CN113138348B - Lithium battery detection method and device - Google Patents
Lithium battery detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113138348B CN113138348B CN202010052095.7A CN202010052095A CN113138348B CN 113138348 B CN113138348 B CN 113138348B CN 202010052095 A CN202010052095 A CN 202010052095A CN 113138348 B CN113138348 B CN 113138348B
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for detecting a lithium battery, wherein the method comprises the following steps: controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual electric quantity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end; controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle process, each charge-discharge cycle process comprising: sequentially continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for a first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for a preset time, or controlling a lithium battery to be charged in a same method but firstly discharging for a second sequence of charging and discharging; obtaining a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value; and calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery. The method can accurately measure the instant or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of performance detection of lithium batteries, in particular to a detection method and device of a lithium battery.
Background
The impedance of the lithium ion lithium battery mainly comprises ion impedance in the lithium battery, including process impedance of solvation/desolvation of lithium ions, impedance through solid electrolyte interface SEI film, electrochemical reaction impedance, mass transfer impedance of lithium ions in solid phase material particles and the like, wherein various impedances take different time, the time required for solid phase mass transfer impedance is longest, if collecting time is shorter, when mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach dynamic balance, at the moment, direct current internal resistance is lower, working voltage is higher, and the impedance can only be used for measuring instantaneous internal resistance value, but cannot be used for testing real impedance in constant current/constant power charging and discharging process.
At present, the direct-current internal resistance of a lithium battery is tested in the industry, the initial static voltage is generally used as the balance voltage of the lithium battery, so that the small residual electric quantity SOC difference introduced in the charge-discharge test process is ignored, the change in the charge-discharge test time is large, the time required by each link in the impedance of the lithium battery is not fully considered, and the measured value can only be applied to reference values of the internal resistances of lithium batteries of different types, such as the lithium ion power lithium storage battery pack and the system part 2 for GBT 31467.2-2015 electric automobile: the measurement value of the test method of 7.2 in the high-energy application test procedure can only be used as a reference for comparing the internal resistances of different lithium batteries, and the thermal power generated by the internal resistances of the lithium batteries cannot be directly represented.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a detection method and device for a lithium battery, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, initial static voltage is used as balance voltage of the lithium battery, the change in charge and discharge test time is large, the time required by each link in the impedance of the lithium battery is not fully considered, and the measured value can only be applied to reference values of the internal resistances of lithium batteries of different models.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of detecting a lithium battery, comprising:
controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual electric quantity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end;
controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle process, each charge-discharge cycle process comprising: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for a first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for a preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, and continuously charging for a second preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for a preset time period;
obtaining a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
Further, the detection method of the lithium battery further comprises the following steps:
according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery in the preset residual capacity, calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery;
wherein the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery.
Further, the actual current is the current of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset.
Further, when a plurality of the charge-discharge cycle processes are performed, the charge-discharge cycle process of the first order and the charge-discharge cycle process of the second order are alternately performed.
Further, the second constant current is less than 0.1C.
Further, the first preset time period is greater than 10s.
Further, the preset time is less than 10 minutes.
Further, the calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery includes:
calculating a difference between the second voltage value and the first voltage value;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of the lithium battery, which comprises: the detection module is used for controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual capacity with a first constant current and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end;
the control module is used for controlling the lithium battery to execute at least one charge-discharge cycle process, and each charge-discharge cycle process comprises the following steps: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current in sequence, and continuously charging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of the lithium battery, which comprises: and a processor, a memory, where the memory stores a program executable by the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the method as described above when the processor executes the program.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the detection method of the lithium battery, the balance time of mass transfer and diffusion of lithium ions in the solid phase material is fully considered, the charge-discharge test time is prolonged, the charge time is prolonged, the polarization is rapidly eliminated by a method of charging and discharging after charging or charging forward and reverse with the same current multiplying power after discharging, so that the lithium battery can reach the balance state rapidly, the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is ensured to be consistent, the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And at least one charge-discharge cycle process is performed, and the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, so that the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery can accurately measure the instant or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of a lithium battery system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing steps of a method for detecting a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a detection device for a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The invention provides a method and a device for detecting a lithium battery, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, initial static voltage is used as the balance voltage of the lithium battery, the change in charge and discharge test time is large, the time required by each link in the impedance of the lithium battery is not fully considered, and the measured value can only be applied to reference values of the internal resistances of lithium batteries of different types.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting a lithium battery includes:
step 11, controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual capacity with a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value U at the moment of the discharge end;
for example, the resistance of the lithium battery at 50% is detected, and the lithium battery is discharged at a constant current until the remaining power is 50%.
Step 12, controlling the lithium battery to execute at least one charge-discharge cycle process, wherein each charge-discharge cycle process comprises: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current I, and continuously discharging for a first preset time period by using the second constant current I after standing for a preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current I, and continuously charging for a second preset time period by using the second constant current I after standing for a preset time period;
for example, the lithium battery is controlled to charge for 5min at a current of 0.02C, and after standing for 10s, the lithium battery is discharged for 5min at a current of 0.02C, which is a first sequential charge-discharge cycle process; discharging for 5min with current of 0.02C, standing for 10s, and charging for 5min with current of 0.02C, which is the second sequential charge-discharge cycle.
Wherein, the unit C is used for representing the ratio of the charge and discharge current of the lithium battery, namely the multiplying power. For a lithium battery of 1200mAh, 0.2C represents 240mA, i.e. 0.2 rate of 1200mAh, and 1C represents 1200mA, i.e. 1 rate of 1200 mAh.
The 0.02C multiplying power is very small, and the polarization in the process of charging and discharging the battery can be approximately considered to be the same. And the step of charging and discharging in the forward direction and the reverse direction with the same small multiplying power can rapidly eliminate polarization on one hand, so that the lithium battery rapidly reaches an equilibrium state, and on the other hand, the consistency of the residual electric quantity before and after the charging and discharging cycle process is ensured, and the equilibrium voltage of the lithium battery is obtained.
Step 13, obtaining a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value E;
and detecting the voltage E1 at the end of the 5min of the discharging process of the first sequence of charging and discharging cycle processes, and detecting the voltage E2 at the end of the 5min of the charging process of the second sequence of charging and discharging cycle processes, wherein the second voltage E= (E1+E2)/2. By averaging the detected voltages over two or more charge-discharge cycles, the obtained voltage values are more accurate.
And 14, calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value U and the second voltage value E of the lithium battery.
According to the detection method of the lithium battery, the balance time of mass transfer and diffusion of lithium ions in the solid phase material is fully considered, the charge-discharge test time is prolonged, the charge time is prolonged, the polarization is rapidly eliminated by a method of charging and discharging after charging or charging forward and reverse with the same current multiplying power after discharging, so that the lithium battery can reach the balance state rapidly, the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is ensured to be consistent, the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And at least one charge-discharge cycle process is performed, and the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, so that the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery can accurately measure the instant or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of a lithium battery system.
Optionally, the method for detecting a lithium battery further includes:
according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery in the preset residual capacity, calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery;
wherein the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current I' of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery;
the electric power P=I 'of the internal resistance of the lithium battery' 2 R。
Here, the actual current I' is a current of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset, and the current of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset is obtained through measurement.
Alternatively, when a plurality of the charge-discharge cycle processes are performed, the charge-discharge cycle process of the first order and the charge-discharge cycle process of the second order are alternately performed.
For example, the lithium battery is controlled to charge for 5min at a current of 0.02C, and then to discharge for 5min at a current of 0.02C after standing for 10s, which is a first sequential charge-discharge cycle; discharging for 5min with current of 0.02C, standing for 10s, and charging for 5min with current of 0.02C, which is a second sequential charge-discharge cycle process; or controlling the lithium battery to discharge for 5min at the current of 0.02C, standing for 10s, and then charging for 5min at the current of 0.02C, wherein the charging and discharging cycle process is a second sequence; charging for 5min at 0.02C, standing for 10s, and discharging for 5min at 0.02C, which is the first sequential charge-discharge cycle.
Optionally, the second constant current is less than 0.1C.
Here, the second constant current is preferably 0.01C to 0.05C, and the low-rate charge and discharge can rapidly depolarize the lithium battery.
Optionally, the first preset time period is greater than 10s;
and standing for 10 seconds to quickly obtain the theoretical balance voltage of the lithium battery when the residual electric quantity is preset.
The first preset time period is preferably 1min-5min, the working voltage in the first preset time period is adopted to most reflect the true working condition of the lithium battery in the charge-discharge cycle process, and if the collecting time is shorter, the direct current internal resistance is lower and the working voltage is higher when the mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance yet.
Optionally, the preset time is less than 10min.
Optionally, the calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset according to the first voltage value U and the second voltage value E of the lithium battery includes:
calculating a difference value between the second voltage value E and the first voltage value U;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current I.
The internal resistance R= (E-U)/I when the residual electric quantity is preset.
According to the detection method of the lithium battery, the balance time of mass transfer and diffusion of lithium ions in the solid phase material is fully considered, the charge-discharge test time is prolonged, the charge time is prolonged, the polarization is rapidly eliminated by a method of charging and discharging after charging or charging forward and reverse with the same current multiplying power after discharging, so that the lithium battery can reach the balance state rapidly, the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery before and after the step is ensured to be consistent, the acquisition time is short, and when the mass transfer of lithium ions in the lithium battery does not reach the dynamic balance, the direct current internal resistance is low and the working voltage is high. And at least one charge-discharge cycle process is performed, and the average voltage value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process is obtained, so that the second voltage is more accurate. The detection method of the lithium battery can accurately measure the instant or stable direct current internal resistance value of the lithium battery in any state, and can calculate the direct current impedance thermal power according to the direct current internal resistance value, thereby providing good data support for the thermal management design of a lithium battery system.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a detection apparatus for a lithium battery, including:
the detection module 21 is used for controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual capacity with a first constant current and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end;
a control module 22 for controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle, each charge-discharge cycle comprising: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current in sequence, and continuously charging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time;
an obtaining module 23, configured to obtain a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process, so as to obtain a second voltage value;
and the calculating module 24 is configured to calculate an internal resistance of the lithium battery when the remaining power is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a detection device of the lithium battery, which comprises: and a processor, a memory, where the memory stores a program executable by the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the method as described above when the processor executes the program.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and changes are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting a lithium battery, comprising:
controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual electric quantity at a first constant current, and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end;
controlling the lithium battery to perform at least one charge-discharge cycle process, each charge-discharge cycle process comprising: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for a first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for a preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current, and continuously charging for a second preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for a preset time period;
obtaining a voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery;
the second constant current is less than 0.1C;
the first preset time period is greater than 10s;
the preset time is less than 10 minutes.
2. The method for detecting a lithium battery according to claim 1, further comprising:
according to the internal resistance of the lithium battery in the preset residual capacity, calculating to obtain the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery;
wherein the electric power of the internal resistance of the lithium battery is the product of the second power of the actual current of the lithium battery and the internal resistance of the lithium battery.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the actual current is a current of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first-order charge-discharge cycle process and the second-order charge-discharge cycle process are alternately performed when a plurality of the charge-discharge cycle processes are performed.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery at the preset remaining capacity according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery comprises:
calculating a difference between the second voltage value and the first voltage value;
and obtaining the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the ratio of the difference value to the second constant current.
6. A detection device for a lithium battery, comprising:
the detection module is used for controlling the lithium battery to discharge to a preset residual capacity with a first constant current and detecting a first voltage value at the moment of the discharge end;
the control module is used for controlling the lithium battery to execute at least one charge-discharge cycle process, and each charge-discharge cycle process comprises the following steps: sequentially and continuously charging for a first preset time period by using a second constant current, and continuously discharging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time, or controlling the lithium battery to continuously discharge for the first preset time period by using the second constant current in sequence, and continuously charging for the first preset time period by using the second constant current after standing for preset time;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage average value of the lithium battery at the end of each charge-discharge cycle process to obtain a second voltage value;
a calculation module for calculating the internal resistance of the lithium battery when the residual capacity is preset according to the first voltage value and the second voltage value of the lithium battery
The second constant current is less than 0.1C;
the first preset time period is greater than 10s;
the preset time is less than 10 minutes.
7. A detection device for a lithium battery, comprising: a processor, a memory, on which a program is stored which is executable by the processor, when executing the program, implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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