CN113779041B - Small drainage basin dividing and encoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small drainage basin dividing and encoding method which comprises the steps of basic data collection and arrangement, small drainage basin dividing, small drainage basin basic attribute extraction, small drainage basin unified encoding, space topological relation establishment, river cross section extraction, space association relation establishment, step-by-step merging of large drainage basins, small drainage basin standardized unit line extraction and smooth decryption of data results. The invention realizes small drainage basin division and coding, and can better describe the topological relation of the small drainage basins in the small drainage basin coding aiming at the national range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological data processing, and particularly relates to a small watershed dividing and encoding method.
Background
The distributed hydrologic model modeling requires a large amount of geographic information data, and small watershed division and coding are carried out on a certain middle-small watershed or a certain specific area by a common method, so that no small watershed division and coding method for national scale exists at present. The main reason is that there is no unified coding rule for partitioned small watershed. Therefore, when the small watershed is divided into a large amount of data for the whole country, it is difficult for the data user to quickly search and query, and at the same time, the divided small watershed cannot support the parallel computation of the large-scale distributed hydrologic model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a small watershed dividing and encoding method for solving the problem of dividing and encoding small watersheds in a national range.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the small drainage basin dividing and encoding method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and sorting basic data: the method comprises the steps of data inspection, data arrangement, coordinate conversion, cutting, splicing and space matching;
s2, small drainage basin division: the method sequentially comprises the steps of river firing treatment, river embankment treatment, depression filling treatment, flow direction calculation, gradient calculation, water collecting area calculation, river definition, river section definition, river basin grid definition, river basin boundary extraction, river line extraction, river basin outlet point extraction, river basin intersection extraction, attention point treatment, river basin area adjustment, river basin splitting, river basin merging and reservoir and lake river basin treatment;
s3, extracting basic attributes of the small drainage basin: including watershed, river course, node-related attribute extraction
S4, uniformly coding the small drainage basins;
s5, establishing a space topological relation: for areas exceeding 0.5km 2 Is larger than 1km 2 The lake water surface boundary of the river course is treated as an independent river basin surface, the river basin boundary of the reservoir and the lake completely comprises the reservoir and the lake water surface boundary, no superposition phenomenon is caused between the reservoir and the lake water surface boundary, and a space topological relation between the reservoir and the lake river basin and the original river course, the inflow river course and the outflow river course is established;
s6, extracting the cross section of the river channel: extracting river cross sections at 50-200 meters upstream and downstream of the outlet nodes of the river basin by adopting original DEM data;
s7, establishing a spatial association relation: establishing an association relationship between a small river basin and an administrative division, a monitoring station and a hydraulic engineering;
s8, merging large drainage basins step by step:
s9, extracting a small drainage basin standardized unit line: the method comprises the steps of extracting the slope roughness of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin, extracting the undersea surface seepage characteristic of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin and extracting the standardized unit line of the small drainage basin;
s10, smooth decryption processing of data results: and carrying out smoothing treatment on vector data of small-drainage-basin division results.
Further preferably, in step S2, the drainage basins are combined one by one from upstream to downstream, and the main flows are combined after the branches, and each combined drainage basin is stored in the same layer file.
Further preferably, in step S4, the small-drainage-basin unified coding method is as follows:
(1) Based on the coded river in Chinese river code (SL 249-2012), searching the river with the largest river basin area from the river outlet to the upstream as a main stream, and coding from top to bottom according to the sections of small river basin outlet nodes; the tributaries that merge into the main stream are also encoded from top to bottom; then taking the branch as a main stream of a lower branch, and coding step by step according to the principle;
(2) Independent water systems without codes in Chinese river codes (SL 249-2012) firstly compile a front 7-bit code according to the coding rule of the Chinese river codes (SL 249-2012), and then compile a rear 9-bit code according to the small river coding rule;
(3) When the coded river in the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012) is inconsistent with the name, the position and the flow direction of the river in the 1:5 DLG, the coded river is modified correspondingly or recoded according to the superior river;
(4) The stream domain codes after step-by-step combination are the same as the downstream-most small stream domain codes.
Further preferably, in step S4, the encoding rule: 1) All external river sections (river sections without other river sections added) are the first stage; 2) The river channel sections with two same levels (the level is k) meet, and the level of the formed new river channel is k+1; 3) If the river channel segment with the level k is added into the river channel segment with the higher level, the river channel segment with the higher level is increased by 1 level.
Further preferably, in step S4, the code defines:
a coding object, the area of the river basin is more than 500km 2 River of large, important medium-sized reservoirs and floodgates, and for areas where the river basin area is difficult to determine, the river length is taken as a standard of 30 km;
the code b adopts Latin letters and numbers to be mixed and coded, 8 bits are used for respectively representing the river basin, water system, number and category of the river;
c format and meaning of code:
code format: ABTFFSSY.
A-1 bit letter represents engineering category, and takes value A;
BT-2 bit letters represent water system partition codes, and SL 213-2012 is executed;
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y;
y-1 digits represent river class.
When the number of code bits is insufficient or for river network areas in which the upstream-downstream relationship is not easily distinguished, the limitation on FFSS is canceled, and the order of canceling the limitation conditions is as follows: canceling the limitation of SS with S being 0, canceling the limitation of 00-09 in FF as the codes of different river segments of the main stream or the main stream when the limitation is still not satisfied
Small-watershed coding definition:
the number of the coding digits of the small river basin is 16, the value of each digit is uppercase letters A-Z, lowercase letters a-Z or numbers 0-9, and the river basin and the river reach adopt the same coding;
the coding structure is as follows: FBTFFSSHHHHXXXXXXXX
F, 1 bit is a classification code, W is a river basin, A is a river channel, and Q is a node;
BT-2 bit letters represent water system partition codes, and SL 213-2012 is executed;
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y;
hhh—this segment represents the dry stream encoding, defaulting to 1 bit. When the main stream river reach is too many, automatically adding code bits, at most 3 bits, numbers 1-9, uppercase letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z backwards;
XXXXXX-this segment represents the sub-stream coding below the main stream, filled with 0 when no sub-stream is present; the lower stem and branch stream is encoded step by step according to the principle, with capital letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z.
Further preferably, in step S5, the spatial topological relation is established as follows:
(1) And establishing a water system upstream and downstream topological relation through FRVCD and TRVCD fields in the river reach layer attribute table. FRVCD represents the upper run code of the incoming run, TRVCD represents the lower run code of the outgoing run;
(2) Establishing a small river basin upstream and downstream topological relation through IWSCD and OWSCD fields in a small river basin layer attribute table according to the upstream and downstream catchment relation of the river basin; IWSCD represents the basin code that merges into the basin, OWSCD represents the downstream basin code that flows out;
(3) The topological relation between the small river basin and the river reach is established by a BWSCD field in a river reach layer attribute table, wherein the BWSCD field represents the river basin code of the river reach;
(4) The water collecting relation between the small drainage basin outlet nodes is that an upstream and downstream topological relation is established through FNDCD and TNDCD fields in a node layer attribute table, wherein FNDCD represents node codes which are converged into the node, and TNDCD represents downstream node codes which are flown out;
(5) The spatial topological relation between the node and the small river basin and the spatial topological relation between the node and the river channel are established through AWSCD and ARVCD fields in a node layer attribute table, wherein AWSCD represents a river basin code set converging the node, and ARVCD represents a river channel code set converging the node;
(6) The association relation between the small river basin and administrative division of county and country, the automatic monitoring station shared to the national mountain torrent disaster monitoring and early warning platform, and the hydraulic engineering such as a large reservoir, a hydropower station, a sluice gate and the like is established in a database mode.
The invention has the technical effects that: realizing small watershed division and coding, better describing the topological relation of the small watershed in the small watershed coding aiming at the national scope,
drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of merging small watershed step by step.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a small-watershed coding structure.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings
A small drainage basin dividing and encoding method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and sorting basic data: the method comprises the steps of data inspection, data arrangement, coordinate conversion, clipping, splicing and space matching, wherein the data comprises 16 layers: the method comprises the steps of small basin surfaces, small basin boundaries, small basin river sections, small basin longest converging paths, small basin outlet nodes, small basin river section outlet sections, step-by-step merging of small basin I basin surfaces, step-by-step merging of small basin I basin lines, step-by-step merging of small basin I river sections, step-by-step merging of small basin I longest converging paths, residential areas, embankments, reservoirs, point-like water system auxiliary facilities, linear water system auxiliary facilities and monitoring stations;
s2, small drainage basin division: the method sequentially comprises the steps of river firing treatment, river embankment treatment, depression filling treatment, flow direction calculation, gradient calculation, water collecting area calculation, river definition, river section definition, river basin grid definition, river basin boundary extraction, river line extraction, river basin outlet point extraction, river basin intersection extraction, attention point treatment, river basin area adjustment, river basin splitting, river basin merging and reservoir and lake river basin treatment;
the method adopts 1:5 ten thousand DEM and DLG data and hydrologic monitoring site and hydraulic engineering data provided by national basic geographic information, combines high-resolution image data, mainly uses the water system of China river code (SL 249-2012), and reasonably divides small river areas by combining provincial and county administrative divisions. The plane coordinate system adopts a national geodetic coordinate system: WGS84; the projection mode adopts Gauss-Gauss projection with 6 degrees of zonation; the elevation reference adopts the national elevation reference of 1985.
The small river basin is divided into hilly areas with the national ground gradient more than or equal to 2 degrees, and the areas with the local gradient less than 2 degrees are correspondingly treated. The finally divided small watershed should cover the mountain torrent disaster prevention and control area, and the adjacent two small watersheds should be spliced without gaps or overlapping, and the sum of the areas of the small watersheds is equal to the total area of the area.
The small flow area should in principle be controlled between 10-50km2, in special cases not smaller than 3km2 or larger than 100km2 (with few debris exceptions to keep the water topology correct). The method mainly considers factors such as reservoirs, hydropower stations, water gates, hydrologic stations, villages and towns, residential sites, topography and landform features and the like, and sets nodes for small watershed division.
On the basis of small river basin division, the river basins of the lowest level river in the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012) are gradually merged (note: the lowest level river specified by the Chinese river code standard is a river with a river basin area of more than 500km2 or a river with a length of more than 30km, and a river with a large, important medium-sized reservoir and sluice).
The drainage basin merging means that the upstream to downstream branch flows and then the main flows are merged one by one, and each merged drainage basin is stored in the same layer file, as shown in fig. 2.
The boundary of the small watershed should be consistent with the natural watershed of the terrain, and the error cannot exceed 1 grid.
The error between the extracted river channel (river segment) line and the actual river channel line (river line in 1:5 thousands of DLG data) is not more than 1 grid.
S3, extracting basic attributes of the small drainage basin: including watershed, river course, node-related attribute extraction
S4, uniformly coding the small watershed:
the following small-watershed coding principle is followed:
(1) The unification principle: the small river basin codes are uniformly expanded on the basis of national tertiary river codes;
(2) The only principle is as follows: ensuring the uniqueness of each hill region small river basin code in a national range;
(3) Stabilization principle: the coding system ensures that no significant changes occur over a longer period of time;
(4) Compatibility principles: the code must be compatible with the current system, ensuring that system changes are minimal;
(5) The extension principle: the coding scheme can be expanded when the level is adjusted or increased in the small drainage basin later;
(6) Principle of topology correctness: the logical connection of each level of drainage basin is reflected, and the confluence relation of the surface water is accurately reflected;
(7) Hierarchical recurrence principle: hierarchical compiling and gradual recursion are carried out according to topological relations contained or juxtaposed in each level of drainage basins;
(8) Principle from top to bottom: and the same-level watershed is sequentially encoded from left bank to right bank from top to bottom according to the water flow direction.
Coding rules:
(1) River basin river classification:
the coding scheme considers the actual requirement of mountain torrent disaster prevention and control work and the complexity of providing basic data for establishing a distributed hydrologic model, and referring to the strahler grading scheme, an optimized river grading scheme is provided, and the main principle is as follows: 1) All external river sections (river sections without other river sections added) are the first stage; 2) The river channel sections with two same levels (the level is k) meet, and the level of the formed new river channel is k+1; 3) If the river channel segment with the level k is added into the river channel segment with the higher level, the river channel segment with the higher level is increased by 1 level.
(2) Coding definition of Chinese river code (SL 249-2012)
a code object. River with river basin area greater than 500km2, river where large, important medium reservoirs and floodgates are located. For areas where the river basin area is difficult to determine, the river length is taken as a standard of 30 km.
The code b adopts mixed codes of Latin letters (I, O, Z abandoned) and numbers, and the total number is 8, and the codes respectively represent the river basin, the water system, the number and the category of the river.
c format and meaning of code:
code format: ABTFFSSY.
A-1 bit letter represents engineering category, and value A is taken.
BT-2-bit letters represent water system partition codes, execution SL 213-2012.
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y.
Y-1 digits represent river class.
Note that: and when the number of code bits is insufficient or for river network areas in which the upstream-downstream relationship is not easily distinguished, the limitation on FFSS is canceled. The order of canceling the constraint is: and canceling the restriction of SS for the second S to be 0, and canceling the restriction of 00-09 in FF as the codes of different river segments of the main stream or the main stream when the restriction is still not satisfied.
River code FFSS field provision
(3) Small watershed coding definition
The number of the coding digits of the small watershed is 16, and the value of each digit is uppercase letter (A-Z), lowercase letter (a-Z) or number (0-9). The river basin and the river reach adopt the same codes, the coding structure is shown in figure 3, and the small river basin codes are specified in the following table.
Small-watershed coding definition:
the number of the coding digits of the small river basin is 16, the value of each digit is uppercase letters A-Z, lowercase letters a-Z or numbers 0-9, and the river basin and the river reach adopt the same coding;
the coding structure is as follows: FBTFFSSHHHHXXXXXXXX
F, 1 bit is a classification code, W is a river basin, A is a river channel, and Q is a node;
BT-2 bit letters represent water system partition codes, and SL 213-2012 is executed;
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y;
hhh—this segment represents the dry stream encoding, defaulting to 1 bit. When the main stream river reach is too many, automatically adding code bits, at most 3 bits, numbers 1-9, uppercase letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z backwards;
XXXXXX-this segment represents the sub-stream coding below the main stream, filled with 0 when no sub-stream is present; the lower stem and branch stream is encoded step by step according to the principle, with capital letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z.
Small watershed coding bit specification
The coding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Based on the coded river in Chinese river code (SL 249-2012), searching the river with the largest river basin area from the river outlet to the upstream as a main stream, and coding from top to bottom according to the sections of small river basin outlet nodes; the tributaries that merge into the main stream are also encoded from top to bottom; and the sub-stream is used as the main stream of the lower sub-stream, and the sub-streams are encoded step by step according to the principle.
(2) In the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012), the independent water system (independent river, inland river, etc.) without codes is firstly compiled according to the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012) coding rule, and then the front 7-bit code is compiled according to the small river coding rule, and the rear 9-bit code is compiled.
(3) When the coded river in the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012) is inconsistent with the name, position and flow direction of the river in the 1:5 DLG, the coded river is modified correspondingly or recoded according to the superior river.
(4) The stream domain codes after step-by-step combination are the same as the downstream-most small stream domain codes.
S5, establishing a space topological relation: for areas exceeding 0.5km 2 Is larger than 1km 2 The boundary of the lake water surface is treated as an independent river basin surface, the boundary of the river basin where the reservoir and the lake are positioned completely comprises the boundary of the reservoir and the lake water surface, no superposition phenomenon is caused between the boundary of the reservoir and the boundary of the lake water surface, and the spatial topological relation between the reservoir and the lake river basin and the original river channel, the spatial topological relation between the reservoir and the lake river channel and the river channel are established.
(1) The upstream and downstream topological relation of the water system is established through fields in a river reach layer attribute table (FRVCD, TRVCD). FRVCD represents the upper run code of the incoming run and TRVCD represents the lower run code of the outgoing run.
(2) And establishing a small river basin upstream and downstream topological relation through the (IWSCD, OWSCD) fields in the small river basin layer attribute table according to the river basin upstream and downstream catchment relation. IWSCD represents the basin code that merges into this basin, OWSCD represents the downstream basin code that flows out.
(3) The topological relation between the small river basin and the river reach is established by a field in a river reach map layer attribute table (BWSCD). This field (BWSCD) indicates the river basin code in which the river reach is located.
(4) The water collection relationship between the small-river basin outlet nodes is established by the field (FNDCD, TNDCD) in the node layer attribute table. FNDCD represents the node code that merges into the node and TNDCD represents the downstream node code that flows out.
(5) The spatial topological relation between the nodes and the small watershed and river channels is established through the fields (AWSCD and ARVCD) in the node layer attribute table. AWSCD represents the river basin code set that merges the node, ARVCD represents the river basin code set that merges into the node.
(6) The association relation between a small river basin (river reach) and a county and country administrative division (residential land), between the small river basin (river reach) and an automatic monitoring station shared to a national mountain torrent disaster monitoring and early warning platform, and between the small river basin (river reach) and hydraulic engineering such as a large reservoir, a hydropower station, a sluice gate and the like is established in a database mode.
S6, extracting the cross section of the river channel:
(1) Based on the original DEM data, combining the small-drainage-basin image layer, and finding out an outlet node of the drainage basin.
(2) And extracting the river cross section by a three-dimensional space analysis tool at 50-200 meters upstream and downstream of the outlet node of the river basin.
(3) When setting the DEM data processing range, the connection relation with the adjacent drainage basin should be considered to ensure the integrity of the drainage basin.
S7, establishing a spatial association relation:
(1) The upstream and downstream topological relation of the water system is established through fields in a river reach layer attribute table (FRVCD, TRVCD). FRVCD represents the upper run code of the incoming run and TRVCD represents the lower run code of the outgoing run.
(2) And establishing a small river basin upstream and downstream topological relation through the (IWSCD, OWSCD) fields in the small river basin layer attribute table according to the river basin upstream and downstream catchment relation. IWSCD represents the basin code that merges into this basin, OWSCD represents the downstream basin code that flows out.
(3) The topological relation between the small river basin and the river reach is established by a field in a river reach map layer attribute table (BWSCD). This field (BWSCD) indicates the river basin code in which the river reach is located.
(4) The water collection relationship between the small-river basin outlet nodes is established by the field (FNDCD, TNDCD) in the node layer attribute table. FNDCD represents the node code that merges into the node and TNDCD represents the downstream node code that flows out.
(5) The spatial topological relation between the nodes and the small watershed and river channels is established through the fields (AWSCD and ARVCD) in the node layer attribute table. AWSCD represents the river basin code set that merges the node, ARVCD represents the river basin code set that merges into the node.
(6) The association relation between a small river basin (river reach) and a county and country administrative division (residential land), between the small river basin (river reach) and an automatic monitoring station shared to a national mountain torrent disaster monitoring and early warning platform, and between the small river basin (river reach) and hydraulic engineering such as a large reservoir, a hydropower station, a sluice gate and the like is established in a database mode.
S8, merging large drainage basins step by step:
the upstream, downstream, tributary and then main stream are combined one by one, and each combined drainage basin is stored in the same layer file.
S9, extracting a small drainage basin standardized unit line: comprises the extraction of the slope roughness of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin, the extraction of the undersea surface infiltration characteristic of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin and the extraction of the standardized unit line of the small drainage basin. Analyzing the corresponding relation between the land utilization type and the comprehensive flow rate coefficient of the small-river-basin slope by utilizing the land utilization and vegetation type data, carrying out rasterization treatment, and roughly determining the comprehensive flow rate coefficient value of the small-river-basin slope; and analyzing the corresponding relation between the soil texture type and the infiltration characteristic of the slope of the small river basin by utilizing the soil texture data, performing rasterization treatment, presumably determining the infiltration characteristic parameters of the small river basin, and establishing a comprehensive flow velocity coefficient and infiltration characteristic data attribute table of the slope of the small river basin. Standardized unit line extraction requirements: and calculating standardized unit lines corresponding to different rain intensity levels in different periods (including 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes) of the small drainage basin, and corresponding flood peak modulus and drainage basin confluence time of each unit line according to the national storm chart set.
S10, smooth decryption processing of data results: and carrying out smoothing treatment on vector data of small-drainage-basin division results.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification in all respects, including the best mode, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention will still fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The small drainage basin dividing and encoding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and sorting basic data: the method comprises the steps of data inspection, data arrangement, coordinate conversion, cutting, splicing and space matching;
s2, small drainage basin division: the method sequentially comprises the steps of river firing treatment, river embankment treatment, depression filling treatment, flow direction calculation, gradient calculation, water collecting area calculation, river definition, river section definition, river basin grid definition, river basin boundary extraction, river line extraction, river basin outlet point extraction, river basin intersection extraction, attention point treatment, river basin area adjustment, river basin splitting, river basin merging and reservoir and lake river basin treatment;
s3, extracting basic attributes of the small drainage basin: extracting relevant attributes of a river basin, a river channel and a node;
s4, uniformly coding the small drainage basins;
s5, establishing a space topological relation: for areas exceeding 0.5km 2 Is more than 1km in area 2 The boundary of the lake water surface of the water tank is treated as an independent river basin surface, and the boundary of the river basin where the water tank and the lake are positioned completely comprises the boundary of the water tank and the lake water surface,the method has no superposition phenomenon with reservoir boundaries, and establishes the spatial topological relation between reservoirs and lake river courses and original river courses, inflow river courses and outflow river courses;
s6, extracting the cross section of the river channel: extracting river cross sections at 50-200 meters upstream and downstream of the outlet nodes of the river basin by adopting original DEM data;
s7, establishing a spatial association relation: establishing an association relationship between a small river basin and an administrative division, a monitoring station and a hydraulic engineering;
s8, merging large drainage basins step by step:
s9, extracting a small drainage basin standardized unit line: the method comprises the steps of extracting the slope roughness of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin, extracting the undersea surface seepage characteristic of the undersea surface of the small drainage basin and extracting the standardized unit line of the small drainage basin;
s10, smooth decryption processing of data results: and carrying out smoothing treatment on vector data of small-drainage-basin division results.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the watershed merging means that upstream to downstream, tributary-first and then main stream are merged one by one, and each merged watershed is stored in the same layer file.
3. The small-drainage-basin dividing and encoding method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the small-drainage-basin unified encoding method is as follows:
(1) Based on the coded river in Chinese river code (SL 249-2012), searching the river with the largest river basin area from the river outlet to the upstream as a main stream, and coding from top to bottom according to the sections of small river basin outlet nodes; the tributaries that merge into the main stream are also encoded from top to bottom; then taking the branch as a main stream of a lower branch, and coding step by step according to the principle;
(2) Independent water systems without codes in Chinese river codes (SL 249-2012) firstly compile a front 7-bit code according to the coding rule of the Chinese river codes (SL 249-2012), and then compile a rear 9-bit code according to the small river coding rule;
(3) When the coded river in the Chinese river code (SL 249-2012) is inconsistent with the name, the position and the flow direction of the river in the 1:5 DLG, the coded river is modified correspondingly or recoded according to the superior river;
(4) The stream domain codes after step-by-step combination are the same as the downstream-most small stream domain codes.
4. A small watershed segmentation and coding method according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, the coding rule: 1) All the external river sections are first-stage river sections, and the external river sections are river sections without other river sections; 2) The two river channel sections with the same level and k are converged, and the level of the formed new river channel is k+1; 3) If the river channel segment with the level k is added into the river channel segment with the higher level, the river channel segment with the higher level is increased by 1 level.
5. The small watershed segmentation and coding method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the coding definition:
a coding object, the area of the river basin is more than 500km 2 River of large, important medium-sized reservoirs and floodgates, and for areas where the river basin area is difficult to determine, the river length is taken as a standard of 30 km;
the code b adopts Latin letters and numbers to be mixed and coded, 8 bits are used for respectively representing the river basin, water system, number and category of the river;
c format and meaning of code:
code format: ABTFFSSY;
a-1 bit letter represents engineering category, and takes value A;
BT-2 bit letters represent water system partition codes, and SL 213-2012 is executed;
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y;
y-1 digits represent river class;
when the number of code bits is insufficient or for river network areas in which the upstream-downstream relationship is not easily distinguished, the limitation on FFSS is canceled, and the order of canceling the limitation conditions is as follows: canceling the limitation of SS that the second S is 0, canceling the limitation of 00-09 in FF as the codes of different river segments of the main stream or the main stream when the limitation is still not satisfied;
small-watershed coding definition:
the number of the coding digits of the small river basin is 16, the value of each digit is uppercase letters A-Z, lowercase letters a-Z or numbers 0-9, and the river basin and the river reach adopt the same coding;
the coding structure is as follows: FBTFFSSHHHHXXXXXXXX
F, 1 bit is a classification code, W is a river basin, A is a river channel, and Q is a node;
BT-2 bit letters represent water system partition codes, and SL 213-2012 is executed;
FFSS-4 digits or letters represent the number of any river, and the value range of F, S is 0-9 and A-Y;
hhh—represents dry stream coding, defaulting to 1 bit; when the main stream river reach is too many, automatically adding code bits, at most 3 bits, numbers 1-9, uppercase letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z backwards;
XXXXXX-indicates the coding of the substream below the main stream, filled with 0 when no substream is present; the lower stem and branch stream is encoded step by step according to the principle, with capital letters A-Z and lowercase letters a-Z.
6. The method for small basin division and coding according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the spatial topological relation is established as follows:
(1) Establishing a water system upstream and downstream topological relation through FRVCD and TRVCD fields in a river reach layer attribute table; FRVCD represents the upper run code of the incoming run, TRVCD represents the lower run code of the outgoing run;
(2) Establishing a small river basin upstream and downstream topological relation through IWSCD and OWSCD fields in a small river basin layer attribute table according to the upstream and downstream catchment relation of the river basin; IWSCD represents the basin code that merges into the basin, OWSCD represents the downstream basin code that flows out;
(3) The topological relation between the small river basin and the river reach is that the relation is established through BWSCD fields in a river reach layer attribute table, and BWSCD represents the river basin code of the river reach;
(4) The water collecting relation between the small drainage basin outlet nodes is that an upstream and downstream topological relation is established through FNDCD and TNDCD fields in a node layer attribute table, wherein FNDCD represents node codes which are converged into the node, and TNDCD represents downstream node codes which are flown out;
(5) The spatial topological relation between the node and the small river basin and the spatial topological relation between the node and the river channel are established through AWSCD and ARVCD fields in a node layer attribute table, wherein AWSCD represents a river basin code set converged into the node, and ARVCD represents a river channel code set converged into the node;
(6) And the association relation between the small river basin and administrative division of county and country, the automatic monitoring site shared to the national mountain torrent disaster monitoring and early warning platform and the hydraulic engineering is established in a database mode.
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