CN112906252B - Sub-basin dividing method considering lake reservoir range - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sub-basin dividing method considering the lake reservoir range, which comprises the steps of extracting a simulated river network; editing the lake reservoir range, and numbering the lake reservoirs according to the lake reservoir range; processing each lake reservoir, dividing the lake reservoir range into parts with different numbers according to the simulated river network in the lake reservoir, wherein each part is communicated and divided by the simulated river network; taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, and dividing the river basin into sub-river basins according to river reach; and carrying out turnover processing on the sub-basin numbers to obtain new sub-basin numbers, and generating an upstream attribute table and a downstream attribute table of the sub-basins according to the upstream and downstream relations of each sub-basin. The advantages are that: the lake reservoir is independently used as a sub-basin to be divided, so that the water circulation process in the sub-basin is closer to reality, and the hydrological simulation result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological models, in particular to a sub-basin dividing method considering the lake reservoir range.
Background
The sub-watershed division is the basis of the construction and application of a distributed hydrological model, the accurate sub-watershed division can well reflect the water circulation process of the watershed, however, the conventional sub-watershed division usually ignores the existence of lake reservoirs, and the lake reservoirs are used as common areas for sub-watershed division, or the lake reservoirs are used as mountain areas and are processed together with the conventional areas; this may cause the problems that the lake reservoir is divided into a plurality of sub-flow areas and the sub-flow areas are divided wrongly, which causes the phenomenon that the actual water circulation process is not met, and causes a great error in the final hydrological simulation result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sub-basin dividing method considering the lake and reservoir range, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sub-basin dividing method considering the lake reservoir range comprises the following steps,
s1, calculating the flow direction and confluence cumulant of each grid in the flow field based on DEM data, and extracting a simulated river network based on a set river network threshold;
s2, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation, and numbering the lake reservoir according to the lake reservoir range;
s3, processing each lake reservoir, dividing the lake reservoir range into parts with different numbers according to the simulated river network in the lake reservoir, wherein each part is communicated and divided by the simulated river network;
s4, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing sub-watersheds of the watershed according to river reach, and when meeting the lake reservoir grid, dividing non-river network grids around the lake reservoir and the river network grid flowing in upstream into sub-watersheds and assigning a sub-watershed number;
and S5, carrying out inversion processing on the sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number, and generating an upstream attribute table and a downstream attribute table of the sub-basin according to the upstream and downstream relations of each sub-basin.
Preferably, the grid flow direction is calculated by using a D8 algorithm, namely, the flow direction of the grid flowing to the grid with the steepest gradient in the peripheral 8 grids is taken as the flow direction of the grid; the sum of the confluence accumulation of the grids is the sum of the upstream all the grids flowing into the current grid.
Preferably, the river network threshold is used for defining whether each grid belongs to a river network grid or a slope grid, and when the confluence accumulation amount of the grids is greater than the river network threshold, the grids are defined as the river network grids, otherwise, the grids are defined as the slope grids; and all the river network grids form a simulated river network, and the river network threshold value needs to ensure that the extracted simulated river network is consistent with the actual river network source in a source head area.
Preferably, step S2 includes the following,
s21, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation; if the same simulated river channel exits from the lake reservoir range and enters the same lake reservoir again, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, moving and expanding the boundary of the lake reservoir, and including the simulated river channel outside the range to ensure that the same simulated river channel is communicated in the lake range; if two simulation riverways penetrate through the lake reservoir range, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, and moving to reduce the boundary of the lake reservoir so that only one simulation riverway penetrates through the lake reservoir range; if the situation does not exist, the lake reservoir range is not edited;
s22, numbering different lake reservoirs by adopting natural numbers which are sequentially increased from 1, converting the vector lake reservoirs into a grid format by taking the DEM grid size and the layer boundary as parameters, wherein the grid value is equal to the serial number of the lake reservoirs;
the lake and reservoir range refers to the water surface range, and the lake and the reservoir are mixed together for coding.
Preferably, the dividing method in step S3 is,
s31, setting the position of a simulated river network grid in the lake reservoir as 0 and setting a non-simulated river network grid area as-1;
s32, traversing the lake reservoir grid by grid, if the grid value is not-1, not processing, and if the grid value is-1, assigning the grid value as the serial number of the current accumulated partition plus 1; the partition serial number is a natural number starting from 1;
s33, taking the newly assigned grids as a starting point, carrying out recursive assignment on 4 adjacent grids in total in the transverse direction and the vertical direction until a river network grid or a non-lake reservoir grid is met, wherein the grid value of each grid is equal to the partition serial number of the corresponding grid;
and S34, repeating the steps S32-S33 until all grids in the lake reservoir range are traversed and have partition serial numbers, so that the parts of the lake reservoir divided by the simulated river network respectively have different partition serial numbers.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps,
s41, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing the watershed into sub watersheds according to river reach, and assigning a unique natural number which starts from 1 to each sub watershed as a sub watershed number;
s42, when meeting with a lake reservoir grid, setting the lake reservoir area as a sub-basin, assigning all grids in the lake reservoir range as a sub-basin number, assuming that the sub-basin number is N, and marking the sub-basin as a river sub-basin attribute;
s43, taking all non-river network grids in the lake reservoir range as starting points, performing source tracing traversal on the non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, setting sub-basin codes of upstream non-lake reservoir grids flowing into the non-river network grids of the lake reservoir to be N + x, and marking the sub-basins as slope sub-basin attributes; x represents the partition serial number of the lake non-river network grid which finally flows in;
s44, traversing all the non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, and then traversing the river network grids flowing into the upstream of the lake reservoir, namely, taking the largest river network grid flowing into the lake reservoir as a main stream according to the confluence cumulant, and taking the other river network grids as branch streams for treatment.
Preferably, the specific process of dividing the sub-watershed by the river reach in step S4 is,
performing source tracing traversal upwards along the river network grids until artificial division points, forked river channels and lake and reservoir grids are encountered, taking all traversed river network grids as a river reach, and assigning a unique sub-basin number to the river reach;
taking each river network grid of the river reach as a starting point, tracing and traversing slope grids flowing into the current river network grid until no upstream grid flows in or the upstream inflow grid is a lake reservoir grid;
and assigning the number of the sub-watershed of the current river reach to the slope grids flowing into the river reach, and marking the sub-watershed as the attribute of the river sub-watershed.
Preferably, in the process of traversing the river network grids up to the source, for the forked river network grids, determining main streams and branch streams according to the confluence accumulation amount of the outlet grids, taking the river channel with large confluence accumulation amount as a main stream, and taking the river channel with small confluence accumulation amount as a branch stream; and performing sub-basin division on the branch river channel with small confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number, and performing sub-basin division on the main river channel with large confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number.
Preferably, in step S5, the specific process of obtaining a new sub-basin number by performing the flipping process on the sub-basin number is to use the maximum sub-basin number plus 1 minus the current sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number; the obtained new sub-basin number can ensure that the number of the upstream sub-basin is always smaller than the number of the downstream sub-basin, and the number of the upstream main sub-basin of the sub-basin is smaller than the number of the branch sub-basin.
Preferably, the sub-basin upstream and downstream attribute table includes the current unit sub-basin number, the downstream sub-basin number, the upstream sub-basin number, the lake reservoir number and the river slope mark.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. on the basis of the DEM, the sub-basin division is carried out by combining the lake reservoir range information, each lake reservoir is divided into an independent sub-basin, and the accuracy of the sub-basin range division is ensured. 2. The lake reservoir is independently used as a sub-basin to be divided, so that the water circulation process in the sub-basin is closer to reality, and the hydrological simulation result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a partitioning method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a research basin and lake reservoir range in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the serial numbers of the assigned cumulative partitions of the lake reservoir range in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating sub-basin partitioning and flow direction results according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a final sub-stream domain coding result according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an upstream and downstream attribute table of a certain sub-basin in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for dividing sub-watersheds considering the lake and reservoir range is provided, which comprises the following steps,
s1, calculating the flow direction and confluence cumulant of each grid in the flow field based on DEM data, and extracting a simulated river network based on a set river network threshold;
s2, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation, and numbering the lake reservoir according to the lake reservoir range;
s3, processing each lake reservoir, dividing the lake reservoir range into parts with different numbers according to the simulated river network in the lake reservoir, wherein each part is communicated and divided by the simulated river network;
s4, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing sub-watersheds of the watershed according to river reach, and when meeting the lake reservoir grid, dividing non-river network grids around the lake reservoir and the river network grid flowing in upstream into sub-watersheds and assigning a sub-watershed number;
and S5, carrying out inversion processing on the sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number, and generating an upstream attribute table and a downstream attribute table of the sub-basin according to the upstream and downstream relations of each sub-basin.
In this embodiment, the sub-watershed division method of the present invention specifically includes the above five steps, and the following explains the specific contents of the five steps, respectively.
Firstly, extracting the simulated river network
The part is the content of the step S1, and the specific content of the step S1 is to calculate the flow direction of each grid in the flow domain by using a D8 algorithm based on the DEM data, set a river channel threshold value based on the flow direction calculation for each grid confluence accumulation number, and set the grid with the confluence accumulation number greater than the threshold value as a river network grid, thereby extracting a simulated river network.
The specific process of calculating the flow direction of each grid in the flow domain by adopting the D8 algorithm is to take the flow direction of the grid flowing to the grid with the steepest gradient in the 8 peripheral grids as the flow direction of the grid; the sum of the confluence accumulation of the grids is the sum of the upstream all the grids flowing into the current grid.
In this embodiment, the river network threshold is used to define whether each grid belongs to a river network grid or a slope grid, and when the confluence cumulant of the grid is greater than the river network threshold, the grid is defined as the river network grid, otherwise, the grid is defined as the slope grid; all the river network grids constitute a simulated river network.
The specific value of the river network threshold is determined by a user, and the river network threshold needs to ensure that the extracted simulated river network is consistent with the actual river network source in a source head area; the value process of the river network threshold value is that the value is gradually increased from small to small through experiments until the extracted simulated river network is consistent with the actual river network source in the source head area.
Second, serial number of lake reservoir
The part is the content of step S2, and step S2 specifically includes the following content,
s21, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation; if the same simulated river channel exits from the lake reservoir range and enters the same lake reservoir again, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, moving and expanding the boundary of the lake reservoir, and including the simulated river channel outside the range to ensure that the same simulated river channel is communicated in the lake range; if two simulation riverways penetrate through the lake reservoir range, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, and moving to reduce the boundary of the lake reservoir so that only one simulation riverway penetrates through the lake reservoir range; if the situation does not exist, the lake reservoir range is not edited;
s22, numbering different lake reservoirs by adopting natural numbers which are sequentially increased from 1, converting the vector lake reservoirs into a grid format by taking the DEM grid size and the layer boundary as parameters, wherein the grid value is equal to the serial number of the lake reservoirs;
the lake and reservoir range refers to the water surface range, and the lake and the reservoir are mixed together for coding.
Thirdly, treatment of lake reservoirs (see figure 2 and figure 3)
This part is the content of step S3, and the division manner in step S3 is,
s31, setting the position of a simulated river network grid in the lake reservoir as 0 and setting a non-simulated river network grid area as-1;
s32, traversing the lake reservoir grid by grid, if the grid value is not-1, not processing, and if the grid value is-1, assigning the grid value as the serial number of the current accumulated partition plus 1; the partition serial number is a natural number starting from 1;
s33, taking the newly assigned grids as a starting point, carrying out recursive assignment on 4 adjacent grids in total in the transverse direction and the vertical direction until a river network grid or a non-lake reservoir grid is met, wherein the grid value of each grid is equal to the partition serial number of the corresponding grid; partition number is self-heating number from 1;
and S34, repeating the steps S32-S33 until all grids in the lake reservoir range are traversed and have partition serial numbers, so that the parts of the lake reservoir divided by the simulated river network respectively have different partition serial numbers.
Four, sub basin division (see fig. 4 and 5)
The part is the content of step S4, and step S4 specifically includes the following content,
s41, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing the watershed into sub watersheds according to river reach, and assigning a unique natural number which starts from 1 to each sub watershed as a sub watershed number;
s42, when meeting with a lake reservoir grid, setting the lake reservoir area as a sub-basin, assigning all grids in the lake reservoir range as a sub-basin number (assuming that the sub-basin number is N), and marking the sub-basin as a river sub-basin attribute;
s43, taking all non-river network grids in the lake reservoir range as starting points, performing source tracing traversal on the non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, setting sub-basin codes of upstream non-lake reservoir grids flowing into the non-river network grids of the lake reservoir to be N + x, and marking the sub-basins as slope sub-basin attributes; x represents the partition serial number of the lake non-river network grid which finally flows in;
s44, traversing all the non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, and then traversing the river network grids flowing into the upstream of the lake reservoir, namely, taking the largest river network grid flowing into the lake reservoir as a main stream according to the confluence cumulant, and taking the other river network grids as branch streams for treatment.
In this embodiment, the specific process of dividing the sub-watershed by the river reach in step S4 is,
tracing and traversing upwards along the river network grids until the artificial division points (hydrologic sites and the like), forked river channels, lake and reservoir grids are met, taking all the traversed river network grids as a river reach, and assigning a unique sub-basin number to the river reach;
taking each river network grid of the river reach as a starting point, tracing and traversing slope grids flowing into the current river network grid until no upstream grid flows in or the upstream inflow grid is a lake reservoir grid;
and assigning the number of the sub-watershed of the current river reach to the slope grids flowing into the river reach, and marking the sub-watershed as the attribute of the river sub-watershed.
In the embodiment, in the process of traversing the river network grids by tracing upward, for the forked river network grids, the main stream and the branch stream are determined according to the confluence cumulant of the outlet grids, the river channel with large confluence cumulant is used as the main stream, and the river network with small confluence cumulant is used as the branch stream; and performing sub-basin division on the branch river channel with small confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number, and performing sub-basin division on the main river channel with large confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number. The river network refers to a netted river channel, and the river channel refers to a certain river in the river network.
Fifthly, acquiring a new sub-basin number, and generating an upstream and downstream attribute table of the sub-basin (see figure 6)
The part is the content of the step S5, and the specific process of turning over the sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number in the step S5 is to use the maximum sub-basin number plus 1 to subtract the current sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number; the obtained new sub-basin number can ensure that the number of the upstream sub-basin is always smaller than the number of the downstream sub-basin, and the number of the upstream main sub-basin of the sub-basin is smaller than the number of the branch sub-basin. The sub-basin in which the lake reservoir is located may have a plurality of upstream sub-basins.
In this embodiment, the sub-basin upstream and downstream attribute tables include the current unit sub-basin number, the downstream sub-basin number, the upstream sub-basin number (plural), the lake reservoir number (0 if not), and the river slope flag (1 indicates that there is a river in the sub-basin, and 0 indicates that there is no river).
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the invention provides a sub-basin dividing method considering lake reservoir range, which is based on DEM and combines lake reservoir range information to divide sub-basins, divides each lake reservoir into an independent sub-basin and ensures the accuracy of sub-basin range division. According to the method, the lake reservoir is independently divided as a sub-basin, so that the water circulation process in the sub-basin is closer to reality, and the hydrological simulation result is more accurate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sub-basin dividing method considering the lake reservoir range is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, calculating the flow direction and confluence cumulant of each grid in the flow field based on DEM data, and extracting a simulated river network based on a set river network threshold;
s2, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation, and numbering the lake reservoir according to the lake reservoir range;
s3, processing each lake reservoir, dividing the lake reservoir range into parts with different numbers according to the simulated river network in the lake reservoir, wherein each part is communicated and divided by the simulated river network;
s4, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing sub-watersheds of the watershed according to river reach, and when meeting the lake reservoir grid, dividing non-river network grids around the lake reservoir and the river network grid flowing in upstream into sub-watersheds and assigning a sub-watershed number;
s5, carrying out turnover processing on the sub-basin numbers to obtain new sub-basin numbers, and generating an upstream attribute table and a downstream attribute table of the sub-basins according to the upstream and downstream relations of each sub-basin;
the division in step S3 is such that,
s31, setting the position of a simulated river network grid in the lake reservoir as 0 and setting a non-simulated river network grid area as-1;
s32, traversing the lake reservoir grid by grid, if the grid value is not-1, not processing, and if the grid value is-1, assigning the grid value as the serial number of the current accumulated partition plus 1; the partition serial number is a natural number starting from 1;
s33, taking the newly assigned grids as a starting point, carrying out recursive assignment on 4 adjacent grids in total in the transverse direction and the vertical direction until a river network grid or a non-lake reservoir grid is met, wherein the grid value of each grid is equal to the partition serial number of the corresponding grid;
s34, repeating the steps S32-S33 until all grids in the lake reservoir range are traversed and have partition serial numbers, so that the parts of the lake reservoir divided by the simulated river network respectively have different partition serial numbers;
the step S4 specifically includes the following contents,
s41, taking the position of the simulated river network outlet grid as a starting point, tracing and traversing upwards along the simulated river network grid, dividing the watershed into sub watersheds according to river reach, and assigning a unique natural number which starts from 1 to each sub watershed as a sub watershed number;
s42, when meeting with a lake reservoir grid, setting the lake reservoir area as a sub-basin, assigning all grids in the lake reservoir range as a sub-basin number, assuming that the sub-basin number is N, and marking the sub-basin as a river sub-basin attribute;
s43, taking all non-river network grids in the lake reservoir range as starting points, performing source tracing traversal on the non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, setting sub-basin codes of upstream non-lake reservoir grids flowing into the non-river network grids of the lake reservoir to be N + x, and marking the sub-basins as slope sub-basin attributes; x represents the partition serial number of the lake non-river network grid which finally flows in;
s44, traversing all non-river network grids around the lake reservoir, and then traversing the river network grids flowing into the upstream of the lake reservoir, namely, taking the largest river network grid flowing into the lake reservoir as a main stream according to the confluence cumulant, and taking the other river network grids as branch streams;
the specific process of dividing the sub-watershed by the river reach in step S4 is,
performing source tracing traversal upwards along the river network grids until artificial division points, forked river channels and lake and reservoir grids are encountered, taking all traversed river network grids as a river reach, and assigning a unique sub-basin number to the river reach;
taking each river network grid of the river reach as a starting point, tracing and traversing slope grids flowing into the current river network grid until no upstream grid flows in or the upstream inflow grid is a lake reservoir grid;
and assigning the number of the sub-watershed of the current river reach to the slope grids flowing into the river reach, and marking the sub-watershed as the attribute of the river sub-watershed.
2. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: calculating the grid flow direction by adopting a D8 algorithm, namely taking the flow direction of the grid flowing to the grid with the steepest gradient in the 8 peripheral grids as the flow direction of the grid; the sum of the confluence accumulation of the grids is the sum of the upstream all the grids flowing into the current grid.
3. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the river network threshold value is used for defining that each grid belongs to a river network grid or a slope grid, when the confluence cumulant of the grid is greater than the river network threshold value, the grid is defined as the river network grid, otherwise, the grid is defined as the slope grid; and all the river network grids form a simulated river network, and the river network threshold value needs to ensure that the extracted simulated river network is consistent with the actual river network source in a source head area.
4. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S2 includes the following contents,
s21, editing the lake reservoir range according to the situation; if the same simulated river channel exits from the lake reservoir range and enters the same lake reservoir again, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, moving and expanding the boundary of the lake reservoir, and including the simulated river channel outside the range to ensure that the same simulated river channel is communicated in the lake range; if two simulation riverways penetrate through the lake reservoir range, editing the lake reservoir range vector file, and moving to reduce the boundary of the lake reservoir so that only one simulation riverway penetrates through the lake reservoir range; if the situation does not exist, the lake reservoir range is not edited;
s22, numbering different lake reservoirs by adopting natural numbers which are sequentially increased from 1, converting the vector lake reservoirs into a grid format by taking the DEM grid size and the layer boundary as parameters, wherein the grid value is equal to the serial number of the lake reservoirs;
the lake and reservoir range refers to the water surface range, and the lake and the reservoir are mixed together for coding.
5. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the process of upward tracing traversal along a river network grid, for a forked river network grid, determining a main branch according to the convergence cumulant of an outlet grid, taking a river channel with large convergence cumulant as a main flow, and taking a river channel with small convergence cumulant as a branch; and performing sub-basin division on the branch river channel with small confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number, and performing sub-basin division on the main river channel with large confluence cumulant and assigning a sub-basin number.
6. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the specific process of obtaining a new sub-basin number by performing the flipping process on the sub-basin number is to use the maximum sub-basin number plus 1 to subtract the current sub-basin number to obtain a new sub-basin number; the obtained new sub-basin number can ensure that the number of the upstream sub-basin is always smaller than the number of the downstream sub-basin, and the number of the upstream main sub-basin of the sub-basin is smaller than the number of the branch sub-basin.
7. The method for dividing a sub-basin considering the lake and reservoir range as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sub-basin upstream and downstream attribute table comprises the current unit sub-basin number, the downstream sub-basin number, the upstream sub-basin number, the lake reservoir number and the river slope mark.
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