CN113142421B - Premix feed and compound feed for channel catfish - Google Patents
Premix feed and compound feed for channel catfish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a channel catfish premix feed and a compound feed, which belong to the technical field of aquatic nutrition and comprise the following components in parts by weight: 80-150 parts of ferrous fumarate, 60-120 parts of zinc lactate, 25.35-75.28 parts of yeast selenium, 0-300 parts of yeast metabolite, 0-40 parts of compound enzyme preparation and 378.16-673.24 parts of rice hull powder. The production performance of the channel catfish can be improved; the inosinic acid content is improved, the volatile basic nitrogen content is reduced, and the fish meat quality is improved; reducing malondialdehyde content in serum, and improving superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity; and the colony number of the escherichia coli can be obviously reduced, meanwhile, the colony number of the lactobacillus is obviously improved, and the intestinal flora of the channel catfish is regulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic nutrition, and particularly relates to a channel catfish premix feed and a compound feed.
Background
The channel catfish has the advantages of wide application range, quick growth, omnivorous, easy cultivation, high yield per unit, high catching rate, good meat quality, rich nutrition, high meat yield, easy processing and the like, and is deeply favored by consumers. The fish strain is introduced from the United states for the first time in 1984, is popularized to various places in the country soon, develops into dominant farmed fish, and is one of main fresh water varieties for processing export and creating foreign exchange.
However, bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases of the channel catfish are also increasingly prominent, and the development of the channel catfish breeding industry is seriously hindered. In the past, chemical medicines such as antibiotics and the like are mainly used for preventing diseases and promoting growth in the cultivation process, and the use of the medicines causes a series of serious problems such as the increase of drug-resistant strains, environmental pollution, medicine residues, food safety and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a channel catfish premixed feed and a compound feed, which solve a series of important problems of disease prevention, growth promotion, drug-resistant strain increase, environmental pollution, drug residue, food safety and the like caused by using chemical drugs such as antibiotics in the prior art.
The invention provides a channel catfish premix feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-150 parts of ferrous fumarate, 60-120 parts of zinc lactate, 25.35-75.28 parts of yeast selenium, 0-300 parts of yeast metabolite, 0-40 parts of compound enzyme preparation and 378.16-673.24 parts of rice hull powder.
Further, the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of ferrous fumarate, 90.34 parts of zinc lactate, 45.3 parts of yeast selenium, 200 parts of yeast metabolite, 10 parts of a compound enzyme preparation and 554.36 parts of rice hull powder.
Further, the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of ferrous fumarate, 90.34 parts of zinc lactate, 45.3 parts of yeast selenium, 200 parts of yeast metabolite and 554.36 parts of rice hull powder.
Further, the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: ferrous fumarate 100g, zinc lactate 90.34g, yeast selenium 45.3g and rice hull powder 764.36g.
The compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of mixed feed, 15-28 parts of imported fish meal, 18-32 parts of bean pulp, 4-12 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 17-35 parts of flour, 7-21 parts of fine bran, 1.2-4.4 parts of soybean oil, 1.3-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.04-0.30 part of salt, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.08-0.28 part of choline chloride, 0.5-2.5 parts of phospholipid, 0.08-0.28 part of mildew preventive, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix and 1-5 parts of trace element premix.
Further, the compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of mixed feed, 20 parts of imported fish meal, 22 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of cotton seed meal, 25 parts of flour, 10.23 parts of fine bran, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 1 part of phospholipid, 0.12 part of mildew preventive, 0.3 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of trace element premix.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the premixed feed consists of ferrous fumarate, zinc lactate, yeast selenium, an enzyme preparation and yeast metabolite rice hull powder. Also provided is a compound feed containing the premix feed. The compound feed can improve the production performance of the channel catfish; the inosinic acid content is improved, the volatile basic nitrogen content is reduced, and the fish meat quality is improved; reducing malondialdehyde content in serum, and improving superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity; the colony quantity of the escherichia coli can be obviously reduced, meanwhile, the colony quantity of the lactobacillus is obviously improved, and the intestinal flora of the channel catfish is regulated;
2. the survival rate and the growth speed of the channel catfish are improved, and the feed return is improved by 3.66%;
3. the content of malondialdehyde in the channel catfish serum is reduced, and the content of superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity is improved;
4. the number of escherichia coli in the intestinal contents of the channel catfish is reduced, and the number of lactobacillus is increased;
5. the inosinic acid content of the channel catfish is improved, the volatile basic nitrogen content is reduced, and the fish quality is improved.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., or directions or positional relationships in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, or directions or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the two components can be mechanically connected, can be directly connected or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with each other. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a channel catfish premix feed and a compound feed, which comprise the following components:
20% of imported fish meal, 22% of bean pulp, 8% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cotton pulp, 25% of flour, 10.23% of fine bran, 3% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15% of salt, 0.2% of methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of phospholipid, 0.12% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of vitamin premix, 3% of trace element premix and 0.3% of channel catfish premix.
Each kilogram of the channel catfish premix feed comprises the following components: 100g of ferrous fumarate, 90.34g of zinc lactate, 45.3g of yeast selenium, 0g of yeast metabolite, 0g of complex enzyme preparation and 764.36g of rice hull powder.
Example 2
This embodiment mode is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and discloses the following modifications on the basis of embodiment mode 1:
20% of imported fish meal, 22% of bean pulp, 8% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cotton pulp, 25% of flour, 10.23% of fine bran, 3% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15% of salt, 0.2% of methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of phospholipid, 0.12% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of vitamin premix, 3% of trace element premix and 0.3% of channel catfish premix.
Each kilogram of the channel catfish premix feed comprises the following components: 100g of ferrous fumarate, 90.34g of zinc lactate, 45.3g of yeast selenium, 200g of yeast metabolite, 0g of complex enzyme preparation and 564.36g of rice hull powder.
Example 3
This embodiment mode is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and discloses the following modifications on the basis of embodiment mode 1:
20% of imported fish meal, 22% of bean pulp, 8% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cotton pulp, 25% of flour, 10.23% of fine bran, 3% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15% of salt, 0.2% of methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of phospholipid, 0.12% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of vitamin premix, 3% of trace element premix and 0.3% of channel catfish premix.
Each kilogram of the channel catfish premix feed comprises the following components: 100g of ferrous fumarate, 90.34g of zinc lactate, 45.3g of yeast selenium, 200g of yeast metabolite, 10g of complex enzyme preparation and 554.36g of rice hull powder.
Example 4 feeding test
A single factor test design was used. Healthy, uniform, 1200 channel catfish tails with an initial weight of about 150g were selected, and the average split into 4 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment, 100 replicates per treatment, and 1 replicate per cage. After 7 days of pre-feeding, 57 days of formal testing was performed. The channel catfish diet for each treatment group was as follows: test group 1 is the example 1 formula diet, test group 2 is the example 2 formula diet, and test group 3 is the example 3 formula diet. The diet formula of the control group is as follows:
20% of imported fish meal, 22% of bean pulp, 8% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cotton pulp, 25% of flour, 10.23% of fine bran, 3% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15% of salt, 0.2% of methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of phospholipid, 0.12% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of vitamin premix, 3% of trace element premix and 0.3% of inorganic premix feed.
Each kilogram of inorganic premixed feed contains: 58g of zinc sulfate, 100g of ferrous sulfate, 60g of sodium selenite and 782g of rice hull powder.
And weighing the weight of the fish in each net cage when the test is grouped and finished, recording daily feeding amount by taking the net cage as a unit, and calculating growth performance indexes such as bait taking amount, weight gain, bait coefficient and the like. Daily observations and records of the health status and death of each repeated fish were made, and the mortality was calculated. Sampling after the growth test is finished. The vein was sampled near the tail fin with a vacuum blood collection tube, and 5 fish were collected for each treatment. The blood was allowed to stand for 3 hours and centrifuged to prepare serum to measure the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels. After the fish meat is chopped and stirred uniformly, the content of volatile basic nitrogen, heavy metal ions and creatinine is detected.
Cutting off the two ends of the intestinal canal and the content of the fish by using a sterilizing scissors on a sterile operation table, taking the middle part and cutting. 2g of the intestinal contents were taken in a sterile procedure for determining the total bacterial, lactobacillus and E.coli amounts in the intestinal contents. The total and lactic acid bacteria amounts are expressed as log lg (CFU/g) of the total bacterial colony count per gram of faeces, and the e.coli amounts are referred to e.coli group MPN search.
TABLE 1 survival and growth Properties
The same letter shoulder-notes of the same row of data indicate that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05); the same row of data is shouldered with different lower case letters indicating significant differences (P < 0.05), as follows.
As can be seen from Table 1, the mixed feed and the channel catfish premix feed provided in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to feeding test, and compared with the control group, the productivity of channel catfish was improved, wherein the effect of the test 3 group was the best up to a significant level (P < 0.05), the survival rate was improved by 4.3%, the growth rate was improved by 10.27%, and the feed return was improved by 3.66%.
TABLE 2 serum Biochemical index
As can be seen from Table 2, the mixed feed provided in examples 1 to 3 and the channel catfish premix feed were used for feeding test, and compared with the control group, T-AOC, SOD, GPX and GSH were significantly improved, and MDA was significantly reduced, wherein the effect of the test 3 group was the best achieved to a significant level (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum alkaline phosphatase of the test 1 group and the serum alkaline phosphatase of the test 3 group are obviously higher than those of the control group, and the AKP directly participates in the transfer and metabolism of phosphate groups in vivo, so that the absorption of intestinal epithelial cells on nutrient substances is facilitated, and the improvement of the absorption capacity of the channel catfish is suggested to be facilitated by the test 1 group and the test 3 group.
Table 3 meat quality
As can be seen from Table 3, the mixed feed and the channel catfish premix feed provided in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to feeding test, and compared with the control group, the inosinic acid (IMP) content was significantly increased in each of the test 1 group, the test 2 group and the test 3 group, which indicated that the 3 groups were capable of improving the fish flavor, and particularly the test 3 group was excellent in effect. Meanwhile, compared with a control group, the volatile basic nitrogen content of the fresh sample and the frozen sample (frozen for 14 days) is obviously reduced, so that the compound feed and the channel catfish premix feed provided in the examples 1-3 can improve the freshness of fish meat. In addition, the lead content in the muscles of treatment 2, 3 and 4 groups is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the compound feed and the channel catfish premix feed provided in the examples 1-3 are beneficial to guaranteeing the safety of channel catfish meat.
TABLE 4 intestinal colony count
As can be seen from Table 3, the compound feeds and the channel catfish premix feeds provided in examples 1 to 3 were used for feeding test, and compared with the control group, the total number of intestinal colony of channel catfish in test 2 group and test 3 group had no significant effect, but the number of colony of Escherichia coli was significantly reduced, and the number of colony of Lactobacillus was significantly increased. Among them, the test 3 group had the highest colony count.
In conclusion, the premixed feed and the compound feed provided by the invention can improve the production performance of the channel catfish; the inosinic acid content is improved, the volatile basic nitrogen content is reduced, and the fish meat quality is improved; reducing malondialdehyde content in serum, and improving superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity; and the colony number of the escherichia coli can be obviously reduced, meanwhile, the colony number of the lactobacillus is obviously improved, and the intestinal flora of the channel catfish is regulated.
The invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and any person who may derive other various forms of products in the light of the present invention, however, any changes in shape or structure thereof, all falling within the technical solutions defined in the scope of the claims of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The channel catfish compound feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of mixed feed, 15-28 parts of imported fish meal, 18-32 parts of bean pulp, 4-12 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 17-35 parts of flour, 7-21 parts of fine bran, 1.2-4.4 parts of soybean oil, 1.3-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.04-0.30 part of salt, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine, 0.08-0.28 part of choline chloride, 0.5-2.5 parts of phospholipid, 0.08-0.28 part of mildew preventive, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix and 1-5 parts of trace element premix;
the mixed feed comprises 80-150 parts of ferrous fumarate, 60-120 parts of zinc lactate, 25.35-75.28 parts of yeast selenium, 0-300 parts of yeast metabolite, 0-40 parts of compound enzyme preparation and 378.16-673.24 parts of rice hull powder.
2. The channel catfish compound feed of claim 1, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of ferrous fumarate, 90.34 parts of zinc lactate, 45.3 parts of yeast selenium, 200 parts of yeast metabolite, 10 parts of a compound enzyme preparation and 554.36 parts of rice hull powder.
3. The channel catfish compound feed of claim 1, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of ferrous fumarate, 90.34 parts of zinc lactate, 45.3 parts of yeast selenium, 200 parts of yeast metabolite and 554.36 parts of rice hull powder.
4. The channel catfish compound feed of claim 1, wherein the mixed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: ferrous fumarate 100g, zinc lactate 90.34g, yeast selenium 45.3g and rice hull powder 764.36g.
5. The channel catfish compound feed of claim 1, wherein the compound feed comprises 0.3 part of the feed, 20 parts of imported fish meal, 22 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 25 parts of flour, 10.23 parts of fine bran, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 1 part of phospholipid, 0.12 part of a mildew preventive, 0.3 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of trace element premix.
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| CN103907790A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-09 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Mineral substance premix feed for young meat rabbits as well as preparation method and application of mineral substance premix feed |
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