CN113128008A - Sub-basin dividing and coding method reflecting subsurface bedding surface type characteristics - Google Patents
Sub-basin dividing and coding method reflecting subsurface bedding surface type characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sub-basin dividing and encoding method for reflecting the type characteristics of an subsurface bedding surface, which comprises the steps of calculating the flow direction and grid convergence cumulant of each grid in a basin based on DEM grid data, and respectively extracting a simulated river network and a simulated channel, thereby dividing the basin grid into a river channel grid, a channel grid and a slope grid; tracing and traversing the traceback from the drainage basin outlet, dividing the sub drainage basins by adopting different sub drainage basin division modes according to different underlying surface type characteristics, numbering each sub drainage basin and determining the flow direction of each sub drainage basin; determining the relation between main flow and branch flow flowing into the sub-basin at the upstream and different underlying surface type characteristic attributes according to the flow direction and the confluence area of the sub-basins; and compiling a sub-basin convergence relation attribute table according to the sub-basin division result, the upstream and downstream relation and the related characteristic attribute information. The advantages are that: different hydrological simulation processes can be dynamically called according to different sub-basin unit attributes, and different underlying surface type differential simulation is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological models, in particular to a sub-basin dividing and encoding method for reflecting subsurface bedding surface type characteristics.
Background
In the construction application of the large-scale watershed distributed hydrological model, the sub-watersheds are adopted for dividing the calculation units and coding the calculation units, so that the basis of hydrological simulation is provided. In general, the divided sub-watersheds are assumed to have the same production and confluence structure, and simulation is performed according to the sequence of slope production flow, slope confluence and river confluence. However, in some special types of sub-flow domains, there may be special analog requirements or a lack of partial links. For example, when the plain areas are divided according to square grids, some plain units do not have corresponding riverways, at this time, a riverway confluence process does not exist, and additional underground water exchange processes exist among different plain area units; when the water surface of the lake wetland is divided into sub-basins, the adjustment and storage simulation of the water quantity of the lake wetland is needed, and the partial sub-basins which are imported into the lake wetland have no river confluence process and the like. At this time, the conventional encoding method cannot adapt to new requirements, and needs to add new attributes to reflect the specificity of different sub-basin units, and call different hydrological simulation modules based on the new attributes.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for sub-watershed partition and coding that reflects subsurface type characteristics, thereby solving the aforementioned problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sub-basin dividing and coding method reflecting subsurface bedding surface type characteristics comprises the following steps,
s1, calculating the flow direction and grid convergence cumulant of each grid in the flow domain based on DEM grid data, and respectively extracting a simulated river network and a simulated channel based on a set river channel threshold value and a set channel threshold value, so that the flow domain grid is divided into a river channel grid, a channel grid and a slope grid, wherein the slope grid is a non-channel grid;
s2, tracing and traversing traces from the outlet of the watershed, dividing the whole watershed into sub watersheds with different numbers by adopting different sub watershed division modes according to different underlying surface type characteristics, numbering each sub watershed and determining the flow direction of each sub watershed;
s3, determining the relationship between main flow and branch flow flowing into each sub-basin at the upstream and different underlying surface type characteristic attributes according to the flow direction and the confluence area of each sub-basin;
and S4, compiling a sub-basin convergence relation attribute table according to the sub-basin division result, the upstream and downstream relation and the related characteristic attribute information.
Preferably, in step S1, the grid flow direction is calculated by using the D8 algorithm, that is, the flow direction of the grid flowing to the steepest-gradient grid among the 8 grids around the grid is taken as the flow direction of the grid; the gradient is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the elevation of the current grid and the elevation of the adjacent grid to the distance between the current grid and the adjacent grid, the gradient is steeper when the ratio is larger, and when the ratio is a negative number, the adjacent grid is indicated to flow to the grid; the distance between the grid and the four grids above, below, left and right is 1 grid unit long; the distance between the grid and 4 grids on its diagonal is
A unit length; the grid confluence cumulative number is the sum of the number of upstream grids which are merged into the current grid according to the flow direction.
Preferably, in step S1, the river channel threshold is greater than or equal to the channel threshold, so as to ensure that the channel grid and the river channel grid can be extracted through the channel threshold; if the confluence cumulant of a certain grid is greater than the channel threshold value, judging the grid to be an undetermined grid, otherwise, judging the grid to be a slope grid; if the confluence cumulant of the grid to be determined is larger than the river channel threshold, determining that the grid to be determined is a river channel grid, otherwise, determining that the grid to be determined is a channel grid; all the river channel grids form a simulated river network together; all the channel grids jointly form an analog channel; the simulation river network is used for simulating a river confluence process in a flow domain; the simulation channel is used for simulating the underground water-channel flow production process, and the channel flow production directly enters the river channel.
Preferably, several types of sub-basin dividing patterns are included in step S2, as follows,
general river network division mode: assigning the same sub-basin number to all river channel grids in the river reach and all channel grids and slope grids converged into each river channel grid on the basis of continuous non-forked river reach in the simulated river network, and processing the sub-basin number as a sub-basin unit; wherein, the division points of the non-bifurcation river reach can be natural river bifurcation, artificially designated division points, junction points of the lake wetland and the simulated river network, and junction points of the plain area and the simulated river network;
the lake wetland division mode is as follows: assigning all grids in the lake wetland range to the same sub-basin code, and treating the grids as a sub-basin unit; assigning all channel grids and slope grids which directly flow into the lake wetland range to be the lake wetland sub-basin number +1, and treating as a sub-basin unit; processing the grids flowing into the lake through the river channel grids according to a general river network division mode; the lake and the wetland in the river basin are used as a unified system to be coded, the corresponding water body is represented, and the codes are natural serial numbers from 1;
plain division mode: processing each grid in the plain range as a sub-basin unit; assigning the same sub-basin number to all non-plain grids directly flowing into the same plain grid as a sub-basin unit for processing; if there is a plain region grid upstream of the incoming non-plain grid, then the plain partitioning pattern is recursively invoked.
Preferably, in step S3, the method for determining the main-branch flow relationship of the upstream inflow sub-basin of a certain sub-basin is that, according to the accumulated amount of the grid confluence at the outlet of the upstream sub-basin, the largest sub-basin is taken as the main flow of the river, and the rest are taken as the branches; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has a river channel grid, the river channel sub-basin is used as a river channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has no river channel grids but channel grids, the inflowing branch sub-basin is used as a channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has neither river channel grid nor channel grid, the inflowing branch sub-basin is taken as a slope branch; when the upstream sub-basin is coded, assignment is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of the slope branch, the channel branch and the main flow branch.
Preferably, the sub-basin numbers are sequentially increasing natural numbers starting from 1; the upstream and downstream relations of the sub-watershed are recorded in an array form, the number of the sub-watershed where the sub-watershed is located is used as an array subscript, the number of the downstream sub-watershed is recorded as a one-dimensional array, the number of the upstream sub-watershed is recorded as a multi-dimensional array, and the value of no upstream or downstream sub-watershed is 0; and determining the upstream and downstream relationship among the related sub-basins according to the river flow direction and the grid convergence relationship among the lake area, the wetland area and the plain area, and filling the upstream and downstream relationship coefficient groups.
Preferably, the sub-basin underlay type characteristic attribute of step S3 includes the following classes,
(1) dividing the sub-river basin into a river sub-basin, a channel sub-basin and a slope sub-basin according to whether the sub-river basin and the channel exist in the sub-river basin or not; the sub-river basin is characterized in that river channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called river channel sub-basins, channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called channel sub-basins, and the sub-river basin is not provided with the river channel grids and the channel grids and are called slope sub-basins;
(2) dividing the water surface into a mountain sub-basin, a lake sub-basin, a wetland sub-basin and a plain sub-basin according to the type of the underlying surface; the mountain sub-watershed is a residual sub-watershed except a lake sub-watershed, a wetland sub-watershed and a plane-atom watershed;
(3) dividing the river into a main river flow, a branch river flow, a channel branch flow and a slope branch flow according to the relation of the relative downstream sub-basins;
(4) lake wetland coding, 0 means none.
Preferably, the attribute table of the sub-basin convergence relationship includes a current sub-basin number; the number of the downstream sub-basin is equal to 0, and no downstream is found; the number of upstream sub-watersheds; the number of the upstream sub-basin is equal to 0, which indicates no upstream, and the size of the array of the upstream sub-basins is determined by the maximum upstream number of all sub-basins in the basin; marking river channel slope unit, wherein the mark is 2 to indicate a river sub-basin, the mark is 1 to indicate a channel sub-basin, and the mark is 0 to indicate a slope sub-basin; the type of the underlying surface is marked, wherein the mark is 0 to indicate a mountain area, the mark is 1 to indicate a plain, the mark is 2 to indicate a lake, and the mark is 3 to indicate a wetland; marking a relative downstream relation attribute as 3 to represent main stream of the river channel, marking as 2 to represent tributary of the river channel, marking as 1 to represent tributary of the channel, and marking as 0 to represent tributary of the slope; the sub-watershed controls the area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the sub-basin coding traceability rule, it can be determined that the sub-basins with larger sub-basin numbers are positioned at the upstream, so that the simulation can be performed one by one in a descending order according to the sub-basin numbers, and the condition that the upstream sub-basin completes the relevant convergence calculation when the convergence calculation is performed on a certain sub-basin can be ensured. 2. Different hydrological simulation processes can be dynamically called according to different sub-basin unit attributes, and different underlying surface differential simulation is achieved. For example, the river sub-basin needs to carry out three-level simulation of slope production convergence, channel production convergence and river production convergence; the channel sub-watershed needs to carry out slope production convergence and channel production convergence simulation, and the channel convergence amount of the channel sub-watershed directly enters a river channel of the current sub-watershed; the slope surface sub-basin needs slope surface production convergence simulation, and the slope surface convergence quantity is used as the input of the channel convergence process of the current sub-basin; the plain atomic watershed needs to perform surface water and underground water exchange simulation with the peripheral plain atomic watershed; water balance simulation is needed in lake and wetland sub-basins.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a partitioning and encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating sub-basin partitioning and flow direction results according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of sub-stream domain coding according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table of attributes of sub-domain convergence relationships according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, there is provided a sub-watershed segmentation and coding method reflecting subsurface type characteristics, comprising the following steps,
s1, calculating the flow direction and grid convergence cumulant of each grid in the flow domain based on DEM grid data, and respectively extracting a simulated river network and a simulated channel based on a set river channel threshold value and a set channel threshold value, so that the flow domain grid is divided into a river channel grid, a channel grid and a slope grid, wherein the slope grid is a non-channel grid;
s2, tracing and traversing traces from the outlet of the watershed, dividing the whole watershed into sub watersheds with different numbers by adopting different sub watershed division modes according to different underlying surface type characteristics, numbering each sub watershed and determining the flow direction of each sub watershed;
s3, determining the relationship between main flow and branch flow flowing into each sub-basin at the upstream and different underlying surface type characteristic attributes according to the flow direction and the confluence area of each sub-basin;
and S4, compiling a sub-basin convergence relation attribute table according to the sub-basin division result, the upstream and downstream relation and the related characteristic attribute information.
In this embodiment, the dividing and encoding method mainly includes four parts of contents, and the following explanation is made for the above four steps.
Calculating the flow direction and grid convergence cumulant of each grid in the flow field based on DEM grid data, and respectively extracting a simulated river network and a simulated channel based on a set river channel threshold and a set channel threshold
The grid flow direction is calculated by adopting a D8 algorithm, namely the flow direction of the grid flowing to the grid with the steepest gradient in 8 grids at the periphery of the grid is taken as the flow direction of the grid; slope is calculated as current grid elevation and adjacent gridThe ratio of the difference of the grid elevations to the distance between the grid elevations and the grid elevation is larger, the gradient is steeper, and when the ratio is a negative number, the flow of the adjacent grids to the grid is indicated; the distance between the grid and the four grids above, below, left and right is 1 grid unit long; the distance between the grid and 4 grids on its diagonal is
A unit length; the grid confluence cumulative number is the sum of the number of upstream grids which are merged into the current grid according to the flow direction.
The channel threshold is greater than or equal to the channel threshold, so that channel grids and channel grids can be extracted through the channel threshold; if the confluence cumulant of a certain grid is greater than the channel threshold value, judging the grid to be an undetermined grid, otherwise, judging the grid to be a slope grid; if the confluence cumulant of the grid to be determined is larger than the river channel threshold, determining that the grid to be determined is a river channel grid, otherwise, determining that the grid to be determined is a channel grid; all the river channel grids form a simulated river network together; all the channel grids jointly form an analog channel; the simulation river network is used for simulating a river confluence process in a flow domain; the simulation channel is used for simulating the underground water-channel flow production process, and the channel flow production directly enters the river channel.
When DEM is extracted, the river channel and the channel are basically consistent in concept, namely when the confluence accumulation number of a certain grid is greater than a given threshold value, the grid is considered to be a river channel grid or a channel grid, and the river channel threshold value is greater than or equal to the channel threshold value, so that the grid extracted by the channel threshold value can be the integration of the river channel grid and the channel grid.
The extracted watershed grids mainly comprise three types, namely river channel grids, channel grids and slope grids, wherein the slope grids are non-river channel grids and non-channel grids.
Secondly, tracing and traversing the traceback from the outlet of the watershed, dividing the whole watershed into sub watersheds with different numbers by adopting different sub watershed division modes according to different underlying surface type characteristics, numbering each sub watershed and determining the flow direction of each sub watershed
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, several types of sub-basin partition modes are included, which are as follows,
general river network division mode: assigning the same sub-basin number to all river channel grids in the river reach and all channel grids and slope grids converged into each river channel grid on the basis of continuous non-forked river reach in the simulated river network, and processing the sub-basin number as a sub-basin unit; the division points of the non-bifurcation river reach can be natural river bifurcation, artificially designated division points, junction points of a lake wetland and a simulated river network, junction points of a plain area and the simulated river network and the like;
the lake wetland division mode is as follows: assigning all grids in the lake wetland range to the same sub-basin code, and treating the grids as a sub-basin unit; assigning all channel grids and slope grids which directly flow into the lake wetland range to be the lake wetland sub-basin number +1, and treating as a sub-basin unit; processing the grids flowing into the lake through the river channel grids according to a general river network division mode; the lake and the wetland in the river basin are used as a unified system to be coded, the corresponding water body is represented, and the codes are natural serial numbers from 1;
plain division mode: processing each grid in the plain range as a sub-basin unit; assigning the same sub-basin number to all non-plain grids directly flowing into the same plain grid as a sub-basin unit for processing; if there is a plain region grid upstream of the incoming non-plain grid, then the plain partitioning pattern is recursively invoked.
Specifically, the sub-watershed division is based on the principle that all grids flowing into the same river reach are marked with the same sub-watershed number and are treated as a sub-watershed unit.
For a lake area or a wetland area, grids in the whole lake area or wetland area are assigned with the same sub-basin number and treated as a sub-basin unit; the grids flowing into the lake area or the wetland area are treated in two situations,
A. the related grids flow into the river channel grids firstly and then flow into the lake area or the wetland area from the river channel grids; the number of the sub-basin in this case is determined according to the number of the river reach into which the sub-basin flows;
B. all grids (including channel grids and slope grids) which directly flow into the lake region or the wetland region without passing through the river channel grids are divided into the same sub-basin, and the number of the sub-basins is + 1;
when the sub-watershed is divided into the lake area or the wetland area, firstly, the grid in the lake area or the wetland area is used as a sub-watershed unit to be coded, then, the non-river channel grid flowing into the lake area or the wetland area is used as a sub-watershed unit to be coded, and finally, the river channel grid with a plurality of branches flowing into the lake area or the wetland area and the grid flowing into the river reach are coded.
For a plain area, directly processing the grid unit as a calculation unit; assigning the same sub-basin number to all non-plain grids directly flowing into the same plain grid as a sub-basin unit for processing; if there is a plain region grid upstream of the incoming non-plain grid, then the plain partitioning pattern is recursively invoked.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the sub-basin is a natural number sequentially increasing from 1; the upstream and downstream relations of the sub-watershed are recorded in an array form, the number of the sub-watershed where the sub-watershed is located is used as an array subscript, the number of the downstream sub-watershed is recorded as a one-dimensional array, the number of the upstream sub-watershed is recorded as a multi-dimensional array, and the value of no upstream or downstream sub-watershed is 0; and determining the upstream and downstream relationship among the related sub-basins according to the river flow direction and the grid convergence relationship among the lake area, the wetland area and the plain area, and filling the upstream and downstream relationship coefficient groups. The tracing is started from the river mouth, so that the sub-watersheds with small numbers are positioned at the downstream of the watershed, the sub-watersheds with large numbers are positioned at the upstream, and the sub-watersheds can be arranged in a descending order according to the numbers of the sub-watersheds during the hydrological model simulation calculation, so that when a certain sub-watersheds is simulated, the sub-watersheds at the upstream of the certain sub-watersheds already complete the corresponding production convergence calculation process, and the sub-watersheds at the downstream can directly use the output of the sub-waters.
Thirdly, determining the relation between main flow and branch flow flowing into each sub-basin at the upstream and different underlying surface type characteristic attributes according to the flow direction and the confluence area of each sub-basin
In this embodiment, the method for determining the main-branch flow relationship of the upstream inflow sub-basin of a certain sub-basin is that, according to the aggregate amount of grid convergence of the river channel at the outlet of the upstream sub-basin, the largest sub-basin is taken as the main flow of the river channel, and the rest are taken as the branch flows; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has a river channel grid, the river channel sub-basin is used as a river channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has no river channel grids but channel grids, the inflowing branch sub-basin is used as a channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has neither river channel grid nor channel grid, the inflowing branch sub-basin is taken as a slope branch; when the upstream sub-basin is coded, assignment is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of the slope branch, the channel branch and the main flow branch.
In this embodiment, the sub-basin characteristic attributes include the following categories:
(1) dividing the sub-river basin into a river sub-basin, a channel sub-basin and a slope sub-basin according to whether the sub-river basin and the channel exist in the sub-river basin or not; the sub-river basin is characterized in that river channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called river channel sub-basins, channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called channel sub-basins, and the sub-river basin is not provided with the river channel grids and the channel grids and are called slope sub-basins;
the river sub-basin mainly performs slope production convergence, channel production convergence and river production convergence process simulation; the channel sub-basin mainly performs slope production convergence and channel production convergence simulation; the slope sub-basin is mainly used for simulating slope production convergence.
(2) Dividing the water surface into a mountain sub-basin, a lake sub-basin, a wetland sub-basin and a plain sub-basin according to the type of the underlying surface; the mountain sub-watershed is a residual sub-watershed except a lake sub-watershed, a wetland sub-watershed and a plane-atom watershed; extra lake water balance calculation simulation is needed in the lake sub-watershed; carrying out underground water exchange simulation with a peripheral plain basin in the plain basin;
(3) dividing the river into a main river flow, a branch river flow, a channel branch flow and a slope branch flow according to the relation of the relative downstream sub-basins;
(4) lake wetland coding, 0 means none.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the sub-basin convergence relationship attribute table includes a current sub-basin number; the number of the downstream sub-basin is equal to 0, and no downstream is found; the number of upstream sub-watersheds; the number of the upstream sub-basin is equal to 0, which indicates no upstream, and the size of the array of the upstream sub-basins is determined by the maximum upstream number of all sub-basins in the basin; marking river channel slope unit, wherein the mark is 2 to indicate a river sub-basin, the mark is 1 to indicate a channel sub-basin, and the mark is 0 to indicate a slope sub-basin; the type of the underlying surface is marked, wherein the mark is 0 to indicate a mountain area, the mark is 1 to indicate a plain, the mark is 2 to indicate a lake, and the mark is 3 to indicate a wetland; marking a relative downstream relation attribute as 3 to represent main stream of the river channel, marking as 2 to represent tributary of the river channel, marking as 1 to represent tributary of the channel, and marking as 0 to represent tributary of the slope; the sub-watershed controls the area.
In this embodiment, in the use process of the hydrological model, the upstream and downstream relations of each sub-basin are determined according to the upstream and downstream relation coefficient groups of the sub-basins, and the simulation is generally performed in descending order according to the number of the sub-basins, so that it can be ensured that the upstream sub-basins complete the relevant convergence calculation when the convergence calculation is performed on a certain sub-basin; dynamically calling different simulation processes according to the unit attributes of the sub-basin convergence relation attribute table to realize differential simulation of different underlying surfaces; specifically comprises
(1) According to the sub-basin coding traceability rule, it can be determined that the sub-basins with larger sub-basin numbers are positioned at the upstream, so that the simulation can be performed one by one in a descending order according to the sub-basin numbers, and the condition that the upstream sub-basin completes the relevant convergence calculation when the convergence calculation is performed on a certain sub-basin can be ensured.
(2) Performing three-level simulation of slope production convergence, channel production convergence and river production convergence on the river sub-watershed; the channel sub-watershed needs to carry out slope production convergence and channel production convergence simulation, and the channel convergence amount of the channel sub-watershed directly enters a river channel of the current sub-watershed; and the slope surface sub-basin needs to perform slope surface production convergence simulation, and the slope surface convergence quantity is used as the input of the channel convergence process of the current sub-basin.
(3) The plain atomic watershed needs to perform surface water and underground water exchange simulation with the peripheral plain atomic watershed.
(4) Water balance simulation is needed in lake and wetland sub-basins.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the invention provides a sub-basin dividing and coding method reflecting the type characteristics of a subsurface pad, which can determine that the sub-basins with larger sub-basin numbers are positioned at the upstream according to the sub-basin coding traceability rule, so that the sub-basins with larger sub-basin numbers can be sequentially simulated one by one in a descending order according to the sub-basin numbers, and the sub-basins at the upstream can be ensured to complete the related convergence calculation when the convergence calculation is carried out on a certain sub-basin. Different hydrological simulation processes can be dynamically called according to different sub-basin unit attributes, and different underlying surface differential simulation is achieved. For example, the river sub-basin needs to carry out three-level simulation of slope production convergence, channel production convergence and river production convergence; the channel sub-watershed needs to carry out slope production convergence and channel production convergence simulation, and the channel convergence amount of the channel sub-watershed directly enters a river channel of the current sub-watershed; the slope surface sub-basin needs slope surface production convergence simulation, and the slope surface convergence quantity is used as the input of the channel convergence process of the current sub-basin; the plain atomic watershed needs to perform surface water and underground water exchange simulation with the peripheral plain atomic watershed; water balance simulation is needed in lake and wetland sub-basins.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A sub-basin dividing and coding method reflecting subsurface bedding surface type characteristics is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, calculating the flow direction and grid convergence cumulant of each grid in the flow domain based on DEM grid data, and respectively extracting a simulated river network and a simulated channel based on a set river channel threshold value and a set channel threshold value, so that the flow domain grid is divided into a river channel grid, a channel grid and a slope grid, wherein the slope grid is a non-channel grid;
s2, tracing and traversing traces from the outlet of the watershed, dividing the whole watershed into sub watersheds with different numbers by adopting different sub watershed division modes according to different underlying surface type characteristics, numbering each sub watershed and determining the flow direction of each sub watershed;
s3, determining the relationship between main flow and branch flow flowing into each sub-basin at the upstream and different underlying surface type characteristic attributes according to the flow direction and the confluence area of each sub-basin;
and S4, compiling a sub-basin convergence relation attribute table according to the sub-basin division result, the upstream and downstream relation and the related characteristic attribute information.
2. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the flow direction of the grid is calculated by using the D8 algorithm, that is, the flow direction of the grid flowing to the grid with the steepest gradient among the 8 grids around the grid is taken as the flow direction of the grid; the gradient is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the elevation of the current grid and the elevation of the adjacent grid to the distance between the current grid and the adjacent grid, the gradient is steeper when the ratio is larger, and when the ratio is a negative number, the adjacent grid is indicated to flow to the grid; the distance between the grid and the four grids above, below, left and right is 1 grid unit long; the distance between the grid and 4 grids on its diagonal is
A unit length; the grid confluence cumulative number is the sum of the number of upstream grids which are merged into the current grid according to the flow direction.
3. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the channel threshold is greater than or equal to the channel threshold, so as to ensure that the channel grid and the channel grid can be extracted through the channel threshold; if the confluence cumulant of a certain grid is greater than the channel threshold value, judging the grid to be an undetermined grid, otherwise, judging the grid to be a slope grid; if the confluence cumulant of the grid to be determined is larger than the river channel threshold, determining that the grid to be determined is a river channel grid, otherwise, determining that the grid to be determined is a channel grid; all the river channel grids form a simulated river network together; all the channel grids jointly form an analog channel; the simulation river network is used for simulating a river confluence process in a flow domain; the simulation channel is used for simulating the underground water-channel flow production process, and the channel flow production directly enters the river channel.
4. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: several types of sub-basin partition modes are included in step S2, as follows,
general river network division mode: assigning the same sub-basin number to all river channel grids in the river reach and all channel grids and slope grids converged into each river channel grid on the basis of continuous non-forked river reach in the simulated river network, and processing the sub-basin number as a sub-basin unit; wherein, the division points of the non-bifurcation river reach can be natural river bifurcation, artificially designated division points, junction points of the lake wetland and the simulated river network, and junction points of the plain area and the simulated river network;
the lake wetland division mode is as follows: assigning all grids in the lake wetland range to the same sub-basin code, and treating the grids as a sub-basin unit; assigning all channel grids and slope grids which directly flow into the lake wetland range to be the lake wetland sub-basin number +1, and treating as a sub-basin unit; processing the grids flowing into the lake through the river channel grids according to a general river network division mode; the lake and the wetland in the river basin are used as a unified system to be coded, the corresponding water body is represented, and the codes are natural serial numbers from 1;
plain division mode: processing each grid in the plain range as a sub-basin unit; assigning the same sub-basin number to all non-plain grids directly flowing into the same plain grid as a sub-basin unit for processing; if there is a plain region grid upstream of the incoming non-plain grid, then the plain partitioning pattern is recursively invoked.
5. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the method for determining the relationship between the main flow and the branch flow of the upstream inflow sub-basin of a certain sub-basin is that according to the aggregate amount of the grid convergence of the river channel at the outlet of the upstream sub-basin, the largest sub-basin is taken as the main flow of the river channel, and the rest are taken as the branches; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has a river channel grid, the river channel sub-basin is used as a river channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has no river channel grids but channel grids, the inflowing branch sub-basin is used as a channel branch; if the inflowing branch sub-basin has neither river channel grid nor channel grid, the inflowing branch sub-basin is taken as a slope branch; when the upstream sub-basin is coded, assignment is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of the slope branch, the channel branch and the main flow branch.
6. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: the sub-basin numbers are natural numbers which are sequentially increased from 1; the upstream and downstream relations of the sub-watershed are recorded in an array form, the number of the sub-watershed where the sub-watershed is located is used as an array subscript, the number of the downstream sub-watershed is recorded as a one-dimensional array, the number of the upstream sub-watershed is recorded as a multi-dimensional array, and the value of no upstream or downstream sub-watershed is 0; and determining the upstream and downstream relationship among the related sub-basins according to the river flow direction and the grid convergence relationship among the lake area, the wetland area and the plain area, and filling the upstream and downstream relationship coefficient groups.
7. The method of sub-watershed segmentation and encoding reflecting subsurface type features of claim 6, wherein: the sub-basin underlay type feature attributes in step S3 include the following categories,
(1) dividing the sub-river basin into a river sub-basin, a channel sub-basin and a slope sub-basin according to whether the sub-river basin and the channel exist in the sub-river basin or not; the sub-river basin is characterized in that river channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called river channel sub-basins, channel grids are arranged in the sub-river basin and are called channel sub-basins, and the sub-river basin is not provided with the river channel grids and the channel grids and are called slope sub-basins;
(2) dividing the water surface into a mountain sub-basin, a lake sub-basin, a wetland sub-basin and a plain sub-basin according to the type of the underlying surface; the mountain sub-watershed is a residual sub-watershed except a lake sub-watershed, a wetland sub-watershed and a plane-atom watershed;
(3) dividing the river into a main river flow, a branch river flow, a channel branch flow and a slope branch flow according to the relation of the relative downstream sub-basins;
(4) lake wetland coding, 0 means none.
8. The method for sub-watershed segmentation and coding with characteristics of subsurface type according to claim 1, wherein: the sub-basin convergence relation attribute table comprises a current sub-basin number; the number of the downstream sub-basin is equal to 0, and no downstream is found; the number of upstream sub-watersheds; the number of the upstream sub-basin is equal to 0, which indicates no upstream, and the size of the array of the upstream sub-basins is determined by the maximum upstream number of all sub-basins in the basin; marking river channel slope unit, wherein the mark is 2 to indicate a river sub-basin, the mark is 1 to indicate a channel sub-basin, and the mark is 0 to indicate a slope sub-basin; the type of the underlying surface is marked, wherein the mark is 0 to indicate a mountain area, the mark is 1 to indicate a plain, the mark is 2 to indicate a lake, and the mark is 3 to indicate a wetland; marking a relative downstream relation attribute as 3 to represent main stream of the river channel, marking as 2 to represent tributary of the river channel, marking as 1 to represent tributary of the channel, and marking as 0 to represent tributary of the slope; the sub-watershed controls the area.
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