CN113146095A - Special welding material for austenite high-alloy steel and application - Google Patents
Special welding material for austenite high-alloy steel and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146095A CN113146095A CN202110226586.3A CN202110226586A CN113146095A CN 113146095 A CN113146095 A CN 113146095A CN 202110226586 A CN202110226586 A CN 202110226586A CN 113146095 A CN113146095 A CN 113146095A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
Abstract
The invention discloses a special welding material for austenitic high-alloy steel and application, belonging to the technical field of welding, wherein the special pipe welding material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.04-0.14% of C, 0.65-1.0% of Si, Mn: 6.5% -8.0%, Cr: 18.5% -22.0%, Ni: 8.0% -10.7%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mo: less than or equal to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe. The special welding material has good strength, toughness, plasticity storage and weld metal mechanical property, can particularly optimize the microstructure of a fusion area, effectively reduce the sensitivity of welding cold cracks and hot cracks, avoid welding heat treatment procedures (preheating before welding and slow cooling after welding), relax the requirement on the field welding environment (fundamentally changing the technical current situation of the industry that welding construction cannot be carried out at minus 5 ℃), simplify the welding process, improve the working efficiency and reduce the construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a special welding material for austenitic high-alloy steel and application thereof.
Background
Welding is commonly called as 'steel needle and thread'. The industry uses about 40% of the steel quantity and requires welding methods for joining (permanent joining).
In addition to the manufacture of mechanical equipment, the more industries involved in welding engineering are the "manufacture and installation of metal structures" required in various technical fields. Such as building steel structures, cast steel joints of building space structures, gas transmission pipelines, boat structures, electric power towers, stainless steel composite plate members, etc., and metal structures thereof are increasingly being developed toward the goal of "high reinforcement and light weight".
Meanwhile, along with the change trend of the application of the base metal steel grade, the problems of the upgrading and updating requirements of corresponding welding materials and the new problems of the technical applicability of the welding process and the like also appear.
The steel structure has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, good anti-seismic performance, high construction speed and the like, is very suitable for the requirements of modern engineering structures on high-rise, large-span and heavy-load development, and has increasingly more engineering applications. In super high-rise buildings, large-span bridges, heavy-load industrial plants and special structures, the thickness of steel plates required by main stressed components such as beams, columns, supports, shear walls, trusses and the like is increasingly large. Even if a steel-concrete composite structure which can fully exert the advantages of steel and concrete and remarkably reduce the thickness of a steel plate is adopted, the thickness of the steel adopted for meeting the design requirement of engineering bearing capacity is increased day by day. The wall thickness of the base material of the existing steel structure reaches more than 100 mm. Therefore, the steel structure is inevitably gradually developed toward "high reinforcement and light weight".
In view of the difference between the stress form (such as static load or dynamic load) of the steel structural member and the working environment (such as the working environment temperature in alpine regions), the design requirement whether the welding joint has enough comprehensive mechanical property indexes needs to be considered comprehensively, namely, all aspects of the performance index levels of the strength, toughness, plasticity, fatigue resistance and the like of the welding joint need to be considered comprehensively.
The high-strength steel commonly used at present is the steel grade of low-alloy high-strength structural steel with strength grades of Q460, Q550, Q690 and the like. The strength of steel materials is continuously improved, the toughness and the plasticity reserve of the steel materials tend to be insufficient, namely the weldability of the steel materials or the mechanical property of a welding joint is continuously reduced, and how to ensure the welding quality becomes the technical key and the bottleneck of the high-strength steel structure welding engineering.
With the rapid increase of global economy, the consumption of fossil energy such as petroleum and natural gas by human beings is increasing. Since the oil and gas production sites are typically remote from downstream markets and require long distance transportation, oil and gas pipelines shoulder the burden of this energy transportation. Meanwhile, the requirements for meeting working conditions such as medium pressure inside the pipeline and ambient temperature (low temperature) are becoming more and more severe.
Therefore, the research and application of pipeline steel tend to higher strength grade steel materials, such as steel grades X70, X80 and X100 with different strength grades, and the technical requirement that the pressure of a conveying medium can be increased (to more than 15 MPa) without increasing the wall thickness of a pipeline is met. Therefore, the cost of links such as material transportation, pipeline manufacturing and the like can be effectively reduced, and the economic benefit and the social benefit of oil and gas pipeline engineering are remarkably improved.
Generally, pipeline steel above the X70 grade is called high-strength pipeline steel, and the popularization and application of the high-strength pipeline steel are really influenced, so that some key technical problems existing in the traditional welding site are not completely solved. At present, the commonly used welding material for X70 pipeline steel welding engineering is an E6010 low-alloy structural steel welding rod, and welding cladding metal can form acicular ferrite with better mechanical property, but the welding heat treatment is also needed as an auxiliary process, so the working efficiency is lower, and the construction cost is higher.
Therefore, in the practical process of welding engineering, the problems of quality reliability and overall mechanical performance (safety margin storage) of the high-strength pipeline steel welding joint, construction efficiency and cost control and the like still need to pass through a high-quality and high-efficiency welding technology, and a technical key and an important bottleneck to be solved are urgently needed.
In medium carbon cast steel components such as a wheel belt and a riding wheel of a cement rotary kiln of large production equipment in the building material industry, or a hollow shaft of a cement mill, some original casting defects such as air holes, inclusions or loose tissues generated in the casting production process of the components are inevitable to remain. In the long-term service process, stress concentration (sharp-angle effect) is more easily generated at the original casting defect part, so that the local metal fatigue failure phenomenon appears, and becomes a 'crack source'. Under the continuous action of dynamic load and alternating stress thereof, the fatigue failure of the metal is further aggravated by the cast structure, and the cracks of the metal inevitably grow continuously from inside to outside or from outside to inside to gradually form macroscopic metal defects: surface metal peeling (pitting, spalling and local defect) or structural cracks (penetrating structural cracks in all directions) cannot be continuously used, and the final failure of large cast steel workpieces is caused, which is a common problem in the production process of cement manufacturers.
If the traditional maintenance mode of replacing equipment components is adopted, aiming at large cement mechanical components such as a medium-carbon cast steel rotary kiln wheel belt, a supporting wheel or a hollow shaft of a mill, the purchase cost is high, the maintenance period is long due to comprehensive factors such as the working procedures of purchase, transportation, disassembly and installation, and the like, and the production stop economic loss of a cement enterprise is aggravated. Therefore, in the case where metal fatigue defects are locally generated only in the cast steel workpiece, easy replacement of parts is obviously not preferable from either a technical or economic viewpoint.
With the continuous development and wide application of welding technology, the maintenance welding suitable for the maintenance of various mechanical devices and supporting the 'full-life design' of key parts of the devices is in the process of production. The maintenance welding method has the outstanding advantages that: the online repair can be carried out under most conditions, the maintenance cost is low, and the trouble of dismounting and mounting large-scale equipment is reduced. The maintenance welding method has good cost performance because the maintenance time is saved, the production stop loss of enterprises is greatly reduced, and the comprehensive economic benefit is very obvious. The on-line welding repair of metal fatigue defects of large cast steel workpieces is a 'repair welding' method in 'maintenance welding', and is actually a generally accepted and accepted equipment maintenance mode for cement production enterprises.
However, the problem of poor weldability of medium carbon cast steels (ZG-55, ZG35SiMn, ZG42CrMo) is more prominent. Because of high carbon content, large volume of cast steel workpieces and high cooling speed, how to prevent welding cracks (welding cold cracks) caused by brittle and hard martensite phase transformation in the welding process is a key technical problem for implementing a 'repair welding' method. The welding heat treatment process is indispensable by adopting the traditional structural steel welding material for welding. After the welding heat treatment processes of temperature rise, heat preservation and slow cooling of the cast steel components, the time of 24 hours is needed in one period, and the maintenance and construction units are really labored and damaged.
The building steel structure has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, good earthquake resistance, high construction speed and the like, is very suitable for the requirements of the modern engineering structure on high-rise, large-span and heavy-load development, and has increasingly more engineering applications. In the development process of the matched space structure, the application of the connecting node of the steel structure is gradually widened. With the improvement of casting technology, cast steel nodes in the cast steel nodes are increasingly widely applied in China.
The cast steel node is generally formed by integral casting, the node form is flexible, and the working performance is safe and reliable. Compared with the traditional 'welding joint' form (such as 'intersecting line' joint of a steel pipe and the like), the cast steel joint avoids the collection of a plurality of welding seams of the welding joint at the joint, and meanwhile, the welding seams can be arranged at a position far away from the core area of the joint, so that the stress of the welding seams is reduced, and the stress performance of the structure is improved.
The cast steel node is usually made of cast steel series (GB/T7659-. The main body member of the steel structure is usually made of low-alloy structural steel series such as Q345, Q390, Q420, Q460 and the like, the carbon equivalent is relatively low (mainly, the carbon content of the element is generally calculated to be less than or equal to 0.20 percent), and the supply state is rolling or rolling plus heat treatment. Therefore, the carbon equivalent and the metal microstructure form of the two are greatly different, and the technical indexes of the two, such as strength, rigidity, toughness, plasticity, fatigue performance and the like, are different. The welding is performed by using dissimilar steel, the welding performance is not ideal enough, the quality hidden trouble of a welding joint is easy to generate, and the construction process is relatively complex. Especially, under the condition of on-site installation and welding construction, the welding device is more easily limited and influenced by a plurality of factors such as welding materials, welding positions, on-site environment, heat treatment means and the like, and the final result not only aggravates the difficulty of welding construction, but also improves the comprehensive process cost of building construction. The problem of the comprehensive process level of 'dissimilar steel welding' of the cast steel node body member and the structural main body member assembly is actually a main technical bottleneck influencing the rapid development of a space structure.
In summary, in the field of welding engineering such as high-strength steel structures, high-strength pipeline steels, medium-carbon cast steels and low-carbon cast steel joints, the following welding technical measures are generally adopted to improve the quality of welded joints:
1. the C content of the welding material is reduced as much as possible to reduce the supersaturation degree of free carbon in crystal lattices, which is beneficial to inhibiting the transformation of martensite structures, thereby improving the cold crack resistance of the welding seam structure.
2. It is also the most common practice of toughening machine fabrication and weld metallurgy to try to refine grains by "multiple alloying" of the weld material. This is because the fine grains are dispersed in more grains for plastic deformation when subjected to an external force, the plastic deformation is more uniform, and accordingly the stress concentration is smaller. Further, the finer the crystal grains, the more tortuous the grain boundary, and the larger the grain boundary surface area, the more unfavorable the crack propagation. On the contrary, if the crystal grains of the metallic material are relatively coarse, the "crack growth rate" is increased, which is also a bad factor in deteriorating the mechanical properties of the welded joint. For example, the conventional welding materials of low alloy structural steel systems, such as Ni-Ti-based welding materials and Ni-Ti-B-based welding rods, promote the formation of fine acicular ferrite through multi-alloying, and belong to a common welding metallurgy means. However, from the perspective of welding metallurgy, it is practically impossible to completely improve the weldability only with respect to the material factor of the welding material of the low-alloy structural steel system.
3. Therefore, the welding heat treatment process is indispensable in the construction process at present. It is desirable to prevent adverse martensitic transformation of the weld metal by the process steps of weld preheating and slow cooling of the weldment (i.e., reducing the "degree of supercooling") to reduce its "weld crack susceptibility" or to deteriorate the "mechanical properties of the weld joint". Therefore, in the welding process, the complicated auxiliary welding heat treatment process is usually avoided. This has become the technical bottleneck that most directly affects the construction progress and increases the construction cost.
4. Therefore, on the premise of avoiding the technological measures of 'preheating before welding' and 'slow cooling after welding', how to effectively reduce the sensitivity of welding cracks and further obviously reduce the requirement of welding on the environment temperature (the welding environment temperature is improved, particularly the special requirement of northern climate cold regions is met, the current industrial situation that welding construction cannot be carried out at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ is changed, namely the national industrial technical standards such as 'civil high-rise building steel structure technical rules' need to be followed). Meanwhile, good weld metal mechanical properties can be obtained. The common technical problem of the optimization of the welding process is increasingly obvious. How to solve the problem fundamentally is a technical innovation measure widely expected by the industry.
The stainless steel composite plate is a 'bimetal composite steel plate' formed by combining a carbon steel base layer and a stainless steel coating layer, and is mainly characterized in that the carbon steel or low alloy steel and the stainless steel form firm metallurgical bonding. It has the excellent performance of stainless steel, high corrosion resistance, high strength of carbon steel or low alloy steel and low cost, so that it has wide technological application.
The components made of the bimetal composite steel plate are formed by welding stainless steel composite plates serving as raw materials in a fusion welding mode, and are also a typical 'dissimilar steel welding' working condition. The general welding procedure is that on the surface of the welding seam of the carbon steel base material, firstly, a traditional Cr24Ni13 high alloy welding material for 'dissimilar steel welding' is adopted to weld a 'transition layer', and then, a Cr20Ni10 stainless steel welding material is adopted to weld a stainless steel composite layer. In addition to the complicated process, the prior art also has the defect of high hot crack sensitivity (caused by the precipitation of low melting point sulfide) in the welding process of the Cr24Ni13 high-alloy welding material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a special welding material (Cr20Ni10Mn7Si welding material) for austenitic high alloy steel, a welding process and application, which is suitable for welding a high-strength steel structure, high-strength pipeline steel, medium-carbon and low-carbon cast steel and a stainless steel composite plate, and belongs to the special welding material for upgrading and updating the welding process of dissimilar steel based on a welding metallurgy technical idea of 'dissimilar steel welding' and a verification result of working condition application and experimental research.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the first technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a special welding material (Cr20Ni10Mn7Si) for austenitic high-alloy steel, which comprises the following alloy components: 0.04-0.14% of C, 0.65-1.0% of Si, Mn: 6.5% -8.0%, Cr: 18.5% -22.0%, Ni: 8.0% -10.7%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mo: less than or equal to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
The technical scheme of the invention is that according to the interactive influence of the components, the structure and the performance of weld metal, the technical conditions of the non-equilibrium solidification process (namely the 'small welding metallurgical conditions' different from 'large steel-making metallurgical conditions' of the equilibrium solidification process) are fully utilized:
(1) the invention ensures that the welding deposited metal still maintains the austenite structure state (Mn and Ni are stronger austenite forming elements and always maintain the metalology characteristic that the lattice type is face-centered cubic under the combined action of Mn and Ni), so that the weld metal has good comprehensive mechanical properties of carbon and hydrogen dissolving capacity, toughness and plastic storage.
(2) In the present invention, under the conditions of the weld metallurgy of high Mn alloy compositions, the Mn contribution can also significantly reduce the FeS amount of the low melting point (1193 ℃) in the weld metal, while producing MnS with a higher melting point (1610 ℃) which is already higher than the melting point of pure iron: 1535 ℃). At the same time, the distribution form of the sulfide (having a spheroidizing effect), that is, the MnS distribution, which is changed from the original film-like FeS form to a spherical form, can be improved. The harm of low-melting-point sulfide can be well inhibited, so that the hot crack sensitivity of weld metal is reduced (the index is obviously superior to that of the traditional Cr24-Ni13 austenitic high-alloy welding material).
The second technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides application of the special welding material for the austenite high-alloy steel in welding high-strength steel structures, high-strength pipeline steel, medium-carbon or low-carbon cast steel and stainless steel composite plates.
Further, according to different welding engineering application technical fields, the special welding material for the austenitic high alloy steel is divided into four specific models: cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GQ, namely a special welding material for high-strength structural steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GX, namely a special welding material for high-strength pipeline steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG, which is a special welding material for medium-carbon or low-carbon cast steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH, namely a special welding material for stainless steel composite plates; so as to facilitate the selection and matching of welding materials during the design and construction of welding engineering.
The special welding material for the austenitic high-alloy steel of the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH stainless steel composite plate is similar to the material of a stainless steel clad steel plate, and belongs to the welding material capable of being directly fused with carbon steel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency welding optimization scheme of the stainless steel composite plate component is realized: the traditional process of welding a transition layer by using a Cr24Ni13 high-alloy welding material which is commonly adopted can be omitted, namely, the welding material special for the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH type stainless steel composite plate is directly used for welding, so that the labor and the time are saved, and the advantage of preventing the welding hot crack defect is achieved (the high-Mn alloy component can obviously reduce the amount of low-melting-point iron sulfide and has the beneficial effect of spheroidizing sulfide, and the generation of the welding hot crack is effectively inhibited).
The invention adopts the special welding material for the austenite high alloy steel, and the welding parameters are as follows: the diameter of the special welding material for the austenitic high-alloy steel is 1.2mm, the current is 200-280A, the voltage is 24-32V, and the protective atmosphere is mixed gas of 80% of argon and 20% of carbon dioxide (the actual parameters of the specific welding construction are determined by a welding process evaluation test according to the wall thickness of a welding component, the form of a welding joint and the like); the whole-process cold welding can be realized without welding heat treatment process measures such as preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, tempering after welding and the like.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the invention effectively prevents the generation of welding defects (cold cracks and hot cracks) by deeply researching the interaction among the components, the structure and the performance of the weld metal and fully utilizing the special non-equilibrium solidification condition in welding metallurgy and by the combined action of multi-element alloying of elements such as high-component Ni, Mn and the like, can realize the complete cold welding operation condition of the welding heat treatment process, and simultaneously, the obtained weld metal has excellent strength, toughness, plasticity storage and comprehensive mechanical properties of a welding joint.
2. On the basis of deeply researching the welding metallurgical mechanism and mechanism of a dissimilar steel welding fusion area and obtaining a welding process test verification result, the special welding material (Cr20Ni10Mn7Si series welding material) for the austenite high-alloy steel is taken as an upgraded and updated welding material, so that the technical bottleneck problems that the existing high-strength steel structure, high-strength pipeline steel, medium-carbon and low-carbon cast steel and stainless steel composite plate has unsatisfactory weldability, the process is complex in welding construction (such as the inevitable welding heat treatment process or complex processes such as a welding transition layer process and the like in the traditional process can be effectively removed), the quality hidden danger of a welding joint is easy to generate and the like are obviously improved.
3. The method really realizes the operation condition of 'complete cold welding' for avoiding welding heat treatment (for example, a large number of engineering practices prove that the fatigue cracks of medium carbon cast steel with extremely poor weldability are mostly carried out under the temperature condition of minus 20 ℃ for outdoor construction in winter when the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material is adopted for repair welding), the construction process has obvious reproducibility and regularity, and the social and economic benefits of the technology are really embodied.
4. The invention has carried out the welding engineering practice or the welding test verification of high-strength steel structures (Q460, Q550, Q690 and other steel types), high-strength pipeline steel (X70, X80 and other steel types), medium-carbon and low-carbon cast steel (ZG-55, ZG35SiMn, ZG35CrMo ZG42CrMo, ZG270-500 and other steel types), stainless steel composite plates (Gr20Ni10-Q235 steel types). The comprehensive verification result is that the microstructure of the welding joint is integrally optimized, excellent mechanical property of the welding joint is finally obtained, the welding process is optimized and simplified, and the technical confusion of fussy welding process encountered by production and construction units in the current welding engineering industry for many years can be really solved (the invention repeatedly experiences the engineering practice and test verification of medium carbon cast steel cold welding with the most rigorous welding conditions).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a joint of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the joint of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a carbon cast-steel workpiece in example 3 before and after repair welding, wherein the left drawing is before welding and the right drawing is after welding;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a dendritic cell structure morphology of austenite-wrapped martensite formed in a welding fusion area of a ZG35CrMo medium carbon cast steel base material and a Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material;
FIG. 5 is a chemical composition spectrum analysis of a cell structure of a welding fusion area of a ZG35CrMo medium carbon cast steel base material and a Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material;
FIG. 6 is a cross-section of a weld seam of the carbon cast steel in the welding by using the ER50-6 welding material in example 3;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section of a weld bead of a medium carbon cast steel in example 3 welded with a Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the joint of example 4;
FIG. 9 is a cross-section of a weld seam of a cast steel node welded by using ER50-6 welding material in example 4;
FIG. 10 is a cross-section of a weld seam of a cast steel node welded by using Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material in example 4;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the joint of example 5.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The invention has carried out the welding engineering practice or the welding test verification of high-strength steel structures (Q460, Q550, Q690 and other steel types), high-strength pipeline steel (X70, X80 and other steel types), medium-carbon and low-carbon cast steel (ZG-55, ZG35SiMn, ZG35CrMo ZG42CrMo, ZG270-500 and other steel types), stainless steel composite plate members (Gr20Ni10-Q235 steel types). The comprehensive verification result is that the microstructure of the welding joint is integrally optimized, the excellent mechanical property of the welding joint is finally obtained, the welding process is optimized and simplified, and the technical confusion of the production and construction units in the current welding engineering industry for many years can be really solved (the invention repeatedly carries out the engineering practice and test verification of the medium carbon cast steel cold welding with the most rigorous welding conditions, and other low carbon alloy steel types can also be carried out).
Typical examples of the implementation are as follows:
EXAMPLE 1Q690 high-Strength structural Steel welding test
The process parameters and results of example 1 are shown in table 1. The schematic of the junction of example 1 is shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 1
| Mother metal (Steel grade) | Q690 |
| Yield strength | 753MPa |
| Ultimate strength | 792MPa |
| Elongation percentage | 21％ |
| Joint form | Butt joint |
| Bevel edgeAngle (beta) | 45° |
| Cover thickness (a) | 2mm |
| Gap (b) | 2mm |
| Cover extension width (c) | 4mm |
| Parent material thickness (d) | 5mm |
| Others | The two sides of the groove are free from water, rust, oil stain and the like |
| Filling metal (welding material standard) | GB/T29713 |
| Type of welding material | Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GQ (high-strength structural steel special welding material) |
| Specification of welding material | Ф1.2mm |
| Welding gas | Mixed gas ( |
| Welding parameters | Current 210A, voltage 32V |
| Auxiliary process | Free of heat treatmentWorking procedure (No preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, complete cold welding) |
| Test results of welding evaluation | Qualified |
The original high-strength steel welding material and process generally adopt a low-alloy high-strength structural steel welding material for welding, and inevitably adopt a welding heat treatment process to inhibit martensite phase transformation and avoid the generation of welding cold cracks. When the special welding material for the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GQ austenite high-alloy high-strength structural steel is used for welding, a welding heat treatment process (complete cold welding without the measures of preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding and the like) can be omitted, the mechanical property of a welding seam with good toughness and plasticity can be obtained, and the principle of high-quality and high-efficiency welding is met.
Example 2X70 high Strength pipeline Steel welding
The process parameters and results of example 2 are shown in table 2. The schematic of the junction of example 2 is shown in FIG. 2.
TABLE 2
| Mother metal (Steel grade) | X70 |
| Groove form | V-shape |
| Bevel angle (beta) | 54° |
| Truncated edge (p) | 0.5-1.0mm |
| Joint form | Pipe butt joint |
| Gap (b) | 3.5-4.0mm |
| Specification of parent material | Ф1016×17.5mm |
| Filling metal (welding material standard) | GB/T29713 |
| Others | The two sides of the groove are free from water, rust, oil stain and the like |
| Type of welding material | HSCr20Ni10Mn7Si-GX (high-strength pipeline steel special welding material) |
| Specification of welding material | Ф1.2mm |
| Thickness of weld metal | 17.5mm |
| Welding gas | Mixed gas ( |
| Welding parameters | Current 240A, voltage 30V |
| Auxiliary process | Eliminating heat treatment process (no preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, complete cold welding) |
| Test results of welding evaluation | Qualified |
The welding material commonly used in the original X70 pipeline steel welding engineering is an E6010 low-alloy structural steel welding rod, and the microstructure of the welding cladding metal is still in a 'body-centered cubic' lattice type. The welding heat treatment is required to be used as an auxiliary process to inhibit martensite phase transformation and avoid the generation of welding cold cracks, so that the working efficiency is low and the construction cost is high.
Therefore, in the practical process of welding engineering, the problems of quality reliability and overall mechanical performance (safety margin storage) of the high-strength pipeline steel welding joint, construction efficiency and cost control and the like still need to pass through a high-quality and high-efficiency welding technology, and a technical key and an important bottleneck to be solved are urgently needed.
The welding material special for the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GX austenite high-alloy high-strength pipeline steel is adopted for welding, so that the welding heat treatment process (measures such as preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding and the like are not needed) can be eliminated, the welding is completely cold-welded, the mechanical properties of a welding seam with good toughness and plasticity are obtained, and the principle of high-quality and high-efficiency welding is met.
Example 3ZG35CrMo Medium carbon cast steel welding
In the embodiment, the on-line welding repair (digging repair welding) is carried out, namely, the support wheel of the rotary kiln of the Pan stone Jidong cement Limited company is used as a stressed structural member bearing dynamic load for a long time, and the fatigue failure of the cast metal (base metal) is locally generated under the repeated action of alternating stress. And (4) removing the crack defects by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode and then performing repair welding. The specific process parameters and results of this example are shown in Table 3. The schematic diagram of the medium carbon cast steel workpiece before and after repair welding is shown in fig. 3, wherein the left diagram is before welding, and the right diagram is after welding.
TABLE 3
| Mother metal (Steel grade) | ZG35CrMo |
| Standard of welding material | Conforms to GB/T29713 |
| Type of welding material | Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG (Special welding material for cast steel) |
| Specification of welding material | Ф1. |
| Welding gas | |
| 80% of argon and 20% of carbon dioxide (mixed gas) | |
| Welding parameters | Current 270A, voltage 33V |
| Structural reinforcement | Steel skeleton welded inside groove |
| Others | No water, rust, oil stain and the like in the groove |
| Welding parameters | Current 240A, voltage 33V |
| Auxiliary process | Eliminating heat treatment process (no preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, complete cold welding) |
| Welding results | Qualified |
In this example, a scanning electron microscope image of the morphology of the dendritic cell structure of austenite-coated martensite formed in the weld-fused region of the carbon cast steel base material ZG35CrMo and the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG weld material is shown in FIG. 4, and a chemical composition spectrum analysis of the cell structure of the weld-fused region of the carbon cast steel base material ZG35CrMo and the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG weld material is shown in FIG. 5.
The 'welding fusion zone' of the welding material and the base material is a weak link of welding seam metal, and belongs to a typical dissimilar steel welding area. The invention also comprises the special function of high-component Mn alloy elements in the austenite welding material with high chromium and nickel components, thereby generating good effect beneficial to welding metallurgical reaction. Although both Mn and Ni are austenite forming elements (promoting the formation of a face-centered cubic crystal structure), the action mechanism and the form and the strength of the austenite structure formed by Mn and Ni are greatly different when a fusion area is under the condition of 'nonequilibrium solidification' which is peculiar to welding metallurgy in the welding process. Scanning electron microscopic microstructure observation and energy spectrum composition analysis show that the final microstructure of the welding fusion zone has obvious characteristics of dendritic segregation (shown in figures 4 and 5). That is, the austenite structure with the inter-dendrite distribution as the "post-crystallization solid phase", and the martensite structure with the intra-dendrite distribution as the "pre-crystallization solid phase" (i.e., the base material in the welding fusion zone is influenced by the components of ferrite forming elements with high Cr component in the welding material, and the previously precipitated alpha-Fe with body-centered cubic lattice and the pro-eutectoid ferrite based on the alpha-Fe are phase-transformed during the cooling process), which presents the beneficial cellular microstructure morphology of dendritic crystal with alternately distributed ductile and brittle phases. Under the specific condition that the martensite structure with high brittleness and high hardness is wrapped by the austenite structure with excellent toughness, the possibility that the martensite structure promotes the generation and the propagation of welding cold cracks (namely, the cellular microstructure of dendritic crystals forms the special function of a safety barrier) is greatly reduced. Further quantitative analysis of the spectral composition also showed that the percentage of Mn precipitated (58.0%) was much greater than the percentage of Ni precipitated (34.8%). This shows that the high Mn component in the welding material is more likely to generate local enrichment at the grain boundary during the liquid-solid transformation in the condensation process of the welding fusion region, which promotes the formation of the austenite structure in this region, and wraps the martensite structure (phase transformation product affected by the base material composition) therebetween, thereby significantly optimizing and improving the microstructure of the welding fusion region, effectively weakening the embrittlement effect of the martensite structure on the metal in the welding fusion region and its adverse effect (the welding fusion region belongs to the relative "links" of the weld metal in the welding process of dissimilar steel), and finally reducing the cold crack sensitivity of the weld metal and improving the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
Welding of medium carbon cast steels (ZG-55, ZG35SiMn, ZG35CrMo, ZG42CrMo, etc.) is a more prominent problem of poor weldability. Because the carbon content of the base material is high, the cast steel workpiece has large volume and high cooling speed, how to prevent welding cracks (welding cold cracks) caused by the brittle and hard martensite phase transformation in the welding process is a key technology which must be solved by implementing a 'repair welding' method.
The comparative test results of the welding cracks of the medium carbon cast steel of different welding materials are shown in the table 6:
TABLE 635 CrMo oblique Y groove weld crack test (Cold crack sensitivity)
Test condition 1 in table 6 is that ER50-6 welding material is used to weld medium carbon cast steel, the cross section of the welding seam is shown in fig. 6, and there is a through crack (direct fracture); test condition 2 was the welding of the medium carbon cast steel with the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material, and the cross section of the weld was as shown in FIG. 7, and no cross-sectional crack was observed.
Example 4: cast steel joint welding
This example is a diagonal Y-groove weld crack (cold crack susceptibility) test. The specific parameters and processes are shown in Table 7, and the schematic diagram of the joint is shown in FIG. 8.
TABLE 7
| Mother metal (Steel grade) | ZG300-500H |
| Others | The weldment has no water, rust, oil stain and the like |
| Filling metal (welding material standard) | GB/T29713 |
| Type of welding material | Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG (Special welding material for cast steel) |
| Specification of welding material | Ф1.2mm |
| Welding gas | Mixed gas ( |
| Welding parameters | Current 230A, voltage 29V |
| Auxiliary process | Eliminating heat treatment process (no preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, complete cold welding) |
| Results of the welding test | Qualification (no crack on the welded section) |
When the special welding material for Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG cast steel is adopted to directly weld, all original technical obstacles are eliminated, the 'complete cold welding' operation of a welding heat treatment process can be avoided, the welding process is simplified, and meanwhile, the quality of a welding joint is improved.
The comparative test results of the cast steel joint welding cracks of different welding materials are shown in the table 8:
TABLE 8 ZG300-500H oblique Y groove weld crack test (Cold crack sensitivity)
In table 8, test condition 1 is that ER50-6 welding material is used to weld cast steel nodes, the cross section of the welding seam is shown in fig. 9, and a small amount of cracks (close to the root of the welding seam) exist; the test condition 2 is that the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG welding material is used for welding cast steel nodes, the welding seam section is shown in figure 10, and no section crack is found.
Example 5: welding of stainless steel composite plates
The welding parameters of this example are shown in Table 9, and the schematic view of the joint is shown in FIG. 11.
TABLE 9
The welding material and process of the original stainless steel composite plate usually adopt the traditional Cr24Ni13 high alloy welding material for 'dissimilar steel welding' to weld a 'transition layer' on the surface of a welding seam of a carbon steel base material, and then adopt the Cr20Ni10 stainless steel welding material to weld a stainless steel multi-layer steel plate.
In addition to the complicated process, the prior art also has the defect of high hot crack sensitivity (caused by the precipitation of low-melting-point sulfide) in the welding process of the Cr24Ni13 high-alloy welding material.
The special welding material for welding the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH stainless steel composite plate can obviously reduce the quantity of low-melting-point iron sulfide and the action of spheroidizing sulfide due to the contained high Mn alloy components, thereby inhibiting the generation of 'welding hot cracks'. Therefore, the welding is directly carried out by the Cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH special welding material, and the transition layer is not required to be welded by the Cr24Ni13 welding material. The invention optimizes and simplifies the welding process, not only has good effect, but also saves working hours and reduces cost.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The special welding material for the austenitic high-alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following alloy elements: 0.04-0.14% of C, 0.65-1.0% of Si, Mn: 6.5% -8.0%, Cr: 18.5% -22.0%, Ni: 8.0% -10.7%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mo: less than or equal to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
2. The use of the special austenitic high alloy steel welding material according to claim 1 for welding high strength steel structures, high strength pipeline steel, medium or low carbon cast steel and stainless steel composite panels.
3. The application of the special welding material for the austenitic high-alloy steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the special welding material for the austenitic high-alloy steel is divided into four specific types according to specific different technical fields of welding engineering application: cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GQ, namely a special welding material for high-strength structural steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-GX, namely a special welding material for high-strength pipeline steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-ZG, which is a special welding material for medium-carbon or low-carbon cast steel; cr20Ni10Mn7Si-FH, namely a special welding material for stainless steel composite plates.
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