CN113148092A - Overall arrangement structure of water surface nuclear power ship reactor cabin - Google Patents
Overall arrangement structure of water surface nuclear power ship reactor cabin Download PDFInfo
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- CN113148092A CN113148092A CN202011504997.6A CN202011504997A CN113148092A CN 113148092 A CN113148092 A CN 113148092A CN 202011504997 A CN202011504997 A CN 202011504997A CN 113148092 A CN113148092 A CN 113148092A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/18—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by nuclear energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
- B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
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- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a general arrangement structure of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship. The reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin, a spent fuel storage cabin, a containment cabin, a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin, and the five cabins are arranged on a bottom cabin and in two side cabins of a ship cabin. The reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship, namely the middle part of the ship bears the heaviest load, so that the weight center of the ship is ensured to be on the central axis, the stable floating state of the ship can be realized, no inclination (trim and transverse inclination) occurs, the requirement on ship ballast is reduced, and the weight of the tail part arrangement is not greatly increased due to additional ballast water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water surface nuclear power ships, in particular to a total arrangement structure of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship.
Background
At present, surface ships and civil ships in China mainly use diesel power, and with the development of polar resources and the deepening of ocean trade transportation, the diesel power not only causes serious pollution, but also greatly increases the operation cost, and seriously weakens the competitiveness of China on the ocean on the whole. In addition, the demand of electric power, water resource and heat energy in inland regions in China is great, and the development of resources such as land, water and the like is tense, so that the development and the construction of new industrial platforms, marine nuclear power stations and other facilities on the ocean are accelerated in China to relieve the current resource dilemma.
In order to accelerate the development of marine resources, protect the marine environment and improve the efficiency, the sound of the design and construction of water surface nuclear powered ships is more and more high. The reactor cabin in the water surface nuclear power ship bears dual safety factors such as nuclear safety, ship safety and the like, and is also the key point for determining each specific target function of the ship. The design of the ship is related to the overall main scale of the ship and the overall tonnage of the ship, and the influence on the overall performance of the ship is great.
At present, the design and construction of water surface nuclear power ships are not realized in China, and related research and test are carried out on the water surface nuclear power ships all the time. Countries such as foreign america and russia have started earlier in the development of nuclear powered ships, resulting in water surface nuclear powered ships such as nuclear powered icebreakers and nuclear powered commercial ships. The reactor cabin of a foreign nuclear-powered ship is arranged at the head or the tail of the ship, and the main design idea is that the limited interface between the nuclear power device area and other non-nuclear parts is as small as possible, so that the diffusion of shielding facilities and radiation risks of the reactor cabin is reduced. However, such an arrangement has a series of disadvantages, as follows:
firstly, the weight balance of the whole ship is difficult, and the volume of a ballast water chamber needs to be increased to balance the head and tail inclination of the ship, so that the total tonnage of the ship and the equipment parameters of a related pump for adjusting the ballast balance are increased, and the construction and equipment cost is increased;
second, be unfavorable for the structural safety of boats and ships, reactor cabin equipment weight is heavy, 800 more tons to last kilotons, if arrange at the boats and ships afterbody, the total longitudinal tension that bears of boats and ships fossil fragments, and the moment of flexure is great, and bending stress is big, and is high to the total longitudinal strength requirement of boats and ships fossil fragments, needs to strengthen the design to the total longitudinal structure of boats and ships, has increased the total amount and the construction cost of boats and ships.
Thirdly, the inclination of the head part or the tail part is large, the whole floating state of the ship is not good, the stability is slightly poor, and the safety of the ship in water is not facilitated;
the fourth, the head or the tail of the reactor is subjected to a high risk of collision, once the reactor cabin is impacted, radioactive substances can easily flow out or the nuclear safety equipment can easily fail, so that the nuclear pollution and the occurrence and safety accidents of the sea area are influenced, and the safety of the nuclear facilities is not facilitated as a whole.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a total arrangement structure of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship, in the structure, the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship, so that the problems of influence on ship safety and nuclear safety caused by large inclination, poor floating state, more ballast water, poor total longitudinal strength performance and large collision risk of a stern part existing when the reactor cabin of the water surface nuclear power ship is arranged at the head part or the tail part are effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: the overall arrangement structure of the reactor cabin of the water surface nuclear power ship comprises the reactor cabin, wherein the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship.
Further, the reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin, a spent fuel storage cabin, a containment cabin, a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin, and the five cabins are arranged on a bottom cabin and in two side cabins of the ship cabin.
In the technical scheme, a new fuel storage area and a maintenance area are arranged in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin; the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin is also provided with a mechanical equipment access hole in a spent fuel water cabin, a mechanical equipment access hole in a containment and a reactor refueling hole.
In the technical scheme, the spent fuel storage cabin is used for installing a spent fuel pool for storing used reactor core fuel pieces, the cabin is provided with a top end transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment of the spent fuel pool, and the spent fuel storage cabin is internally provided with a stair and an emergency vertical ladder for ascending and descending.
In the technical scheme, the containment cabin is provided with a containment, a pressure-restraining water tank, a safety injection water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin and a side empty cabin.
Furthermore, the containment is two, is square structure, arranges side by side along the ship width direction, separates through respective wall between the containment to keep certain distance formation empty cabin part.
Furthermore, a circle of shielding layer is arranged on the periphery of the outer wall of the containment cabin, and the bottom and the top of the shielding layer are shielded by water in the shielding water tank; 3 suppression water tanks are arranged on 3 side surfaces in each containment vessel, and the suppression water tanks are of square structures.
Furthermore, three layers of decks are arranged in the containment from bottom to top, and a loop system mechanical device is respectively placed in the three layers of decks; from supreme down, on the direction of height that first layer deck plays the shielding water cabin at top in the containment, be provided with along containment both sides face and safeguard notes water source storage tank, safeguard notes water source storage tank is square structure, arranges in the containment outside, inboard in the planking air-lock of boats and ships.
In the technical scheme, the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin is close to the containment vessel and is arranged in the upwind direction of the containment vessel, the upper part of a vacant cabin at the bottom of the ship cabin and two sides of the vacant cabin are vacant cabins; the nuclear mechanical cabin comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory, a nuclear mechanical equipment room and a seawater tank, wherein the seawater tank is arranged at a high position and a low position.
Furthermore, the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin is close to the containment, arranged in the upper wind direction of the containment and arranged at the upper part of the nuclear mechanical cabin; the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin comprises a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment and storage room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and stack cabin air conditioner room, a waste gas treatment room and an exhaust collecting pipe from bottom to top in sequence.
Compared with the structure that the reactor cabin is arranged at the head part or the tail part in the prior art, the invention has the following advantages that:
the structure has small additional bending to the total longitudinal strength of the ship and pressure stress borne by the total longitudinal strength, so that the total longitudinal strength is not required to be particularly strengthened, the weight of the structure can be effectively reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the draught of the ship is reduced, and the safety of the ship is ensured.
In the structure of the invention, the reactor cabin is in the middle part, the floating state is stable, so that the inclination of the head and the tail of the ship is small, the invention can balance and reduce the volume of the ballast water cabin only by adjusting the ballast water cabins at the left side and the right side of the reactor cabin a little, thereby reducing the performance requirement on the ballast pump and lowering the equipment cost.
Thirdly, the structure of the invention can effectively reduce the direction of being impacted and reduce the risk of impact damage.
The structure of the invention is convenient to arrange an overhauling and hoisting channel, and has good maintainability, high space utilization rate and good structure and secondary shielding manufacturability.
The structure of the invention is beneficial to the control and management of material changing, radioactive waste and engine room, and has reasonable flow for external transportation of energy sources such as electric power or fresh water.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general arrangement structure of a water surface nuclear power vessel reactor cabin of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a position structure of the negative pressure and stack air-conditioning room.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the position structure of the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the nuclear waste disposal and storage room.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a position structure of a process waste liquid storage chamber.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a position structure of a waste liquid treatment room.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a position structure of the nuclear auxiliary machinery compartment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a position structure of the exhaust gas treatment room.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
The total arrangement structure of the reactor cabin of the water surface nuclear power ship comprises the reactor cabin, and the reactor cabin of the nuclear power ship is arranged in the middle of the ship, so that the weight center of the ship is on a central axis, and the safety of the ship and the nuclear safety can be realized. Meanwhile, the arrangement can comprehensively reduce the total tonnage and the construction cost and improve the performance of the ship.
The invention relates to the overall arrangement of a reactor cabin of a water surface nuclear power ship, wherein the cross section of the ship is square and mainly comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1, a spent fuel cabin 2, a containment cabin 3, a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin 4 and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5. The five parts of cabins are rooted and arranged on the bottom empty cabin and in the two side empty cabins of the ship cabin, and the general arrangement design elevation is shown in figure 1. The structure and position of each chamber are explained as follows:
the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1 is used for loading, unloading and storing new and old nuclear fuel and loading and unloading mechanical equipment in a containment, and a new fuel storage area and an overhaul area are arranged in the cabin, and the specific arrangement is shown in figures 1 and 2. And a mechanical equipment access hole in the spent fuel water tank, a mechanical equipment access hole in the containment and a reactor refueling hole are arranged in the tank.
The spent fuel storage tank 2 is used for installing a spent fuel pool for storing used reactor core fuel pieces, and is provided with a top end transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment using the spent fuel pool, wherein the specific layout is shown in figures 1, 4 and 7, and a staircase and an emergency vertical ladder are arranged in the tank for ascending and descending.
The containment vessel 3 is used for installing the relevant mechanical equipment such as a reactor, a main pump, an evaporator and a voltage stabilizer. The safe water tank is provided with a safe shell, a pressure-restraining water tank, a safety injection water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin, a side empty cabin and shielding materials. Specifically, in the embodiment, two containment vessels are provided, each containment vessel is of a square structure and is arranged side by side in the ship width direction, and the containment vessels are isolated by respective walls and keep a certain distance to form an empty cabin part. The square containment design and the bidirectional side-by-side arrangement have the following advantages:
1) the internal space is large and regular, and the safety injection box can be placed in the containment cabin.
2) A pressure suppression system can be placed in the containment, and peak pressure in the containment is reduced.
3) The double stacks can be transversely arranged side by side, the space occupied by the stack cabin is small, and the ship type length can be effectively reduced.
4) The residual space of each layer of platform is large, and the hoisting and the maintenance are convenient.
Because the concentration of radioactive substances in the containment is extremely high and the containment belongs to a radiation red area, in order to reduce the harm of radioactive substance rays, a circle of shielding layer is arranged around the outer wall of the containment cabin, and the shielding at the bottom and the top depends on the water in the shielding water tank for shielding. As shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7, 3 suppression water tanks having a square structure are disposed on 3 sides of the interior of each containment vessel, and are used for controlling the pressure of the containment vessel in an emergency to perform a nuclear safety function. However, under normal operating conditions, the suppression tank may be used for radiation shielding purposes.
Three layers of decks are arranged from top to bottom in the containment vessel, and a loop system mechanical device is respectively placed in the decks. From bottom to top, on the direction of height of shielding water cabin that first layer deck plays the top in the containment, be provided with the safety injection water source storage cabin along containment both sides face for the urgent supplementary water source of a return circuit pipeline rupture. The safety injection water source storage cabin is of a square structure and is arranged on the outer side of the containment and on the inner side of the outer plate empty cabin of the ship. As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5.
The nuclear auxiliary machinery compartment 4 is arranged in the upper wind direction of the containment vessel in the close vicinity of the containment vessel so as to avoid the high radioactive substances of the containment vessel from polluting other compartments. The upper part of the empty cabin at the bottom of the ship cabin is provided with empty cabins at two sides, mainly comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory and a nuclear auxiliary mechanical equipment room, and is assisted by a stair, a vertical ladder and the like. The nuclear auxiliary machinery room 4 is provided with a seawater tank which is arranged at a high position and a low position and is used for taking seawater from mechanical equipment, as shown in fig. 1 and 7.
The nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5 is formed to be close to a containment vessel and arranged in the upper wind direction of the containment vessel so as to avoid high radioactive substances in the containment vessel from polluting other cabins. Arranged at the upper part of the nuclear auxiliary machinery compartment 4. The system consists of a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment and storage room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and cabin-piling air conditioner room, a waste gas treatment room and an exhaust manifold. The nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5 is mainly used for treating nuclear waste liquid, nuclear waste solid and nuclear waste gas of the nuclear power ship. The arrangement of the chambers is based on the principle of treating the waste gas in the upper part, the solid in the middle part and the waste liquid in the lowest part, as shown in FIG. 1. The structure and function of each layer is: the waste liquid treatment room is a first layer from bottom to top and is used for treating the radioactive waste liquid with medium concentration generated by the chemical reaction discharged from the containment vessel, as shown in fig. 6. The process waste liquid storage room is a second layer from bottom to top and is used for treating high-concentration radioactive waste liquid generated by a reactor and a primary loop system discharged from the containment. The left and right sides of the ship are provided with a process waste liquid storage room, and the cabin is provided with a shielding layer, as shown in figure 5. The nuclear waste disposal and storage room is a third floor from bottom to top for disposing radioactive solid waste generated during overhaul and operation, as shown in fig. 4. The decontamination room is a fourth layer from bottom to top and is used for decontaminating radioactive substances during the process of entering and exiting the containment by personnel. Mainly comprises a decontamination room, a sorting room, a new filter core storage room, a dressing room, a storage room and a dosage management room, as shown in figure 3. The negative pressure and cabin-piling air-conditioning room is a fifth layer from bottom to top and is used for manufacturing a mechanical equipment installation place for negative pressure in a containment and equipment constant temperature, and the installation place is shown in figure 2. The exhaust gas treatment room is a sixth layer from bottom to top, and a mechanical equipment arrangement for nuclear radioactive exhaust gas treatment is shown in fig. 8. The exhaust manifold is arranged at the top of the waste gas treatment room, is of a square structure and is used for discharging gas in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1, the spent fuel cabin 2, the containment cabin 3, the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin 4 and the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin 5, as shown in figure 1.
The reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship, namely the middle part of the ship bears the heaviest load, so that the weight center of the ship is ensured to be on the central axis, the stable floating state of the ship can be realized, no inclination (trim and transverse inclination) occurs, the requirement on ship ballast is reduced, and the weight of the tail part arrangement is not greatly increased due to additional ballast water. In addition, the middle arrangement enables the bending stress received by the ship main longitudinal keel to be minimum, so that the requirement of the structure on the strength is greatly reduced, and the weight of the ship can be effectively reduced. In addition, the position structure of each cabin can meet the requirements of ship safety, nuclear safety, total tonnage and construction cost of the water surface nuclear power ship.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a surface of water nuclear power vessel reactor cabin overall arrangement structure, includes the reactor cabin, its characterized in that: the reactor cabin is arranged in the middle of the ship.
2. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reactor cabin comprises a nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin (1), a spent fuel storage cabin (2), a containment cabin (3), a nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4) and a nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5), and the five cabins are arranged on a bottom empty cabin and in two side empty cabins of a ship cabin.
3. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a new fuel storage area and a maintenance area are arranged in the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin (1); the nuclear fuel loading and unloading cabin 1 is also provided with a mechanical equipment access hole in a spent fuel water cabin, a mechanical equipment access hole in a containment and a reactor refueling hole.
4. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the spent fuel storage cabin (2) is used for storing a spent fuel pool of used reactor core fuel pieces, the cabin is provided with a top end transition cabin, a shielding water cabin and a space for installing equipment of the spent fuel pool, and a stair and an emergency vertical ladder are further arranged in the spent fuel storage cabin (2) for ascending and descending.
5. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the containment cabin (3) is provided with a containment, a pressure-suppressing water tank, a safety injection water source storage cabin, a shielding water cabin and a side empty cabin.
6. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the containment is provided with two containment vessels, the containment vessels are of square structures and are arranged side by side along the ship width direction, the containment vessels are isolated by respective walls, and a certain distance is kept to form an empty cabin part.
7. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as defined in claim 6, wherein: a circle of shielding layer is arranged on the periphery of the outer wall of the containment cabin, and the bottom and the top of the shielding layer are shielded by water in the shielding water cabin; 3 suppression water tanks are arranged on 3 side surfaces in each containment vessel, and the suppression water tanks are of square structures.
8. The general arrangement of the surface-powered nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 7, wherein: three layers of decks are arranged in the containment from bottom to top, and a loop system mechanical device is respectively placed in the three layers of decks; from supreme down, on the direction of height that first layer deck plays the shielding water cabin at top in the containment, be provided with along containment both sides face and safeguard notes water source storage tank, safeguard notes water source storage tank is square structure, arranges in the containment outside, inboard in the planking air-lock of boats and ships.
9. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4) is close to the containment vessel and is arranged at the upper wind direction of the containment vessel and the upper part of a vacant cabin at the bottom of the ship cabin, and vacant cabins are arranged at two sides of the vacant cabin; the nuclear auxiliary machinery cabin (4) comprises an instrument room, a sampling room, a laboratory, a nuclear auxiliary machinery equipment room and a seawater tank, wherein the seawater tank is arranged at a high position and a low position.
10. The general arrangement structure of the water surface nuclear reactor bay as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5) is close to the containment, arranged in the upwind direction of the containment and positioned at the upper part of the nuclear mechanical cabin (4); the nuclear three-waste treatment cabin (5) sequentially comprises a waste liquid treatment room, a process waste liquid storage room, a nuclear waste treatment and storage room, a decontamination room, a negative pressure and stack cabin air conditioner room, a waste gas treatment room and an exhaust collecting pipe from bottom to top.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114852263A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-05 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Whole layout structure of nuclear power generation ship |
| CN115107947A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-27 | 中核海洋核动力发展有限公司 | Nuclear power ship anti-rolling water tank with suppression spraying function |
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