclear energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
- B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
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Abstract
The invention relates to a general arrangement structure of reactor cabins of a water surface nuclear power ship, which comprises a reactor cabin, wherein the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship. The reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin, a spent fuel storage cabin, a containment cabin, a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin, wherein the five cabins are arranged on a ship bilge empty cabin and in two broadside empty cabins. The structure of the invention arranges the reactor cabin in the middle part of the ship, namely the middle part bears the heaviest load, can ensure that the weight center of the ship is on the central axis, can realize the stable floating state of the ship, does not incline (pitch and heel), reduces the requirement on the ballast of the ship, and does not cause the great increase of the weight of the unbalanced tail arrangement of extra ballast water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water surface nuclear power ships, in particular to an overall arrangement structure of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship.
Background
In order to accelerate the development of ocean resources, protect the ocean environment and improve the efficiency, the design and construction of the water surface nuclear power ship are increasingly and more advanced. The reactor cabin in the water surface nuclear power ship bears dual safety factors such as nuclear safety, ship safety and the like, and is also a key place for determining various specific target functions of the ship. The design of the ship is related to the overall main scale of the ship and the overall tonnage of the ship, and the influence on the overall performance of the ship is huge.
The reactor cabins of the foreign nuclear power ships are arranged at the head part or the tail part of the ship, and the main design idea is that the limited interfaces of the nuclear power plant area and other non-nuclear parts are as few as possible, so that the diffusion of reactor cabin shielding facilities and radiation risks is reduced. However, there are a series of disadvantages to this arrangement, as follows:
firstly, the weight balance of the whole ship is difficult, and the volume of a ballast water cabin needs to be increased to balance the head-tail inclination of the ship, so that the total tonnage of the ship and the equipment parameters of a pump for adjusting the ballast balance are increased, and the construction and equipment cost is increased;
secondly, the structural safety of the ship is not facilitated, the reactor cabin equipment is heavy, more than 800 tons to thousands of tons, when the reactor cabin equipment is arranged at the tail of the ship, the total longitudinal bearing tension of the ship keel is large in bending moment and bending stress, the total longitudinal strength requirement on the ship keel is extremely high, the total longitudinal structure of the ship needs to be reinforced and designed, and the total amount and the construction cost of the ship are increased.
Thirdly, the head or tail of the ship is large in inclination, the floating state of the whole ship is poor, the stability is poor, and the safety in water of the ship is not facilitated;
fourth, the risk of collision of the head or tail is high, and once the reactor capsule is impacted, radioactive substances are easy to flow out or nuclear safety equipment is invalid, so that nuclear pollution and occurrence and safety accidents of the sea area are affected, and the safety of nuclear facilities is generally not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a general arrangement structure of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship, wherein the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship, and the problems that the ship safety and the nuclear safety are influenced due to large inclination, poor buoyancy, more ballast water, poor total longitudinal strength performance and larger stern collision risk existing in the arrangement of the reactor cabin of the water surface nuclear power ship at the head or the tail are effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a surface of water nuclear power boats and ships reactor cabin overall arrangement structure, includes the reactor cabin, the middle part of boats and ships is located to the reactor cabin.
Further, the reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin, a spent fuel storage cabin, a containment cabin, a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin, wherein the five cabins are arranged on a ship bilge empty cabin and in two broadside empty cabins.
In the technical scheme, a new fuel storage area and an overhaul area are arranged in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin; the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin is also provided with a mechanical equipment overhaul port in the spent fuel water cabin and a mechanical equipment overhaul port in the containment, and a reactor refueling port.
In the technical scheme, the spent fuel storage cabin is used for installing a spent fuel pool for storing used reactor core fuel pieces, the cabin is provided with a top transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment of the spent fuel pool, and stairs and emergency vertical ladders are further arranged in the spent fuel storage cabin.
In the technical scheme, the containment cabin is provided with a containment, a pressure-restraining water tank, an installation water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin and a side air cabin.
Further, the number of the safety shells is two, the safety shells are square, the safety shells are arranged side by side along the width direction of the ship, the safety shells are separated by respective walls, and a certain distance is kept to form an empty cabin part.
Furthermore, a circle of shielding layer is arranged around the outer wall of the containment cabin, and the bottom and the top shielding are shielded by means of shielding water in the water cabin; 3 lateral surfaces in each containment are provided with 3 pressure-restraining water tanks which are square structures.
Further, three layers of decks are arranged in the containment from bottom to top, and mechanical equipment of a loop system is respectively placed in the containment; the water source storage tanks are arranged along two sides of the containment in the height direction of the shielding water tank from the first deck to the top in the containment from bottom to top, are square structures, and are arranged outside the containment and inside the ship outer plate air tank.
In the technical scheme, the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin is closely adjacent to the containment, is arranged on the upper part of the bilge empty cabin of the ship in the upwind direction of the containment, and two sides of the bilge empty cabin are empty cabins; the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory, a nuclear auxiliary machinery room and a seawater tank, wherein the seawater tank is arranged at high and low positions.
Further, the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin is closely adjacent to the containment, is arranged on the upwind direction of the containment and is arranged at the upper part of the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin; the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin sequentially comprises a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and storage cabin air conditioner room, an exhaust gas treatment room and an exhaust manifold from bottom to top.
Compared with the structure of arranging the reactor capsule at the head or the tail in the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the structure of the invention has smaller additional bending to the total longitudinal strength of the ship and compressive stress borne by the total longitudinal direction, so the design of the total longitudinal strength is not particularly reinforced, the weight of the structure can be effectively reduced, the manufacturing cost is lowered, the draft of the ship is reduced, and the safety of the ship is ensured.
2. In the structure of the invention, the reactor cabin is in the middle part, and the floating state is stable, so that the head and tail inclination of the ship is smaller, the invention can balance and reduce the volume of the ballast water cabin only by a small amount of adjustment of the ballast water cabins at the left side and the right side of the reactor cabin, thereby lowering the performance requirement on the ballast pump and reducing the equipment cost.
3. The structure of the invention can effectively reduce the direction of the impact and reduce the risk of impact damage.
4. The structure of the invention is convenient for arranging an overhaul lifting channel, has good maintainability, high space utilization rate and good structure and secondary shielding manufacturability.
5. The structure of the invention is beneficial to the control and management of the material changing, radioactive waste and engine room, and the flow of externally conveying energy sources such as electric power or fresh water is reasonable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general arrangement of a nuclear powered vessel reactor compartment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the position structure of the negative pressure and the cabin stacking air conditioner room.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the position structure of the nuclear fuel loading bay.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the location of the nuclear waste disposal and storage facility.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the process waste storage room.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the position structure of the waste liquid treatment room.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the position structure of the nuclear-assisted machinery deck.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the location of an exhaust treatment chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
The general arrangement structure of the nuclear power ship reactor cabin comprises a reactor cabin, wherein the nuclear power ship reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship, so that the weight center of the ship is on the central axis, and the ship safety and the nuclear safety can be realized. Meanwhile, the arrangement can comprehensively reduce the total tonnage and the construction cost and improve the performance of the ship.
The invention relates to the overall arrangement of nuclear power ship reactor cabins on water surface, wherein the cross section of the ship is square, and the ship is mainly composed of a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1, a spent fuel cabin 2, a containment cabin 3, a nuclear auxiliary mechanical cabin 4 and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5. The five cabins are arranged in a rooting way on the bilge of the ship and in the two broadside cabins, and the overall arrangement design elevation is shown in figure 1. The structure and position of each compartment are described as follows:
the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1 is used for loading and unloading new and old nuclear fuel and loading and unloading mechanical equipment in a containment, and a new fuel storage area and an overhaul area are arranged in the cabin, and the specific layout is shown in fig. 1 and 2. And a mechanical equipment access hole in the spent fuel water cabin and a mechanical equipment access hole in the containment are arranged in the cabin, and a reactor refueling hole is formed.
The spent fuel storage cabin 2 is used for installing a spent fuel pool for storing used reactor core fuel pieces, is provided with a top transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment using the spent fuel pool, is particularly shown in the arrangement diagrams of fig. 1, 4 and 7, and is internally provided with stairs and emergency risers up and down.
The containment compartment 3 is used for mounting the reactor, main pump, evaporator, and other related mechanical equipment. Is provided with a containment, a pressure-restraining water tank, a water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin and a side empty cabin and is made of shielding materials. Specifically, in this embodiment, two containment vessels are provided, each of which has a square structure, and are arranged side by side in the ship width direction, and the containment vessels are separated by respective walls and kept a certain distance to form an empty cabin portion. Square containment designs and bi-directional side-by-side arrangements have the following advantages:
1) The internal space is big, regular, and the safe injection case can be placed in the containment cabin.
2) A suppression system may be placed inside to reduce peak pressure within the containment.
3) The double stacks can be transversely arranged side by side, occupy small space of the stacking cabin and can effectively reduce the ship type length.
4) The residual space of each layer of platform is large, and the hoisting and the maintenance are convenient.
Because the concentration of radioactive substances in the containment vessel is extremely high and the radioactive substances belong to a radiation red area, a circle of shielding layer is arranged around the outer wall of the containment vessel cabin in order to reduce the harm of radioactive substance rays, and the bottom and the top shielding are shielded by the water in the shielding water cabin. As shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7, 3 pressure-suppressing water tanks, which are square structures, are provided at 3 sides inside each containment for controlling containment pressure for performing a nuclear safety function in an emergency. However, under normal conditions, the suppression tank may be used for radiation shielding.
Three layers of decks are arranged from the small part to the top in the containment, and mechanical equipment of a loop system is respectively placed. And the water source storage tanks are arranged along the two sides of the containment in the height direction of the shielding water tank from the first deck to the top in the containment from bottom to top and are used for breaking a loop pipeline to emergency supplement water sources. The water injection source storage cabin is of a square structure and is arranged outside the containment vessel and inside the ship outer plate empty cabin. As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5.
The nuclear-assisted mechanical compartment 4 is arranged immediately upstream of the containment, in order to avoid contamination of the other compartment by highly radioactive substances of the containment. The upper part of the bilge of the ship is provided with an empty cabin on two sides, and the bilge mainly comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory and a nuclear auxiliary mechanical equipment room, and is assisted with stairs, vertical ladders and the like. The nuclear-assisted mechanical cabin 4 is provided with a seawater tank which adopts a high-low position for the seawater to be taken by mechanical equipment, as shown in fig. 1 and 7.
The nuclear three waste treatment chamber 5 is formed immediately adjacent to the containment and is arranged upstream of the containment to avoid contamination of the other chamber by highly radioactive materials of the containment. Is arranged in the upper part of the nuclear power plant compartment 4. Comprises a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment room, a storage room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and stowage cabin air conditioner room, an exhaust gas treatment room and an exhaust manifold. The nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5 is mainly used for treating nuclear waste liquid, nuclear waste solid and nuclear waste gas of a nuclear power ship. The cabin arrangement is carried out according to the principle that the upper layer is used for treating waste gas, the middle layer is used for treating waste liquid, and the lowest layer is used for treating waste liquid, as shown in figure 1. The structure and function of each layer are as follows: the waste liquid treatment room is a first layer from bottom to top and is used for treating the radioactive waste liquid with medium concentration generated by the chemical reaction discharged from the containment, as shown in fig. 6. The process waste liquid storage space is a second layer from bottom to top and is used for treating high-concentration radioactive waste liquid generated by a reactor and a loop system which are discharged from the containment. The ship is provided with a process waste liquid storage room on the left and right sides, and the cabin is provided with a shielding layer, as shown in fig. 5. The nuclear waste treatment and storage room is a third layer from bottom to top for treating radioactive solid waste generated during maintenance and operation, as shown in fig. 4. The decontamination chamber is a fourth floor from bottom to top for decontamination of radioactive material during personnel ingress and egress into the containment. Mainly comprises a decontamination room, a sorting room, a new filter element storage room, a dressing room, a storage room and a dosage management room, as shown in figure 3. The negative pressure and the cabin piling air conditioner is a fifth layer from bottom to top, and is used for manufacturing a mechanical equipment installation place for negative pressure and equipment constant temperature in the containment, as shown in fig. 2. The exhaust treatment room is a sixth layer from bottom to top, and the mechanical equipment for nuclear radioactive exhaust treatment is arranged as shown in fig. 8. The exhaust manifold is in a square structure at the top of the exhaust gas treatment room and is used for discharging gas in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1, the spent fuel cabin 2, the containment cabin 3, the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin 4 and the nuclear three waste treatment cabin 5, as shown in figure 1.
The structure of the invention arranges the reactor cabin in the middle part of the ship, namely the middle part bears the heaviest load, can ensure that the weight center of the ship is on the central axis, can realize the stable floating state of the ship, does not incline (pitch and heel), reduces the requirement on the ballast of the ship, and does not cause the great increase of the weight of the unbalanced tail arrangement of extra ballast water. In addition, the middle arrangement makes the bending stress received by the ship total longitudinal keels minimum, which greatly reduces the requirement of the structure on strength and can effectively lighten the weight of the ship. In addition, the position structure of each cabin can meet the requirements of ship safety, nuclear safety, total tonnage and construction cost of the water surface nuclear power ship.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a surface of water nuclear power boats and ships reactor cabin overall arrangement structure, includes reactor cabin, its characterized in that: the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship;
the reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin (1), a spent fuel storage cabin (2), a containment cabin (3), a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4) and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5), wherein the five cabins are arranged on a ship bilge empty cabin and in two broadside empty cabins;
a new fuel storage area and an overhaul area are arranged in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin (1); the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin (1) is also provided with a mechanical equipment overhaul port in the spent fuel water cabin and a mechanical equipment overhaul port in the containment, and a reactor material changing port;
the spent fuel storage cabin (2) is used for installing a spent fuel pool for storing used reactor core fuel pieces, the cabin is provided with a top transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment of the spent fuel pool, and stairs and emergency vertical ladders are further arranged in the spent fuel storage cabin (2);
the containment cabin (3) is provided with a containment, a pressure-restraining water tank, a water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin and a side air cabin;
the two safety shells are arranged in parallel along the width direction of the ship, are isolated by respective walls and form an empty cabin part at a certain distance;
the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4) is closely adjacent to the containment, is arranged on the upper part of the bilge empty cabin of the ship in the upwind direction of the containment, and two sides of the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin are empty cabins; the nuclear auxiliary mechanical cabin (4) comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory, a nuclear auxiliary mechanical equipment room and a seawater tank, wherein the seawater tank is arranged at high and low positions;
the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5) is closely adjacent to the containment, is arranged on the upwind direction of the containment and is arranged at the upper part of the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4); the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5) sequentially comprises a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment room, a storage room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and storage cabin air conditioner room, an exhaust gas treatment room and an exhaust manifold from bottom to top.
2. The surface nuclear powered vessel reactor tank overall arrangement of claim 1, wherein: a circle of shielding layer is arranged around the outer wall of the containment cabin, and the bottom and the top shielding are shielded by the water in the shielding water cabin; 3 lateral surfaces in each containment are provided with 3 pressure-restraining water tanks which are square structures.
3. The surface nuclear powered vessel reactor tank overall arrangement of claim 2, wherein: three layers of decks are arranged in the containment from bottom to top, and mechanical equipment of a loop system is respectively placed in the containment; the water source storage tanks are arranged along two sides of the containment in the height direction of the shielding water tank from the first deck to the top in the containment from bottom to top, are square structures, and are arranged outside the containment and inside the ship outer plate air tank.
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| CN114030565A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Regional arrangement structure of nuclear power naval vessel |
| CN114852263B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-03-08 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Nuclear power generation ship overall layout structure |
| CN115107947B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-11-14 | 中核海洋核动力发展有限公司 | Nuclear power ship anti-rolling water tank with pressure-restraining spraying function |
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| CN209209009U (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-08-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | A kind of nuclear power emergency disposal ship |
| CN109677568A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-04-26 | 中集海洋工程研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power generation ship |
| CN112071451A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Pressurized water reactor multifunctional double-layer concrete containment system |
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