CN113136212A - Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present application provides a novel soil conditioner and a method of making the same. The application also provides the application of the soil conditioner in improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, eliminating soil hardening and/or loosening soil, promoting the growth and development of crops and/or improving the yield of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Soil is the most basic production data of human beings and is the material basis on which human beings live. At present, nearly 4.95 hundred million acres of land desertification and about 13.05 hundred million acres of grassland degeneration exist in the north of China. In China, soil with barrier factors caused by soil forming factors or human factors has a certain proportion, wherein the soil comprises erosion, poor texture, poor structure or tilth, saline and alkaline, acidification, toxic substance pollution and the like, the land output and the production benefit of farmers are seriously influenced, and the development of local agriculture is limited. Therefore, improvement of soil environment is already imminent.
The development and research of soil conditioners are relatively late in China, and the existing types mainly comprise slag by-products soil conditioners, potassium feldspar or dolomite roasting product soil conditioners, shell powder calcium product soil conditioners and the like. The soil conditioners have simple components, relatively single function and insignificant yield increasing effect. In consideration of the problem of soil obstacle existing in agriculture at present, the research and development of a new soil conditioner has very important significance.
Summary of The Invention
In a first aspect, the present application provides a soil conditioner comprising organic matter, iron oxide, perlite and calcium hydroxide. Preferably, the organic matter comprises humic acid.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of preparing the soil conditioner described above, comprising: mixing iron oxide, organic matters, perlite and calcium hydroxide; and treating the mixture to obtain the soil conditioner. In a preferred embodiment, the above mixture is subjected to a powdering treatment.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a soil conditioner as defined in the first aspect or a soil conditioner prepared by the method as defined in the second aspect, for use in improving the physicochemical properties of soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the soil physicochemical properties include soil cracking status, soil water-stable granular structure, soil volume weight and porosity, soil field water holding capacity and wilting coefficient, soil pH value, cation exchange capacity and the like.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides the use of the soil conditioner of the first aspect or the soil conditioner prepared by the method of the second aspect for soil hardening and/or soil loosening.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a use of the soil conditioner of the first aspect or the soil conditioner prepared by the method of the second aspect for promoting growth and development of crops and/or increasing crop yield. In preferred embodiments, the crops include wheat, scallion, corn, soybean, rice, canola, kidney beans, peach, and the like.
The soil conditioners described herein have one or more of the following advantages: the cracking condition of soil is relieved; promoting the formation of soil water-stable granular structure; the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the proportion of the void degree of the non-capillary is increased; improving the water holding capacity of the soil field and reducing the wilting coefficient; the pH value and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are improved; soil hardening is eliminated, and soil is loosened; and promoting the growth and development of crops, and has the effect of increasing the yield on various crops.
Brief description of the drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of a rice test, in which the left side of the graph A is a control-treated group and the right side is a soil conditioner-treated group; the left side of panel B is the soil conditioner treatment group and the right side is the control treatment group.
FIG. 2 shows the results of a test with green onions, where the two onions on the left and middle of panel A are from the soil conditioner treatment group and the rightmost one from the control treatment group; the left side of the panel B is the control treatment group and the right side is the soil conditioner treatment group; panel C is an enlarged view of the onion root system from the soil conditioner treatment group.
FIG. 3 shows the results of the wheat test, with the control treatment group on the left and the soil conditioner treatment group on the right.
FIG. 4 shows the test results of peaches, wherein panel A is the result of the control-treated group and panel B is the result of the soil conditioner-treated group.
Detailed Description
The application provides a soil conditioner which comprises organic matters, ferric oxide, perlite, calcium hydroxide and the like. Preferably, the organic matter comprises or is humic acid. The present application also provides a method of preparing a soil conditioner comprising: mixing iron oxide, organic matters, perlite and calcium hydroxide, and treating (such as powdering) the mixture to obtain the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner provided by the invention is suitable for improving hardened and heavy soil.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioners provided herein may comprise organic matter, iron oxide, perlite and calcium hydroxide in amounts by weight that are respectively: the content of organic matters is not less than 20 percent; the content of ferric oxide is not lower than 10%; the content of perlite is not less than 10%; the content of calcium hydroxide is not less than 2%.
In a preferred embodiment, the soil conditioner comprises organic matter in an amount of no less than 40%. In some embodiments, the organic content is from 40% to 78%, such as 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 78%, or any value therebetween.
The term "organic matter" as used herein broadly refers to carbonaceous organic compounds present in various forms in the soil, refers to substances derived from life in the soil, is substances other than soil minerals in the soil, is the most active part in the soil, is the basis of soil fertility, and is one of the important indicators for measuring soil fertility. The soil organic matter is rich in various organic acids and humic acids, has certain dissolving capacity on soil mineral substances, can promote mineral weathering, and is beneficial to the effectiveness of certain nutrients.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner provided herein comprises humic acid. Preferably, the content of humic acid is not less than 15% by weight.
In some embodiments, the content of humic acid in the soil conditioner is not less than 17%. In a preferred embodiment, the content of humic acid in the soil conditioner is not less than 20%. In some embodiments, the humic acid is present in the soil conditioner in an amount of 20% to 78%, for example 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 78%, or any value therebetween.
In some embodiments, the iron oxide is present in the soil conditioner in an amount of 10% to 40%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or any value therebetween.
In some embodiments, the perlite is present in the soil conditioner in an amount of 10% to 40%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or any value therebetween.
In some embodiments, the calcium hydroxide is present in the soil conditioner in an amount of 2% to 20%, such as 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or any value therebetween.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner of the present application has a pH (pH) of no less than 6.0, such as 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, and the like.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner of the present application has a water content of no greater than 8% by weight.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioners provided herein are free of heavy metals. In some embodiments, the soil conditioners provided herein contain only small amounts of heavy metals, preferably less than 0.1%, more preferably less than 0.05% by weight.
The soil conditioners provided herein improve soil physicochemical properties, such as mitigating soil cracking conditions; promoting the formation of soil water-stable granular structure; the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the proportion of the void degree of the non-capillary is increased; improving the water holding capacity of the soil field and reducing the wilting coefficient; raising the pH value of the soil, increasing the cation exchange capacity and the like.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner provided herein is applied to the improvement of hardened heavy soils. After the soil conditioner provided by the invention is applied, hardened soil is relieved, and the soil becomes loose.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioners provided herein are capable of promoting crop growth with a yield increasing effect on a variety of crops.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioners provided herein have a stimulation effect on different areas, different soils, different crops.
In some embodiments, the crop roots develop after application of the soil conditioner.
In some embodiments, the yield of various crops, including foodstuffs, vegetables, fruits, and the like, is increased after application of the soil conditioner. The crops comprise wheat, green Chinese onion, corn, soybean, rice, rape, kidney bean, peach and the like.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner is broadcast over the applied soil and then mixed with the soil by rotary tillage or the like.
In some embodiments, during sowing, the seeds are soaked, then spread with soil conditioner and mixed evenly, and then sown.
In some embodiments, a circle of groove is dug at about half a meter of the root of the fruit tree, soil conditioner is sprinkled into the groove, and fertilizer and water are applied after the groove is filled.
In some embodiments, the soil conditioner is applied during planting, and the roots of the seedlings to be planted are planted after being stained with the soil conditioner.
The soil conditioner has the good effects of eliminating soil hardening and loosening soil. The soil conditioner improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, promotes the growth and development of crops and obviously improves the yield of the crops.
The applicant researches the yield increasing effect of the soil conditioner on different districts, different soils and different crops, and finds that after the soil conditioner is applied, the growth and development of the crops are promoted by improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil conditioner, and the yield of the tested crops is obviously improved. The above effects show that the soil conditioner has a good application prospect.
In this specification and claims, the words "comprise", "comprising" and "contain" mean "including but not limited to", and are not intended to exclude other moieties, additives, components, or steps.
It should be understood that features, characteristics, components or steps described in a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the present application may be applied to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith.
The above disclosure generally describes the present application, which is further exemplified by the following examples. These examples are described merely to illustrate the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Although specific terms and values are employed herein, they are to be understood as exemplary and not limiting the scope of the application.
The embodiment I is as follows: plot experiment of soil conditioning effect and crop yield increasing effect under wheat-green Chinese onion planting system
Test materials and methods
1. Test soil conditioner
The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing and powdering iron oxide, humic acid, perlite and calcium hydroxide according to a certain proportion, wherein the humic acid is 78%, the iron oxide is 10%, the perlite is 10% and the calcium hydroxide is 2%.
2. Test soil
The test site is located in a contract field of Shandong province, Jianqiu city, Huizhi village Hanlian planting cooperative society, the area belongs to warm zone semi-humid continental season and wind climate, four seasons are clear, rain and heat are in the same season, and the climate environment is superior. The wheat-green Chinese onion double cropping planting system is adopted for a long time, and the production management technical capacity is strong. The test plots are hardened soil, the soil is heavy clay brown soil, the nutrient content of the plots is uniformly distributed, and the fertility level difference is small. The soil physical and chemical properties at the test points are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 test Point soil burial Properties
3. Test site and crop variety
The test site is arranged in Jianqiu city of Shandong province, and Huizhijiacun is embroidered. The tested wheat variety is Jinan No. 17, and the fistular onion variety is Firmiana platanifolium pneumatic brake.
4. Test treatment design and water and fertilizer management measures
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, respectively and uniformly spreading 120 kg/mu of soil conditioner before wheat soil preparation and sowing (about 10 months and 10 days) and before green Chinese onion soil preparation and transplanting (about 6 months and 20 days), and then carrying out rotary tillage for 20 cm to uniformly mix the soil conditioner with the soil.
The length of the test cell is 8 meters, the width is 5 meters, and the area of the test cell is 40m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 3 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. Small ridges with the width of 40cm are built among the communities according to requirements, single-row and single-irrigation are carried out, and plastic films are used for wrapping and preventing leakage so as to ensure the accuracy of test data. Each one ofAnd (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in the plot.
The wheat water and fertilizer management measures are as follows: bottom application of 30 kg/mu diammonium phosphate and watering once. And (3) applying 50 kg/mu of urea in the wheat green turning period, and irrigating after applying the urea. Irrigating once in the ear sprouting and pollination period of the wheat.
The water and fertilizer management measures of the scallion are as follows: 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied at the bottom. 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are additionally applied to each mu in 8 middle-month ten days. Applying 50 kg/mu of urea in the last ten days of 9 months.
The 2016-plus 2018 test field planting system for three consecutive years is that the wheat-transplanted green Chinese onion is twice ripe every year. Wheat is ditching and drilling, and the seeding quantity per mu is 8 kg. The green Chinese onions are transplanted in a drought mode, the plant spacing is 3 cm, and the transplanting density per mu is 1.6 ten thousand. No serious natural disasters occur in the whole test process for three years.
(II) test results and analysis
1. Effect of soil conditioner on soil cracking status
The results of the three-year test show that the application of the soil conditioner can reduce the cracking condition of the soil, the improvement condition is increased along with the increase of the application age, and the control shows that the cracking degree is more and more serious (tables 2 and 3). The same improvement results and trends are shown in the growing seasons of wheat and green Chinese onion.
TABLE 2 influence of soil conditioners on the soil cracking status of wheat season
Note: each cell measures 1 square meter. The sum of all crack lengths within 1 square meter is the crack length. The width and the depth of the crack are measured in ten points in the measured area and averaged. The measuring time is 20 days after wheat is sowed.
TABLE 3 influence of soil conditioners on the soil cracking status in green Chinese onion season
Note: each cell measures 1 square meter. The sum of all crack lengths within 1 square meter is the crack length. The width and the depth of the crack are measured in one point in the measured area. The measuring time is 15 days after the green Chinese onions are transplanted.
2. Influence of soil conditioner on soil water-stable granular structure
Soil conditioner improves soil cracking and is related to its ability to promote the formation of soil water-stable granular structures. Three years after the test, the soil conditioner treated soil had a water stable structure of greater than 0.25mm increased from 53.28% for the control to 72.33% and a structure of greater than 5mm increased from 11.84% to 18.38% (table 4).
TABLE 4 influence of soil conditioners on Water-Stable granular Structure 2018
3. Effect of soil conditioner on soil bulk weight and porosity
After applying the soil conditioner for two years, the volume weight of the treated soil can be reduced by 0.12g/cm compared with the control2The non-capillary porosity increased from 9.57% to 14.10% and the total porosity increased from 50.18% to 54.72% (table 5). Therefore, the soil conditioner is continuously applied, the volume weight of the soil can be obviously reduced, the proportion of the non-capillary porosity is increased, and the effect of loosening the soil is achieved.
TABLE 5 Effect 2018 of soil conditioner application on soil bulk weight and porosity
4. Influence of soil conditioner on field water holding capacity and wilting coefficient of soil
The field water capacity of the soil is the water content of the soil when the soil capillary has a maximum amount of water, and the wilting coefficient is the water content of the soil when the plants growing in the soil are subjected to permanent wilting. As can be seen from table 6, the water holding capacity in the soil field increased and the wilting coefficient decreased with the application of the soil conditioner. Compared with the control, the difference between the field water holding capacity and the wilting coefficient of the field treated in the first year and the second year is significant, and the difference is extremely significant in the third year. Wherein the field water capacity of the soil treated in the third year is improved by 7.49 percent compared with CK, and the wilting coefficient is reduced by 22.76 percent compared with CK.
TABLE 6 influence of soil conditioner application on soil field Water holding Capacity and wilting coefficient
5. Effect of soil conditioner on soil pH and cation exchange Capacity
As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, after the soil conditioner is used in 2016, the pH value and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are improved; compared with the control treatment group, the pH value of the soil is improved by 0.2, and the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved by 5.1%. After the soil conditioner is used in 2017, the pH value and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are also improved; compared with the control treatment group, the pH value of the soil is improved by 0.3, and the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved by 6.38%. After the soil conditioner is used in 2018, the pH value and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are also improved; compared with the control treatment group, the pH value of the soil is improved by 0.54 unit, and the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved by 10.41 percent.
TABLE 7 Effect of soil conditioner application on soil pH
| Year of year | Treatment of | I | II | III | Mean value of |
| 2016 | Control | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.53B |
| 2016 | Soil conditioner | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.87A |
| 2017 | Control | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.63B |
| 2017 | Soil conditioner | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.97A |
| 2018 | Control | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.63B |
| 2018 | Soil conditioner | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.17A |
TABLE 8 Effect of soil conditioner application on soil cation exchange amount meq/100g
6. Effect of soil conditioners on crop yield
After the soil conditioner is applied, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the growth and development of crops are promoted. The three-year test result shows that the yield of the wheat and the green Chinese onion treated by the soil conditioner is obviously improved compared with that of a control group, and the yield increase amplitude is increased along with the increase of the application age limit. Compared with a control group, the yield of the wheat is increased by 9-12%, and the yield of the green Chinese onion is increased by 20-40%. And (3) carrying out significance analysis on the difference between treatments by DPS statistical analysis software, wherein the difference reaches a very significant level. See also fig. 2, which shows that the roots of the scallion are developed, the stems of the scallion are thick and strong, the yield is increased by about 40%, and the quality is improved after the soil conditioner is applied. FIG. 3 shows that the wheat straw is strong and strong, the lodging resistance is strong and the wheat quality is improved after the soil conditioner is applied.
TABLE 9 Effect of soil conditioner application on wheat yield kg/acre
TABLE 10 impact of soil conditioner application on green Chinese onion yield kg/acre
(III) conclusion
Through three-year continuous fixed-point plot experiments, the soil conditioning and crop yield increasing effects of the soil conditioner on hardened and sticky heavy brown soil are analyzed and tested. The research shows that: the soil conditioner can effectively reduce the cracking condition of soil, remarkably reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the proportion of non-capillary porosity and achieve the effect of loosening the soil. After the soil conditioner is applied, the field water holding capacity of the soil is in an increasing trend, the wilting coefficient is in a decreasing trend, and the pH value and the cation exchange capacity of the soil are improved. After the soil conditioner is applied, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, the growth and development of crops are promoted, and the yield of the crops is obviously improved. Test results show that the soil conditioner has the effects of well eliminating hardening and loosening soil, and has the advantages of considerable yield increasing effect and good application prospect.
Example two: plot trials of soil conditioner yield enhancement in different areas and on different crops
Test soil conditioner
The soil conditioner applied in the embodiment is prepared by mixing iron oxide, humic acid, perlite and calcium hydroxide according to a certain proportion and performing powdering treatment, and is suitable for improving hardened and heavy soil. Specifically, in the soil conditioner, the content of each component is as follows: 55% of humic acid, 20% of ferric oxide, 20% of perlite and 5% of calcium hydroxide.
(II) yield-increasing Effect on different crops
2.1 yield-increasing effect on corn
2.1.1 test sites and conditions
The test field is carried out in 2016 + 2018 in a test base of Queensland village in Chaochou town of high density city in Shandong province, the soil to be tested is brown soil, the organic matter of the soil is 1.3 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 103mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 21mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 90 mg/kg. The planting system is that the spring corn is ripe once a year. 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to each mu of land per year. The spring corn is sown about 4 months and 20 days each year, and the corn is harvested about 8 months and 20 days each year. Corn (corn)The variety is Zhengdan 958, and other management measures are kept consistent on the basis of local traditional cultivation management. The length of the test cell is 10 meters, the width is 5 meters, and the area of the test cell is 50m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. Small ridges with the width of 30 cm are built among the communities according to the requirements, single-row and single-irrigation are carried out, and plastic films are used for wrapping and preventing leakage so as to ensure the accuracy of test data. And (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in each cell.
2.1.2 test treatment and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) A soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 120 kilograms of soil conditioner is uniformly applied to each mu of the corn before soil preparation and sowing (about 4 months and 10 days) of each year of spring corn, and then the corn is subjected to rotary tillage for 20 centimeters to be uniformly mixed with the soil.
2.1.3 results and analysis
And respectively harvesting the corns in the soil conditioner treatment field and the control field, weighing and metering yield. As can be seen from table 11, application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of corn. Compared with the average mu yield increase of the control by the 2016 soil conditioner treatment, the yield increase is 113.7kg and 17.6 percent. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 121.7kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2017, and the yield is increased by 18.5 percent. The yield of the soil conditioner treated in 2018 is increased by 133.7kg compared with the average mu of the reference, and the yield is increased by 19.1%. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level.
TABLE 11 Effect of soil conditioner application on corn yield (kg/acre)
2.1.4 nodules
Tests show that the soil conditioner applied to the corns can improve the yield of the corns compared with the control treatment, the yield of the corns is increased by 113.7-133.7kg per mu on average, the yield is increased by 17.6% -19.1%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely obvious level.
2.2 Soybean yield increasing Effect
2.2.1 test sites and conditions
The test field is carried out in 2016 + 2018 in a test base of Queensland village in Chaochou town of high density city in Shandong province, the soil to be tested is brown soil, the organic matter of the soil is 1.25 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 101mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 20mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 96 mg/kg. The previous crop is wheat, and the planting system is winter wheat-summer soybean double cropping in one year. The yield level of wheat of the previous crop is about 450 kg/mu. After wheat is harvested, 300kg of organic fertilizer and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu along with stubble cleaning. The sowing period is 6 months and 10 days, the row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 9cm, 1.2 ten thousand plants are left in each mu, and the soybeans are harvested at 9 months and 20 days. The soybean variety is Weiwei 9. Based on local traditional cultivation management, other management measures are kept consistent. The length of the test cell is 10 meters, the width is 5 meters, and the area of the test cell is 50m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. Small ridges with the width of 30 cm are built among the communities according to the requirements, single-row and single-irrigation are carried out, and plastic films are used for wrapping and preventing leakage so as to ensure the accuracy of test data. And (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in each cell.
2.2.2 test handling and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 120 kg of soil conditioner is uniformly spread and applied together with a base fertilizer before stubble cleaning of previous stubbles, and then rotary tillage is carried out for 20 cm to uniformly mix the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer with each mu of soil.
2.2.3 results and analysis
And (4) harvesting soybeans of the soil conditioner treatment field and the control field respectively, weighing and calculating yield. As can be seen from table 12, application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of soybeans. Compared with the average mu increase of 29.6kg in 2016, the increase of the yield is 18.6 percent. The yield of the soil conditioner treated in 2017 is increased by 34.5kg compared with the average mu of the reference, and the yield is increased by 21.4%. The yield of the soil conditioner treated in 2018 is increased by 43.3kg compared with the average mu of the reference, and the yield is increased by 27.9 percent. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level.
TABLE 12 Effect of soil conditioner application on Soybean yield (kg/acre)
2.2.4 nodules
Experiments show that the application of the soil conditioner to soybeans can improve the yield of the soybeans compared with control treatment, the yield of each mu is increased by 29.6-43.3kg on average, the yield is increased by 18.6% -27.9%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely obvious level.
2.3 yield-increasing Effect on Rice
2.3.1 test sites and conditions
The test is carried out in 2016 + 2018 in Yitong town test base of Yitong town, Yitong county, Siping city, Jilin province, wherein the soil organic matter is 1.3 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 103mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 21mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 90 mg/kg. The planting system is that the rice is ripe once a year. 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (12-16-18) is applied to each mu of land per year. Transplanting the rice in about 6 months and 5 days every year, and harvesting the rice in about 10 months and 20 days every year. The rice variety is Jijing 816, and other management measures are kept consistent on the basis of local traditional cultivation management. The length of the test cell is 10 meters, the width is 5 meters, and the area of the test cell is 50m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. Small ridges with the width of 40cm are built among the communities according to requirements, single-row and single-irrigation are carried out, and plastic films are used for wrapping and preventing leakage so as to ensure the accuracy of test data. And (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in each cell.
2.3.2 test treatment and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 120 kilograms of soil conditioner are respectively and uniformly spread on each mu before soil preparation and sowing of rice every year (about 4 months and 10 days), and then the rice is subjected to rotary tillage for 20 centimeters to be uniformly mixed with soil.
2.3.3 results and analysis
And (4) respectively harvesting the rice in the soil conditioner treatment field and the rice in the control field, weighing and metering yield. As can be seen from Table 13, application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of rice. Compared with the average mu increase of the reference by 2016, the increase of the yield of the soil conditioner is 88.7kg, and the increase of the yield is 13.6 percent. The yield of the soil conditioner treated in 2017 is increased by 90.9kg compared with the average mu of the reference, and the yield is increased by 13.7 percent. The yield of the soil conditioner treated in 2018 is increased by 128.6kg compared with the average mu of the reference, and the yield is increased by 19.1%. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level. See also fig. 1, which shows that after the soil conditioner treatment, the number of grains per ear of rice is significantly increased, the yield is increased by about 10%, the quality of the planted rice is enhanced, and this also suggests that the soil hardening is loosened.
TABLE 13 Effect of soil conditioner application on Rice yield (kg/acre)
2.3.4 nodules
Tests show that the soil conditioner applied to the rice can improve the yield of the rice compared with control treatment, the yield of each mu is increased by 88.7-128.6kg on average, the yield is increased by 13.6-19.1%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely obvious level.
2.4 yield-increasing Effect on Brassica napus
2.4.1 test sites and conditions
The test field is carried out in 2016 + 2018 in a vegetable test base of King-post village in Changchun city, high density city, Shandong province, wherein the soil to be tested is brown soil, the organic matter of the soil is 1.6 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 128mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 29mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 103 mg/kg. The planting system is that the rape is ripe once a year. 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to each mu of base soil each year. The small rape is Shanghai green, the seeding amount per mu is 250 g, the number 10 seeding in 8 months is carried out, and the small rape is harvested in 10 months and 10 days. Based on local traditional cultivation management, other management measures are kept consistent. The length of the test cell is 10 meters, the width is 4 meters, and the area of the test cell is 40m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set.Small ridges with the width of 20 cm are built among the communities according to the requirements, and the small ridges are irrigated in a single row and single irrigation mode. And (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in each cell.
2.4.2 test treatment and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 60 kilograms of soil conditioner is uniformly applied to each mu of small rape before land preparation and sowing every year, and then the small rape is rotary-cultivated for 20 centimeters to be uniformly mixed with soil.
2.4.3 results and analysis
Respectively harvesting the small rapes in the soil conditioner treatment field and the control field, weighing and metering yield. As can be seen from table 14, the application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of canola. Compared with the average mu increase by 2016.7 kg, the increase of yield by 34.2% is realized by the aid of the soil conditioner treatment. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 456.4kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2017, and the yield is increased by 35.0%. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 557.4kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2018, and the yield is increased by 42.7 percent. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level.
TABLE 14 Effect of soil conditioner application on Brassica napus yield (kg/acre)
2.4.4 nodules
Tests show that the small rape applied with the soil conditioner can improve the yield of the small rape compared with the control treatment, the average yield per mu is increased by 417.7-557.4kg, the yield is increased by 34.2-42.7%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely obvious level.
2.5 increasing yield effect on Kidney beans
2.5.1 test sites and conditions
The test field is carried out in 2016 + 2018 in a vegetable test base of King-Town Quzhuan village in high-density cities in Shandong province, the test soil is brown soil, and the organic matter of the soil is 1.6%128mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 29mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 103mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to each mu of base soil each year. Kidney beans are sown about 4 months and 20 days every year, and the kidney beans are harvested about 8 months and 20 days every year. The kidney bean variety is a kidney bean of old and young, and other management measures are kept consistent on the basis of local traditional cultivation management. The length of the test cell is 10 meters, the width is 4 meters, and the area of the test cell is 40m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. Small ridges with the width of 20 cm are built among the communities according to the requirements, and the small ridges are irrigated in a single row and single irrigation mode. And (4) independently counting the yield of the harvested crops in each cell.
2.5.2 test treatment and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 60 kilograms of soil conditioner is uniformly applied to each mu before the kidney beans are prepared and sowed every year (about 4 months and 10 days), and then the kidney beans are subjected to rotary tillage for 20 centimeters to be uniformly mixed with the soil.
2.5.3 results and analysis
Harvesting kidney beans in the soil conditioner treatment field and the control field respectively, weighing and metering yield. As can be seen from table 15, application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of soybeans. Compared with the average mu increase by 558.7kg in 2016, the increase of yield is 21.8%. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 683.0kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2017, and the yield is increased by 25.3 percent. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 764.9kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2018, and the yield is increased by 28.7 percent. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level.
TABLE 15 Effect of soil conditioner application on Kidney Bean yield (kg/acre)
2.5.4 nodules
Tests show that when the soil conditioner is applied to kidney beans, compared with control treatment, the yield of the kidney beans can be improved, the yield of each mu is increased by 558.7-764.9kg on average, the yield is increased by 21.8% -28.7%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely significant level.
2.6 increasing the yield of peach
2.6.1 test sites and conditions
The test is carried out in a test base of Xishan village of each village of Xifan of the Wen fan in the valley region of Beijing in 2016 + 2018, and the tested soil is moist soil, 1.5 percent of soil organic matter, 156mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 31mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 143mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. The peach tree is 5 years old and reaches full bearing age, and the variety of the peach tree is Beijing No. 14. Spring fertilization is No. 3 and No. 15, and the fertilization variety is multienzyme methylamine, and each tree is 2 kg. The topdressing time in summer is 7 months 5, the topdressing variety is Baibeibang, and each tree is 2.5 kg. The plant spacing is 1.2 m, and the row spacing is 2.5 m. 10 plants per row were selected, with a cell area of 30m2Each treatment of the experiment was repeated 4 times, randomly arranged, and protected rows were set. And (4) separately counting the yield of peaches in each cell after harvesting.
2.6.2 test treatment and design
The test was conducted with two treatments, respectively:
(1) and (4) comparison treatment: and taking a local conventional fertilization and cultivation management mode as a control, and not applying a soil conditioner.
(2) Treating with a soil conditioner: on the basis of a local conventional fertilization mode, 0.5 kg of soil conditioner is uniformly applied to each plant in spring every year, and then the plants are subjected to rotary tillage for 20 cm to be uniformly mixed with soil.
2.6.3 results and analysis
And harvesting the peaches of the soil conditioner treatment group and the control treatment group respectively, weighing and counting the yield. As can be seen from table 16, application of the soil conditioner increased the yield of peaches. Compared with the average mu yield increase of 563.5kg in 2016, the yield increase of the fertilizer is 18.0%. The yield of the treated soil conditioner is increased by 609.3kg compared with the average acre of the reference in 2017, and the yield is increased by 19.0 percent. Compared with the average increase of 610.3kg per mu of the reference in 2018 years of soil conditioner treatment, the increase of yield is 18.9%. Analysis of variance results indicated that the yield differences between treatments were at a very significant level. See also fig. 4, which shows the quality, sweetness enhancement of peaches after application of the soil conditioner. The peach trees treated by the soil conditioner have the advantages of preventing and treating black spot, improving the quality of peaches and increasing the yield by about 30 percent.
TABLE 16 Effect of soil conditioner application on peach yield (kg/acre)
2.6.4 nodules
Tests show that after the peach is applied with the soil conditioner, compared with control treatment, the peach yield can be improved, the peach yield is increased by 113.7-133.7kg per mu on average, the peach yield is increased by 18.0% -19.0%, and the yield difference reaches an extremely significant level.
(III) conclusion
Through three-year continuous fixed-point plot experiments, the yield increasing effect of the soil conditioner on different areas, different soils and different crops is researched and analyzed. The results show that after the soil conditioner is applied, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, the growth and development of crops are promoted, and the yield of test crops is remarkably improved, which shows that the soil conditioner has a better application prospect.
It is to be understood that while the application is illustrated in certain forms, it is not limited to what has been shown and described herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the application. Such variations are within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims (10)
1. A soil conditioner comprising organic matter, iron oxide, perlite and calcium hydroxide, preferably wherein the organic matter comprises humic acid.
2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner, by weight,
the content of the organic matter is not less than 20 percent, and preferably not less than 40 percent; and/or
The content of the iron oxide is not lower than 10%; and/or
The content of the perlite is not lower than 5 percent; and/or
The content of the calcium hydroxide is not less than 2%.
3. A soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the humic acid content is not less than 15%, preferably not less than 17%, more preferably not less than 20% by weight.
4. A soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pH of the soil conditioner is not less than 6.0.
5. The soil conditioner of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the soil conditioner has a water content of no greater than 8% by weight.
6. A soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the soil conditioner contains no heavy metals or only small amounts of heavy metals, preferably the content of heavy metals is less than 0.1%, more preferably less than 0.05% by weight.
7. A method of preparing a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises: mixing iron oxide, organic matters, perlite and calcium hydroxide, and treating to obtain the soil conditioner, wherein the treatment is preferably powdering treatment.
8. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the soil conditioner prepared by the method according to claim 7 for improving soil physicochemical properties, preferably the soil physicochemical properties comprise soil crack status, soil water-stable aggregate structure, soil volume weight and porosity, soil field water holding capacity and wilting coefficient, and soil pH value and cation exchange capacity.
9. Use of the soil conditioner of any one of claims 1 to 6 or prepared by the method of claim 7 for the elimination of soil compaction and/or loosening of soil.
10. Use of a soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or prepared by a method according to claim 7 for promoting the growth and/or increasing the yield of a crop, preferably selected from the group consisting of wheat, green Chinese onion, corn, soybean, rice, canola, kidney bean and peach.
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