CN113141795B - Mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas and a working method thereof, wherein the working head structure comprises a frame arranged on a traction device, a roll shaft is movably arranged on the frame, one end of the roll shaft is connected with a hydraulic transmission system, a cutter holder is sleeved on the roll shaft, a cutter is arranged on the cutter holder, and the heights of the roll shaft and the transmission system can be adjusted; the two ends of the frame and the rear of the frame are provided with material collecting openings, and the material collecting openings are provided with guard plates. The working method based on the working head can effectively improve the working efficiency, is convenient to maintain and adjust, lightens the labor intensity, and further improves the mechanization degree of the working in hilly and mountain areas.

Description

Mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas and working method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of agriculture, forestry and grasslands, in particular to a mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas and a working method thereof.

Background

In the processes of forest tending, forestation soil preparation, bamboo forest cultivation and orchard soil loosening and weeding, irrigation and rotary tillage operations are indispensable, and most of operations can be completed by applying engineering excavators and agricultural rotary tillage machines under the working conditions of flat areas and advantages at present in order to complete shrub weed removal, farmland, harrowing and land leveling operations. However, in the process of barren forestation, forestation without forestation, manual updating of the land, cultivation of bamboo forests and soil preparation of an orchard under the condition of hilly and mountain land with a slope of more than 25 degrees, small machines and manual operation are still the main materials.

Meanwhile, the soil is influenced by multiple factors such as soil characteristics, climate characteristics, vegetation types and the like, and the tillage modes of the forest areas are different in different areas. Especially for the conditions that the topography of hilly and mountain areas is complex, the operation field is irregular, other matches are lack, and the like, the common engineering excavator and the agricultural rotary cultivator are difficult to climb up the hill, and the small machine is lack of pertinence, inconvenient adjustment and low in use efficiency, thereby indirectly improving the cost of forest area operation, even being inorganic and usable, and causing the problems of high labor intensity, insufficient labor force, low working efficiency and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mechanical irrigation and rotary tillage working head for hilly and mountain areas and a working method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of the prior art, are suitable for irrigation and rotary tillage in the hilly and mountain areas with complex topography and irregular working sites, and are convenient to work and high in efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

the invention provides a mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain lands, which comprises a frame arranged on a traction device, wherein a roll shaft is movably arranged on the frame, one end of the roll shaft is connected with a transmission system, a cutter holder is sleeved on the roll shaft, a cutter is arranged on the cutter holder, and the heights of the roll shaft and the transmission system can be adjusted; the two ends of the frame and the rear of the frame are provided with material collecting openings, and the material collecting openings are provided with guard plates.

Optionally, the roller is evenly sleeved with a plurality of disc-type tool holders, each tool holder is annularly provided with a plurality of tool mounting positions so as to be suitable for tool mounting with different numbers and angles, and the tools can adopt rotary tillage tools or irrigation removing tools.

Optionally, the frame comprises an upper guard plate, two ends of the upper guard plate are fixedly connected with a left side plate and a right side plate respectively, the lower ends of the inner sides of the left side plate and the right side plate are connected with a rear carriage respectively, an opening is formed in the middle of the rear carriage, and a triangular guard plate is arranged at the opening; the left side sliding groove is formed in the left side plate, the right side sliding groove is formed in the right side plate, two ends of the roll shaft penetrate through the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove respectively, and the roll shaft can be adjusted and fixed in the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove in an up-and-down moving mode.

Optionally, the outer sides of the left side plate and the right side plate are fixedly provided with ear plates, through holes are formed in the ear plates, threaded rods penetrate through the through holes, the threaded rods are arranged at two ends of the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove, and the threaded rods are fixedly connected with the ear plates through upper nuts above the through holes; a bearing seat is arranged at the lower part of the threaded rod at the left side plate in a penetrating way, and a lower nut in threaded connection with the threaded rod at the left side plate is arranged at the outer bottom of the bearing seat; the lower part of the threaded rod positioned at the right side plate is provided with a hydraulic motor tray in a penetrating way, and the outer bottom of the hydraulic motor tray is provided with a lower nut in threaded connection with the threaded rod positioned at the right side plate; the hydraulic motor is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic motor tray, the hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the roll shaft, and one end, far away from the hydraulic motor, of the roll shaft is assembled on the bearing seat through a bearing.

Optionally, the blade holder is disc type structure, the mounting groove has been seted up on the circumference lateral wall of blade holder, even symmetry ring is equipped with round circular arc hole on the both sides face of blade holder, the base of cutter is inserted and is located in the mounting groove, just the connecting hole has been seted up on the base of cutter, wear to be equipped with lock nut in the circular arc hole, lock nut is used for passing the connecting hole will the cutter base with blade holder fixed connection.

Optionally, the outer sides below the left side plate and the right side plate are connected with limiting plates through bolts, grass winding preventing plates are arranged between the two limiting plates, a plurality of grids are uniformly arranged on the grass winding preventing plates, the limiting plates and the grass winding preventing plates are positioned below the roll shafts, and a cutter on the roll shafts can penetrate through the grids on the grass winding preventing plates; the limiting plate is characterized in that the middle of the limiting plate is provided with a groove, the side walls at two ends of the limiting plate are uniformly provided with a plurality of bolt holes arranged in the vertical direction, and bolts used for being fixedly connected with the left side plate or the right side plate are arranged in the bolt holes in a penetrating mode.

Optionally, a spring is disposed on the threaded rod, and the spring is located between the ear plate and the hydraulic motor tray, or the spring is located between the ear plate and the bearing seat.

Optionally, the upper guard plate comprises a first guard plate and a second guard plate, the second guard plate is of a double-layer plate structure with a gap, one end of the first guard plate is fixedly connected with the left side plate, the other end of the first guard plate is movably arranged in the gap of the second guard plate in a penetrating manner, and one end, far away from the first guard plate, of the second guard plate is fixedly connected with the right side plate; the upper part of the second guard plate is hinged with a hydraulic oil cylinder which is horizontally arranged, and the tail end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is hinged with the upper part of the first guard plate.

Optionally, the hydraulic motor tray is inside cavity and top and outside open-ended cube structure, hydraulic motor tray both sides wall top level is provided with symmetrical connection flange, set up on the connection flange and be used for wearing to establish the through-hole of threaded rod, the hydraulic motor tray is close to offer the shaft hole on the lateral wall of right side board, roller one end passes the shaft hole with be located hydraulic motor transmission on the hydraulic motor tray is connected.

The invention also provides a working method of the mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas, which comprises the following steps:

step one, installing a required cutter structure, an installation angle and a clearance of a cutter according to different operation requirements, disassembling and assembling the grass winding prevention plate according to requirements, adjusting the operation width and the operation depth according to different operation environments, and installing a working head on a power chassis after the adjustment is completed;

step two, removing irrigation operation, namely opening a triangular guard plate on the rear carriage, and installing a required cutter in a cutter installation mode of presenting opposite directions from two ends of a roll shaft to the center; the power chassis drives the working head to perform the irrigation operation;

step three, general rotary tillage operation, namely changing the type of a rotary tillage cutter, the installation angle and the cutter clearance according to different operation demands, wherein the cutter is installed on a cutter holder in different spiral line modes according to different material conveying directions;

step four, performing horizontal step soil preparation operation, namely carrying out rotary tillage on an operation area twice, wherein a rotary tillage working head is arranged on a power chassis in front, and cutter gaps are arranged according to the minimum; firstly, manually opening a horizontal initial position of 2m x 2m along the direction of each contour line, driving a working head to work downwards from the mountain top by a power chassis, discharging soil to one side in the mountain bottom direction while loosening the soil, accumulating soil required for ridging, and processing horizontal steps; and carrying out rotary tillage for the second time, evenly distributing soil according to a hierarchy level, leveling the ground surface, and further enlarging the tillage depth and loosening the soil.

Step five, soil is taken and classified in layers, the tilling depth is quickly adjusted according to the thickness of local surface soil, raw soil and cooked soil layers, and rotary cultivator cutters are arranged according to the requirement of discharging soil to one side.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the invention realizes mechanized rotary tillage and irrigation operation based on hilly and mountain areas, conveniently adjusts the operation width and the operation depth, conveniently adjusts the installation interval, angle and quantity of the cutters, and simultaneously has a roll shaft vibration reduction and overload protection device and a grid type grass winding prevention device, thereby realizing one machine with multiple purposes. The working efficiency can be effectively improved, the maintenance and adjustment are convenient, the labor intensity is lightened, and the mechanization degree of the operation in hilly and mountainous areas is further improved. The working depth is adjusted by the height of the limiting plate and the height of the roll shaft. The limiting plates are positioned at the lower parts of the two side walls and are connected to the frame through bolts, and a plurality of rows of mounting bolts are used for limiting the tilling depth; the spring has the function that when rotary tillage operation occurs in areas with complex geology and hard stones are randomly distributed in soil, and when the roller shaft cutter contacts with the stone and cannot continue rotating, the spring is compressed under the action of upward sudden increase load, and the roller shaft moves upwards to avoid the stone position and perform overload protection operation; the working width is adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder. The left side of the upper guard plate is a single layer, the right side is a double layer, the left side is inserted into a gap between the two sides of the right side during installation, the width is adjusted under the drive of a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the purpose of adjusting the operation width is achieved by disassembling and assembling the tool apron.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the mechanized rotary tillage head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountainous areas of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the mechanized rotary tillage head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountainous areas of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the hydraulic Ma Datuo disk structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tool holder according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting of the tool holder and the roll shaft according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the tool, tool holder and roller mounting of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the rotary tillage cutter and the tool holder of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the mounting of the irrigation cutting tool and the tool holder of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the rotary tillage cutter according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the irrigation cutting tool of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the connection of a limiting plate and a weeding plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the working state of the cutter and the grass winding preventing plate according to the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the connection position of the grid and the connector of the grass winding preventing plate;

the mechanical irrigation rotary tillage working head for hilly and mountain lands is 100, wherein a hydraulic cylinder is 1, a right side plate is 2, an upper guard plate is 3, an ear plate is 4, an upper nut is 5, a through hole is 6, a spring is 7, a threaded rod is 8, a lower nut is 9, a hydraulic motor tray is 10, a rear carriage is 11, a triangular guard plate is 12, a bearing seat is 13, a roll shaft is 14, a knife seat is 15, a left side sliding groove is 16, a rotary tillage knife tool is 17, a locking nut is 18, a irrigation knife tool is 19, an arc hole is 20, a left side plate is 21, a left side collecting opening plate is 22, a right side collecting opening plate is 23, a right side sliding groove is 24, a lifting ring is 25, a hydraulic motor is 26, a limiting plate is 27, a grass winding prevention plate is 28, a connector is 29, and a soil indication is 30.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention aims to provide a mechanical irrigation and rotary tillage working head for hilly and mountain areas and a working method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of the prior art, are suitable for irrigation and rotary tillage in the hilly and mountain areas with complex topography and irregular working sites, and are convenient to work and high in efficiency.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1-14, the invention provides a mechanized rotary tillage working head 100 for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain lands, which comprises a frame arranged on a traction device, wherein a roll shaft 14 is movably arranged on the frame, one end of the roll shaft 14 is connected with a transmission system, a cutter holder 15 is sleeved on the roll shaft 14, a cutter is arranged on the cutter holder 15, and the heights of the roll shaft 14 and the transmission system can be adjusted; both ends of the frame and the rear of the frame are provided with material collecting openings, detachable guard plates are arranged on the material collecting openings, the rear material collecting openings are protected by the triangular guard plates 12 at ordinary times, the material collecting openings at both ends are arranged on side plates at both ends of the frame, and the material collecting openings are protected by the left material collecting opening plate 22 and the right material collecting opening plate 23 at ordinary times. The roll shaft 14 is uniformly sleeved with a plurality of knife holders 15, and each knife holder 15 is provided with a plurality of knives in a ring, wherein the knives are rotary tillage knives 17 or irrigation removing knives 19.

Specifically, the frame comprises an upper guard plate 3, the two ends of the upper guard plate 3 are respectively and fixedly connected with a left side plate 21 and a right side plate 2, and hanging rings 25 are arranged above the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 2, so that the lifting and the moving and the transportation are facilitated; the lower ends of the inner sides of the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 2 are respectively connected with a rear carriage 11, an opening is arranged in the middle of the rear carriage 11, and a triangular guard plate 12 is arranged at the opening; the left side plate 21 is provided with a left side sliding groove 16, the right side plate 2 is provided with a right side sliding groove 24, two ends of the roll shaft 14 respectively penetrate through the left side sliding groove 16 and the right side sliding groove 24, and the roll shaft 14 can move up and down in the left side sliding groove 16 and the right side sliding groove 24. The upper guard plate 3 comprises a first guard plate and a second guard plate, the second guard plate is of a double-layer plate-shaped structure with a gap, one end of the first guard plate is fixedly connected with the left side plate 21, the other end of the first guard plate is movably arranged in the gap of the second guard plate in a penetrating manner, and one end, far away from the first guard plate, of the second guard plate is fixedly connected with the right side plate 2; the top of the second guard plate is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder 1 which is horizontally arranged, and the tail end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is hinged with the top of the first guard plate. The operation width is adjusted by the hydraulic oil cylinder 1, the width is adjusted under the drive of the hydraulic oil cylinder 1, and the purpose of adjusting the operation width is achieved by disassembling and assembling the tool apron 15.

Further preferably, the outer sides of the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 2 are fixedly provided with an ear plate 4, the ear plate 4 is provided with a through hole 6, a threaded rod 8 is penetrated in the through hole 6, a plurality of threaded rods 8 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the left side sliding groove 16 and the right side sliding groove 24, and the threaded rod 8 is fixedly connected with the ear plate 4 through an upper nut 5 positioned above the through hole 6; the lower part of the threaded rod 8 positioned at the left side plate 21 is provided with a bearing seat 13 in a penetrating way, and the outer bottom of the bearing seat 13 is provided with a lower nut 9 in threaded connection with the threaded rod 8 positioned at the left side plate 21; a hydraulic motor tray 10 is arranged at the lower part of the threaded rod 8 positioned at the right side plate 2 in a penetrating way, a lower nut 9 which is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 8 positioned at the right side plate 2 is arranged at the outer bottom part of the hydraulic motor tray 10, a spring 7 is arranged on the threaded rod 8 in a penetrating way, and the spring 7 is positioned between the ear plate 4 and the hydraulic motor tray 10 or the spring 7 is positioned between the ear plate 4 and the bearing seat 13; the hydraulic motor tray 10 is fixedly provided with a hydraulic motor 26, the hydraulic motor 26 is in transmission connection with a roll shaft 14, and one end, far away from the hydraulic motor 26, of the roll shaft 14 is arranged on the bearing seat 13 through a bearing. The working depth is adjusted by the height of the limiting plate 27 and the height of the roller shaft 14. The limiting plates 27 are located at the lower parts of the two side walls and are connected to the frame through bolts, and a plurality of rows of mounting bolts are used for limiting the cultivation depth. The hydraulic motor and the bearing seat 13 are respectively arranged at two ends of the roll shaft 14, the roll shaft 14 mounting groove is processed on the side wall of the machine frame to limit the front-back linear motion of the roll shaft 14, the threaded rod 8, the nut, the spring 7 and the lug plate 4 limit the up-down linear motion of the roll shaft 14, and meanwhile, the distance between the roll shaft 14 and the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the nut to adjust the tilling depth. The spring 7 has the function that when rotary tillage occurs in areas with complex geology and hard stones are randomly distributed in soil, and when the cutter of the roll shaft 14 contacts with the stone and cannot continue to rotate, the spring 7 is compressed under the action of upward sudden increase load, and the roll shaft 14 moves upwards to avoid the stone position and perform overload protection operation.

The tool apron 15 is of a disc type structure, a mounting groove is formed in the circumferential side wall of the tool apron 15, circular arc holes 20 are uniformly and symmetrically formed in two side faces of the tool apron 15 in a ring mode, a base of the tool is of a sheet type, the base of the tool is inserted into the mounting groove, a connecting hole is formed in the base of the tool, a locking nut penetrates through the circular arc holes 20, and the locking nut is used for penetrating through the connecting hole and fixedly connecting the base of the tool with the tool apron 15. The cutter is mounted on the cutter holder 15 through the lock nut 18, and the inclination angle and the mounting angle of the cutter can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting position of the lock nut 18 on the circular arc hole 20. The outer sides below the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 2 are connected with limiting plates 27 through bolts, grass winding preventing plates 28 are arranged between the two limiting plates 27, a plurality of grids are uniformly arranged on the grass winding preventing plates 28, the limiting plates 27 and the grass winding plates are positioned below the roll shafts 14, and cutters on the roll shafts 14 can penetrate through the grids on the grass winding preventing plates 28; the middle part of the limiting plate 27 is provided with a groove, the side walls at two ends of the limiting plate 27 are uniformly provided with a plurality of vertically arranged bolt holes, and bolts fixedly connected with the left side plate 21 or the right side plate 2 are arranged in the bolt holes in a penetrating manner. The grass-wrapping prevention plate 28 can be detached without the hidden trouble of grass wrapping. The grass winding preventing plates 28 are grids, each grid is a movement space of a cutter, when the cutter moves downwards, soil or shrubs are cut, plants are cut off or cleared away under the limitation of the grids when the cutter moves upwards in a return stroke, the grids of the grass winding preventing plates 28 are connected with the connectors 29 through bolts, the connectors 29 are fixedly connected with the limiting plates 27 at the two ends, and the grass winding preventing plates are convenient to disassemble and assemble to adapt to different widths.

The hydraulic Ma Datuo tray 10 is of a cube structure with hollow inside and open top and outside, symmetrical connecting flanges are horizontally arranged at the tops of two side walls of the hydraulic motor tray 10, through holes for penetrating the threaded rods 8 are formed in the connecting flanges, shaft holes are formed in the side wall, close to the right side plate 2, of the hydraulic motor tray 10, and one end of the roll shaft 14 penetrates through the shaft holes to be in transmission connection with the hydraulic motor 26 on the hydraulic motor tray 10.

The invention discloses a mechanized rotary tillage working head for removing irrigation in hilly and mountain areas, which is suitable for mechanized rotary tillage operation and irrigation removal operation in hilly and mountain areas, in particular for operation of slopes of 25 degrees and more, and is arranged on a power chassis during operation, and the working method comprises the following steps:

in the running process, the rotating speed of the working head and the advancing speed of the chassis are respectively driven by a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic flow knob of the remote controller can be quantitatively and accurately adjusted, and the matching of the rotating speed of the working head and the advancing speed of the power chassis is realized.

When the irrigation operation is performed, if the operation surface mainly takes weeds or seedling plants as main materials, a mowing cutter and a grass winding preventing device can be arranged on the roll shaft 14; if the working ground surface mainly uses shrubs or vines with larger branch diameters as main materials, a milling type irrigation cutter and a grass winding preventing device are required to be installed on the roll shaft 14. The rear guard plate middle triangle guard plate 12 is opened by adopting a cutter mounting mode that opposite directions are presented from two ends of the roll shaft 14 to the center, and broken residues are accumulated to the center position, so that the storage and transportation are convenient.

When rotary tillage is performed, different types of rotary tillage cutters 17 and mounting modes are mounted on the roll shaft 14 according to different operation requirements.

The cutters are arranged on the cutter holder 15 in a spiral line, and the spiral line direction is fixed leftwards or rightwards when one side conveys soil. When the soil is evenly distributed, the spiral lines are two, and the spiral lines penetrate through the whole width from two ends of the roll shaft 14 to the other side respectively and have opposite spiral directions. The spiral is in opposite directions from the ends of the roller 14 toward the center when the conveyor is in the neutral position. In the operation process, the material conveying direction is controllable, and the soil sawdust and other materials are respectively conveyed to one side, conveyed in the middle and uniformly distributed. Realizing the functions of leveling the earth surface, throwing or accumulating materials.

In the horizontal step type soil preparation operation process, the working head can be directly used for manufacturing horizontal step type terrains, the width is adjusted according to the horizontal step width, rotary tillage cutters 17 are installed on the roller shaft 14 according to a front rotary tillage mode, the rotary tillage cutters 17 are arranged according to the purpose of discharging soil to one side, the rotary tillage cutter heads are arranged densely according to the axial requirement of soil discharge, and the working head has a powerful soil conveying function during the soil breaking operation.

During operation, a horizontal initial position of 2m square is manually opened on the soil indicator 30 to be operated along the direction of a contour line, a working head is mounted on a power chassis in a front mode, the power chassis pushes the working head to operate downwards from the mountain top, and the working head loosens soil and discharges soil to the lower direction of the mountain. The horizontal soil preparation is completed, two times of rotary tillage are generally needed from the top of the mountain to the feet of the mountain, the first time of rotary tillage aims at processing steps, the rotary cultivator discharges soil to one side, and the excessive soil is discharged from the step; the second rotary tillage is to cultivate, distribute and compact soil according to the level, and adjust the rotary tillage width smaller than the horizontal step width, so as to avoid affecting the step height.

If the horizontal step soil preparation operation process needs to be ridged simultaneously, the rotary tillage breadth is adjusted to be equal to the horizontal step breadth in the two-step rotary tillage process, the soil discharging opening on one side is closed, and a plurality of groups of rotary tillage blades on one side of the mountain foot are removed according to the ridge breadth, so that soil is piled up along the edge of the step.

In the horizontal groove soil preparation operation process, the working head can be used for loosening and crushing the groove pit soil according to the layer thickness layering of surface soil, raw soil and cooked soil after soil preparation is completed, and accumulating the soil to one side of the edge of the groove. The rotary tillage cutters 17 are arranged on the roll shafts 14, and the rotary tillage cutters 17 are arranged according to the purpose of discharging soil to one side, so that the tillage depth can be quickly and conveniently adjusted to realize layered soil sampling and classification, and different purposes can be realized.

When the rotary tillage operation is carried out for removing the irrigation under the forests and the crowns, the roll shaft 14 can be shortened, and part of the knife rest and the knife tool can be disassembled, so that the operation width is reduced, and the flexibility of the machine tool is improved.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a hilly mountain land mechanized working head which characterized in that: the device comprises a frame arranged on a traction device, wherein a roll shaft is movably arranged on the frame, one end of the roll shaft is connected with a transmission system, a knife rest is sleeved on the roll shaft, a knife is arranged on the knife rest, and the heights of the roll shaft and the transmission system can be adjusted; collecting ports are formed in both ends of the frame and behind the frame, and guard plates are arranged at the collecting ports; a plurality of tool holders are uniformly sleeved on the roll shaft, a plurality of tool mounting positions are annularly arranged on each tool holder so as to be suitable for tool mounting with different numbers and angles, and rotary tillage tools or irrigation removing tools can be adopted for the tools; the frame comprises an upper guard plate, wherein the two ends of the upper guard plate are respectively and fixedly connected with a left side plate and a right side plate, the lower ends of the inner sides of the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively connected with a rear carriage, an opening is formed in the middle of the rear carriage, and a triangular guard plate is arranged at the opening; the left side plate is provided with a left side sliding groove, the right side plate is provided with a right side sliding groove, two ends of the roll shaft are respectively arranged in the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove in a penetrating way, and the roll shaft can move up and down in the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove to be adjusted and fixed; the upper guard plate comprises a first guard plate and a second guard plate, the second guard plate is of a double-layer plate-shaped structure with a gap, one end of the first guard plate is fixedly connected with the left side plate, the other end of the first guard plate movably penetrates through the gap of the second guard plate, and one end, far away from the first guard plate, of the second guard plate is fixedly connected with the right side plate; the upper part of the second guard plate is hinged with a hydraulic oil cylinder which is horizontally arranged, and the tail end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is hinged with the upper part of the first guard plate.

2. The hilly mountain mechanized working head of claim 1, wherein: the left side plate and the right side plate are fixedly provided with lug plates outside, through holes are formed in the lug plates, threaded rods penetrate through the through holes, the threaded rods are arranged at two ends of the left side sliding groove and the right side sliding groove, and the threaded rods are fixedly connected with the lug plates through upper nuts above the through holes; a bearing seat is arranged at the lower part of the threaded rod at the left side plate in a penetrating way, and a lower nut in threaded connection with the threaded rod at the left side plate is arranged at the outer bottom of the bearing seat; the lower part of the threaded rod positioned at the right side plate is provided with a hydraulic motor tray in a penetrating way, and the outer bottom of the hydraulic motor tray is provided with a lower nut in threaded connection with the threaded rod positioned at the right side plate; the hydraulic motor is fixedly arranged on the hydraulic motor tray, the hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the roll shaft, and one end, far away from the hydraulic motor, of the roll shaft is assembled on the bearing seat through a bearing.

3. The hilly mountain mechanized working head of claim 2, wherein: the tool apron is of a disc type structure, a mounting groove is formed in the circumferential side wall of the tool apron, circular arc holes are uniformly and symmetrically formed in two side faces of the tool apron in a ring mode, a base of the tool is inserted into the mounting groove, a connecting hole is formed in the base of the tool, a locking nut penetrates through the circular arc holes, and the locking nut penetrates through the connecting hole and is fixedly connected with the base of the tool and the tool apron.

4. A hilly mountain mechanized working head as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the outer sides of the lower parts of the left side plate and the right side plate are connected with limiting plates through bolts, grass winding preventing plates are arranged between the two limiting plates, a plurality of grids are uniformly arranged on the grass winding preventing plates, the limiting plates and the grass winding preventing plates are positioned below the roll shafts, and a cutter on the roll shafts can penetrate through the grids on the grass winding preventing plates; the limiting plate is characterized in that the middle of the limiting plate is provided with a groove, the side walls at two ends of the limiting plate are uniformly provided with a plurality of bolt holes arranged in the vertical direction, and bolts used for being fixedly connected with the left side plate or the right side plate are arranged in the bolt holes in a penetrating mode.

5. The hilly mountain mechanized working head of claim 2, wherein: and a spring is arranged on the threaded rod in a penetrating way, and is positioned between the lug plate and the hydraulic motor tray or between the lug plate and the bearing seat.

6. The hilly mountain mechanized working head of claim 2, wherein: the hydraulic motor tray is of a cube structure with hollow inside, top and outside openings, symmetrical connecting flanges are horizontally arranged at the tops of two side walls of the hydraulic motor tray, through holes for penetrating the threaded rods are formed in the connecting flanges, the side wall, close to the right side plate, of the hydraulic motor tray is provided with a shaft hole, and one end of a roll shaft penetrates through the shaft hole and is in transmission connection with the hydraulic motor on the hydraulic motor tray.

7. A method of operating a hilly mountain mechanized workhead as recited in claim 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, installing a required cutter structure, an installation angle and a clearance of a cutter according to different operation requirements, disassembling and assembling the grass winding prevention plate according to requirements, adjusting the operation width and the operation depth according to different operation environments, and installing a working head on a power chassis after the adjustment is completed;

step two, removing irrigation operation, namely opening a triangular guard plate on the rear carriage, and installing a required cutter in a cutter installation mode of presenting opposite directions from two ends of a roll shaft to the center; the power chassis drives the working head to perform the irrigation operation;

step three, general rotary tillage operation, namely changing the type of a rotary tillage cutter, the installation angle and the cutter clearance according to different operation demands, wherein the cutter is installed on a cutter holder in different spiral line modes according to different material conveying directions;

step four, performing horizontal step soil preparation operation, namely carrying out rotary tillage on an operation area twice, wherein a rotary tillage working head is arranged on a power chassis in front, and cutter gaps are arranged according to the minimum; firstly, manually opening a horizontal initial position of 2m x 2m along the direction of each contour line, driving a working head to work downwards from the mountain top by a power chassis, discharging soil to one side in the mountain bottom direction while loosening the soil, accumulating soil required for ridging, and processing horizontal steps; carrying out rotary tillage for the second time, evenly distributing soil according to a hierarchy level, leveling the ground surface, and further enlarging the tillage depth and loosening the soil;

step five, soil is taken and classified in layers, the tilling depth is quickly adjusted according to the thickness of local surface soil, raw soil and cooked soil layers, and rotary cultivator cutters are arranged according to the requirement of discharging soil to one side.