CN113134211A - Low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block - Google Patents
Low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block Download PDFInfo
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- CN113134211A CN113134211A CN202110441889.7A CN202110441889A CN113134211A CN 113134211 A CN113134211 A CN 113134211A CN 202110441889 A CN202110441889 A CN 202110441889A CN 113134211 A CN113134211 A CN 113134211A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block, which relates to the field of fire fighting, and comprises the following fire extinguishing components in parts by mass: 60-75 parts of an oxidizing agent, 15-25 parts of a reducing agent, 6-16 parts of a regulating assistant and 3-5 parts of an adhesive, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises: calcium perchlorate, the reductant includes: dicyandiamide, the conditioning aid comprising: magnesium oxalate and magnesium powder. The fire extinguishing block provided by the invention has the advantages of high insulation, cleanness, low-temperature working condition, no corrosion and space saving, and can be used for long-term loaded electrical equipment cabinets such as power distribution cabinets, electrical equipment control cabinets, network communication cabinets, charging piles and the like and other relatively closed spaces with fire hazard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing and fire fighting, in particular to a low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block.
Background
The prior art discloses a variety of fire extinguishing agents, representative of which include the following three:
the first is a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent, which is liquid at ambient temperature, because it evaporates only 1/25 times as much as water and has a vapor pressure 25 times that of water, which makes it easy to vaporize and exist in a gaseous state, which relies mainly on heat absorption to achieve the fire extinguishing effect. The perfluorohexanone is liquid at normal temperature, is not a dangerous article, can be safely stored and transported (including air transportation) in a wide temperature range by using a common container under the normal pressure state, does not need pressure containers for storage and transportation like other halon substitutes, but has a boiling point of 48-49 ℃, has certain limitation on the application of the perfluorohexanone serving as a fire extinguishing agent, and is used as a substitute for a halon 1211 fire extinguisher, or a total flooding system and a local application system for B-type fire protection.
The second one is heptafluoropropane (fire detector), which is gaseous at normal temperature, and has no color, smell, electricity and corrosion, no environmental limitation and short atmosphere retention period. The fire extinguishing mechanism is mainly to interrupt the burning chain, and the fire extinguishing speed is very fast, which is beneficial to the rescue protection of precise electronic equipment and valuables. The concentration of non-toxic reaction (NOAEL) of heptafluoropropane is 9%, the concentration of toxic reaction (LOAEL) is 10.5%, the designed concentration of heptafluoropropane is generally less than 10%, and the heptafluoropropane-containing composite is safe to human bodies. Its advantages are high cleaning performance (no residue after being evaporated in atmosphere), high electric insulating performance and high physical performance suitable for fire extinguishing system. In the early 90 s of the 20 th century, heptafluoropropane was used to replace the Halon fire extinguishing system and was successful in developed industrial countries.
The two fire extinguishing agents have the problems of low toxicity (harm to human bodies), micro corrosivity (harm to equipment), high manufacturing cost and maintenance cost and adverse effect caused by one-time mistaken spraying, and one of the most remarkable defects is that the container occupies a large volume and cannot be arranged at a potential ignition point in a small micro space.
With the development of technology, the skilled person developed aerosol fire extinguishing agents distinguished from halogenated alkanes and inert gases, the principle of which includes three aspects: a. and (3) gas-phase chemical inhibition, namely under the action of heat, gasified metal ions or cations losing electrons decomposed in the fire extinguishing aerosol can perform affinity reaction with active groups in combustion, so that a large amount of active groups are repeatedly consumed, and combustion free radicals are reduced. b. And (3) solid phase chemical inhibition, wherein the particle size of particles in the fire extinguishing aerosol is very small (10 < -9 > -10 < -6 > m), the particles have very large surface area and surface energy, active groups in combustion can be adsorbed, chemical action is generated, a large amount of active groups are consumed, and combustion free radicals are reduced. c. The oxygen concentration is reduced, N2 and CO2 in the fire extinguishing aerosol can reduce the oxygen concentration in combustion, but the speed is slow, and the fire extinguishing effect is far less than that of heat absorption, temperature reduction and chemical inhibition.
The relatively mature aerosol fire extinguishing agent for commercial application in the prior art is the S-shaped aerosol fire extinguishing agent, but the working condition temperature of the S-shaped aerosol fire extinguishing agent is very high, so that secondary combustion to equipment is easily caused, and in addition, because the working condition temperature is very high, the danger of explosion exists in the process of instantly spraying high-temperature and high-pressure gas. On the other hand, potassium nitrate or strontium nitrate is often used in S-type aerosol fire extinguishing agents, although the fire extinguishing effect is good, potassium oxide and strontium oxide which are redox products are easy to absorb moisture in air to deliquesce, and the deliquescence can corrode equipment and the environment in a protected area, and can cause the equipment to be scrapped if the deliquescence is serious. Finally, compared with the halogenated alkane type and inert gas fire extinguishing agents, the S-type aerosol is not a clean fire extinguishing agent product, aerosol particles are not easy to settle, and equipment failure is easy to cause.
Therefore, those skilled in the art have devoted themselves to develop a fire extinguishing block suitable for small micro-space, which has good insulation, cleanness, low-temperature working condition and no corrosiveness.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the fire extinguishing agent in the prior art cannot simultaneously satisfy the conditions of good insulation, low temperature working condition, no corrosiveness and space saving.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block, which comprises the following fire extinguishing components in percentage by mass: 60-75 parts of oxidant, 15-25 parts of reducing agent, 6-16 parts of regulating assistant and 3-5 parts of adhesive,
the oxidizing agent comprises: calcium perchlorate, the reductant includes: dicyandiamide, the conditioning aid comprising: magnesium oxalate and magnesium powder;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-75 parts of calcium perchlorate, 15-25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1-4 parts of magnesium oxalate and 1-2 parts of magnesium powder;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 62-70 parts of calcium perchlorate, 20-25 parts of dicyandiamide, 3-4 parts of magnesium oxalate and 1 part of magnesium powder;
further, the adjusting aid further comprises: 2-4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium citrate and 1-4 parts of hexamethylenetetramine;
further, the adhesive is 3-5 parts of polyurethane resin;
further, the adjusting aid further comprises: 3-4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 1-2 parts of hexamethylenetetramine,
the adhesive is: 3-4 parts of polyurethane resin;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70 parts of calcium perchlorate, 15 parts of dicyandiamide, 3 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 4 parts of polyurethane resin and 1 part of magnesium powder;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 64 parts of calcium perchlorate, 25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1 part of hexamethylenetetramine, 1 part of magnesium oxalate, 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 3 parts of polyurethane resin and 1 part of magnesium powder;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 parts of calcium perchlorate, 20 parts of dicyandiamide, 4 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 2 parts of magnesium oxalate, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 3 parts of polyurethane resin and 2 parts of magnesium powder;
further, the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 parts of calcium perchlorate, 23 parts of dicyandiamide, 2 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2 parts of sodium citrate, 5 parts of polyurethane resin and 2 parts of magnesium powder.
Technical effects
The invention takes the calcium perchlorate as an oxidant, adjusts the proportion of the calcium perchlorate and the dicyandiamide, and the prepared product can reduce the corrosivity to electrical equipment and ensure good fire extinguishing efficiency which reaches 42.86g/m3Far below the national standard dosage. The fire extinguishing block of the invention has excellent performanceThe insulation property can effectively protect the precision equipment and the environmental safety of a combustion area; the reaction temperature of the fire extinguishing agent is about 570 ℃, the possibility of secondary combustion of field equipment can be greatly reduced while the fire extinguishing time is shortened, and the fire extinguishing agent is suitable for long-term loaded electrical equipment cabinets such as power distribution cabinets, electrical equipment control cabinets, network communication cabinets, charging piles and the like and other relatively closed spaces with fire danger hidden dangers.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared thermometry chart of a fire extinguishing block in operation in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The fire extinguishing principle of the fire extinguishing block provided by the invention is shown in figure 1,
the core principle of the fire extinguishing block is to rapidly reduce combustible free radicals of a combustion source, and comprises three aspects:
physical inhibition: the fire extinguishing block absorbs a large amount of heat at high temperature, and generates physical heat absorption processes such as hot melting, gasification and the like, so that the temperature of flame is reduced, the process of gasifying and cracking the molecules of a combustible substance into free radicals is further influenced, and the combustion reaction speed is effectively inhibited.
Chemical inhibition: the gas phase substance generated by the fire extinguishing block reaction can be combined with metal ions or cations losing electrons, and meanwhile, the solid phase substance generated by the fire extinguishing block has small particle size and certain surface energy. Both can adsorb active groups in combustion and generate chemical action, so that a large amount of active groups are consumed, combustion free radicals are reduced, and chemical inhibition is realized.
And (3) reducing the oxygen concentration: a large amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide generated in the reaction of the fire extinguishing block can reduce the oxygen concentration in combustion, has a certain auxiliary fire extinguishing effect, and is used as effective supplement for heat absorption, temperature reduction and chemical inhibition.
The fire extinguishing block usually has a positive correlation in the reaction process, and the combustion speed and the combustion temperature are positively correlated. In detail, the faster the fire extinguishing block burns, the higher the burning temperature; the slower the fire block burns, the lower the temperature of combustion. The problem of too high combustion temperature is that secondary ignition is caused, equipment is ignited, and loss is aggravated. Therefore, the magnesium powder and the magnesium oxalate are added into the fire extinguishing block, wherein the magnesium powder can control the burning speed of the fire extinguishing block, so that the fire extinguishing block can burn stably (without too fast reaction speed), and in addition, the magnesium oxalate can reduce the burning temperature of the fire extinguishing block and prevent the temperature from being too high.
In order to verify the working condition temperature, the insulativity, the non-corrosiveness, the fire extinguishing capability and other performances of the fire extinguishing block, the inventor designs the following experiments:
in the corrosion test, copper plates and aluminum plates (150mm x 30mm x 2mm) with oxide films removed are placed in a watch glass, the opposite corners of the watch glass are placed at the bottom of a fire extinguishing block experiment collection box (300mm x 300mm), the test is carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65%, a reactor is placed in an experiment box, an electric heating sheet is used for igniting the fire extinguishing block sample, smoke is released, and the sample is taken out after 45 minutes of combustion is finished. And (3) placing the alloy into a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of 35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85%, keeping for 72 hours so as to observe the corrosion condition of the smoke sediment on the metal sheet, and finally calculating the corrosion weight loss of the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet by removing rust on the surface.
Insulation test experiment: the dried PVC test plates (50mm x 2mm) were placed flat in a petri dish, which was then placed in an experimental collection box of fire-extinguishing blocks 150mm from the ground and tested at a temperature of 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 65%. Igniting the fire extinguishing block sample by using an electric heating piece, releasing fire extinguishing smoke, taking out the fire extinguishing block sample after the burning of the sample is finished for 45 minutes, putting the fire extinguishing block sample into a constant-temperature constant-humidity box with the temperature of 35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90 percent, keeping the fire extinguishing block sample for 45 minutes, and taking out the fire extinguishing block sample to perform resistance measurement by using a Shanghai Meger ZC-7 megohmmeter.
The two experimental methods described above were applied in examples 1 to 4 below.
Example 1
The fire extinguishing block is prepared by weighing the following components in parts by weight:
70 parts of calcium perchlorate, 15 parts of dicyandiamide, 3 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 1 part of magnesium powder, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate and 4 parts of polyurethane resin.
15g of the formulation described in example 1 were weighed out and subjected to a fire extinguishing test in a test chamber having a volume of 0.35m3, with a fire extinguishing time of 29s and a fire extinguishing efficacy of 42.86g/m 3. The corrosivity test is carried out on the combustion product, the weight loss rate of the copper sheet is 0.052 percent, the weight loss rate of the aluminum sheet is 0.085 percent, and the insulation test result is 126M omega
Example 2
The fire extinguishing block is prepared by weighing the following components in parts by weight:
64 parts of calcium perchlorate, 25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1 part of hexamethylenetetramine, 1 part of magnesium oxalate, 1 part of magnesium powder, 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate and 3 parts of polyurethane resin.
15g of the formulation described in example 2 was weighed out and subjected to a fire extinguishing test in a test chamber having a volume of 0.35m3, with a fire extinguishing time of 26s and a fire extinguishing efficacy of 42.86g/m 3. And (3) carrying out a corrosion test on the combustion product, wherein the weight loss rate of the copper sheet is 0.013%, the weight loss rate of the aluminum sheet is 0.062%, and the insulation test result is 129M omega.
Example 3
The fire extinguishing block is prepared by weighing the following components in parts by weight:
65 parts of calcium perchlorate, 20 parts of dicyandiamide, 4 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 2 parts of magnesium oxalate, 2 parts of magnesium powder, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate and 3 parts of polyurethane resin.
15g of the formulation described in example 3 were weighed out and subjected to a fire extinguishing test in a test chamber having a volume of 0.35m3, with a fire extinguishing time of 33s and a fire extinguishing efficacy of 42.86g/m 3. The corrosion test is carried out on the combustion product, the weight loss rate of the copper sheet is 0.076 percent, the weight loss rate of the aluminum sheet is 0.173 percent, and the insulation test result is 130M omega
Example 4
Weighing the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of calcium perchlorate, 23 parts of dicyandiamide, 2 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 2 parts of magnesium powder, 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2 parts of sodium citrate and 5 parts of polyurethane resin.
15g of the formulation described in example 4 were weighed out and subjected to a fire extinguishing test in a test chamber having a volume of 0.35m3, with a fire extinguishing time of 35s and a fire extinguishing efficacy of 42.86g/m 3. And (3) carrying out a corrosivity test on the combustion product, wherein the weight loss rate of the copper sheet is 0.045%, the weight loss rate of the aluminum sheet is 0.083%, and the insulation test result is 128M omega.
The mass of the fire extinguishing block provided by the invention can be adjusted manually, and when the mass of the fire extinguishing block is smaller, the fire extinguishing block is suitable for extinguishing fire in a small micro space, and the small micro space refers to a power distribution cabinet, a battery box, a control box, an electric meter box and the like. When the mass is larger, the fire extinguishing block provided by the invention is suitable for large spaces, such as machine rooms, control rooms and the like.
Fig. 1 is an infrared temperature measurement diagram of a thermal fuming mist type fire extinguishing block under a low-temperature working condition, and it can be seen that the maximum temperature 573 ℃ of the whole combustion process is far lower than the combustion temperature of the traditional S-shaped aerosol in the prior art, the working temperature of the traditional aerosol fire extinguishing agent is above 700 ℃, some working temperatures even reach thousands of degrees, and secondary combustion of a monitored object is easily caused.
As can be seen from the above, the fire extinguishing block of the invention has good fire extinguishing efficiency while ensuring the reduction of the corrosion performance of combustion products, and the inactivation efficiency reaches 42.86g/m3 which is far lower than the national standard dosage. In addition, the fire extinguishing block has excellent insulating property, and can effectively protect precise electrical equipment and a use environment in a combustion area. The reaction temperature of the fire extinguishing agent is about 570 ℃, so that the fire extinguishing time is shortened, and the possibility of secondary combustion of field equipment and environmental combustible materials is greatly reduced. The device is suitable for long-term loaded electrical equipment cabinets such as power distribution cabinets, electrical equipment control cabinets, network communication cabinets and charging piles and other relatively closed space environments with fire risks.
Claims (10)
1. A fire extinguishing block under low temperature working condition is characterized in that,
the fire extinguishing block comprises the following fire extinguishing components in parts by mass: 60-75 parts of oxidant, 15-25 parts of reducing agent, 6-16 parts of regulating assistant and 3-5 parts of adhesive,
the oxidizing agent comprises: calcium perchlorate, the reductant includes: dicyandiamide, the conditioning aid comprising: magnesium oxalate and magnesium powder.
2. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-75 parts of calcium perchlorate, 15-25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1-4 parts of magnesium oxalate and 1-2 parts of magnesium powder.
3. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 2, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 62-70 parts of calcium perchlorate, 20-25 parts of dicyandiamide, 3-4 parts of magnesium oxalate and 1 part of magnesium powder.
4. The fire extinguishing block for low temperature conditions of claim 1, wherein the conditioning aid further comprises: 2-4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium citrate and 1-4 parts of hexamethylenetetramine.
5. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adhesive is 3-5 parts of polyurethane resin.
6. The low temperature condition fire extinguishing block of claim 5, wherein the conditioning aid further comprises: 3-4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 1-2 parts of hexamethylenetetramine,
the adhesive is: 3-4 parts of polyurethane resin.
7. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 5, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70 parts of calcium perchlorate, 15 parts of dicyandiamide, 3 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 4 parts of polyurethane resin and 1 part of magnesium powder.
8. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 5, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 64 parts of calcium perchlorate, 25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1 part of hexamethylenetetramine, 1 part of magnesium oxalate, 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 3 parts of polyurethane resin and 1 part of magnesium powder.
9. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 5, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 parts of calcium perchlorate, 20 parts of dicyandiamide, 4 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 2 parts of magnesium oxalate, 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium citrate, 3 parts of polyurethane resin and 2 parts of magnesium powder.
10. The low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block according to claim 5, wherein the fire extinguishing block comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 parts of calcium perchlorate, 23 parts of dicyandiamide, 2 parts of hexamethylenetetramine, 4 parts of magnesium oxalate, 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2 parts of sodium citrate, 5 parts of polyurethane resin and 2 parts of magnesium powder.
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| CN202110441889.7A CN113134211A (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2021-04-23 | Low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110441889.7A CN113134211A (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2021-04-23 | Low-temperature working condition fire extinguishing block |
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| CN1386554A (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2002-12-25 | 郭鸿宝 | Fire-extinguishing aerosol without toxicity and corrosion for electric appliance |
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| CN101088580A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2007-12-19 | 陕西坚瑞化工有限责任公司 | Fire extinguishing aerosol composition suitable for use for common electric equipment |
| CN104998367A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-28 | 北京众慧诚科技有限公司 | Burning type fire extinguishing composition |
| CN106621165A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-05-10 | 南京理工大学 | Low-temperature S-type aerosol fire extinguishing agent |
| CN108355293A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-03 | 天津鹏安数讯消防设备工程有限公司 | A kind of S types hot-gas sol fire extinguishing agent |
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2021
- 2021-04-23 CN CN202110441889.7A patent/CN113134211A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1386554A (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2002-12-25 | 郭鸿宝 | Fire-extinguishing aerosol without toxicity and corrosion for electric appliance |
| CN101088580A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2007-12-19 | 陕西坚瑞化工有限责任公司 | Fire extinguishing aerosol composition suitable for use for common electric equipment |
| CN101085400A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2007-12-12 | 陕西坚瑞化工有限责任公司 | Aerosol fire fighting composition for preventing and reducing secondary damage to ,electrical installation |
| CN104998367A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-28 | 北京众慧诚科技有限公司 | Burning type fire extinguishing composition |
| CN106621165A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-05-10 | 南京理工大学 | Low-temperature S-type aerosol fire extinguishing agent |
| CN108355293A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-03 | 天津鹏安数讯消防设备工程有限公司 | A kind of S types hot-gas sol fire extinguishing agent |
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