CN113127978B - Optimization method for light weight of instrument board beam - Google Patents
Optimization method for light weight of instrument board beam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/27—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile weight optimization, and provides an optimization method for the weight reduction of an instrument board beam, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a fitness function based on an objective function and constraint conditions, wherein the objective function is the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam, and the constraint conditions are modal analysis and rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam; s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual genes and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam; s3, obtaining individual genes with optimal fitness values, namely optimal values of thicknesses of all parts of the instrument panel beam through a genetic algorithm. By utilizing the very strong global optimizing capability of the genetic algorithm, the constraint conditions required to be met when the dashboard cross beam is designed in a lightweight way are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximum weight reduction requirement of the dashboard cross beam is met, and the more effective dashboard cross beam lightweight design is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of instrument beam weight optimization, and provides an optimization method for instrument beam weight reduction.
Background
New energy automobiles become one of the important directions of automobile development in China due to the characteristics of low carbon, environmental protection and energy conservation. In order to improve the endurance mileage of the new energy automobile, the new energy automobile generally has larger whole automobile quality. The automobile instrument panel beam is a very important part of an automobile structure, is used for carrying important subsystems such as an instrument panel assembly, an air conditioning system, a steering system, an air bag and the like, and provides mounting interfaces for a plurality of electronic modules related to control. The design quality of the instrument board beam can directly influence NVH performance of the automobile, such as idling shake of a steering wheel, vibration abnormal sound in an instrument board assembly when the automobile runs at a constant speed, and the like. In addition, as the demand for weight reduction of automobiles increases, development of a structure that satisfies performance requirements in all aspects and is lightweight has become a challenge for design engineers. At present, most of instrument board beams of passenger cars are usually formed by welding steel pipes and sheet metal parts, and the weight of the instrument board beams is heavy. Along with the light weight requirement of vehicles and the increasing maturity of magnesium alloy die casting technology, the magnesium alloy instrument board beam is widely applied, and compared with the instrument board beam made of steel, the magnesium alloy can integrate a large number of welding parts, the weight is reduced by 30% -40%, the fuel economy is better, and the anti-collision performance and the vibration reduction performance are greatly improved. Therefore, the lightweight structural optimization design of the instrument panel beam is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optimization method for the weight reduction of an instrument board beam, and aims to solve the problems.
The invention is realized in this way, an optimization method for the light weight of the instrument board beam, the method is as follows:
s1, constructing a fitness function based on an objective function and constraint conditions, wherein the objective function is the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam, and the constraint conditions are modal analysis and rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam;
s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual genes and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam;
s3, obtaining individual genes with optimal fitness values, namely optimal values of thicknesses of all parts of the instrument panel beam through a genetic algorithm.
Further, the objective function is expressed as:
wherein M is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, a i For the material density of part i, S i Is the cross-sectional area of part i, t i The thickness value of the part i.
Further, the constraint is expressed as:
s.t.ξ m ＜＜ξ
δ＜δ m
d＜d m
t min ＜t i ＜t max
wherein, xi is the first order natural frequency, xi m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the most under the load conditionLarge strain, d m For material allowable strain, delta is the maximum stress under load, delta m Allowable stress for material, t min 、t max Respectively, a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness.
Further, the fitness function is:
wherein C is 1 、C 2 、C 3 、C 4 Is a weight factor, andm is the total mass of the instrument board beam, M m In order to optimize the total mass of the front instrument board beam, xi is the first-order natural frequency, xi m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under the load condition, d m For material allowable strain, delta is the maximum stress under load, delta m The stress is allowed for the material.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31, setting population scale, and randomly generating an initial population under the constraint condition of thickness dimensions of each part;
s32, calculating an individual fitness value;
s33, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold, if so, outputting an individual with the optimal fitness value, and if not, executing a step S34;
s34, sequentially performing individual selection operation on the population, performing cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals until the population quantity reaches the set scale of the population, forming next generation population individuals, and returning to the step S32.
Further, individual selection in step S34 is performed using the tournament method.
Further, the mutation operation is a non-uniform mutation method.
According to the invention, by utilizing the very strong global optimizing capability of the genetic algorithm, the constraint conditions required to be met when the dashboard cross beam is designed in a lightweight way are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximum weight reduction requirement of the dashboard cross beam is met, and the more effective dashboard cross beam lightweight design is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optimization method for reducing weight of a beam of an instrument panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention in further detail.
The common instrument board beam consists of a tubular beam, an H-shaped bracket, a front upper structure, a left mounting bracket, a right mounting bracket and the like, and a complete three-dimensional model of the instrument board beam is usually available before the light weight design is carried out. The invention aims to optimize thickness dimensions of different parts of a beam of an instrument board through a genetic algorithm on the basis of determining the general structure of the beam of the instrument board by taking the minimum mass of the beam of the instrument board as an objective function and taking modal analysis and rigidity analysis of the beam of the instrument board as constraints.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optimization method for the weight reduction of a beam of an instrument panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, determining an optimization target and constraint conditions for the size optimization of the instrument board beam, wherein the optimization target is selected as the minimum mass of the instrument board beam in the example, and an objective function is set as:
wherein M is the total mass of the battery box, a i For the material density, s, of part i i Is the cross-sectional area of part i, t i For the thickness value of the part i, the total mass of the instrument board beam is the sum of the mass of each part of the instrument board beam, the mass of the part is obtained by multiplying the density of the part material, the cross-sectional area in the part and the thickness value of the part, wherein the density of the part material and the cross-sectional area in the part can be known at the initial stage of optimization, and the thickness value of the part is obtained by optimizingAnd converting the obtained optimal individual gene value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the constraint condition is selected as the maximum stress of the instrument board beam under the condition of the first-order natural frequency and the load of the instrument board beam modal analysis; the load working condition is static calculation, loads in a certain direction are respectively loaded on the left end of the instrument board beam and the clamp disc, and the constraint conditions are as follows:
s.t.ξ m ＜＜ξ
δ＜δ m
d＜d m
t min ＜t i ＜t max
wherein, xi is the first order natural frequency of the instrument board beam, and xi is the first order natural frequency of the instrument board beam m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain of the instrument panel beam under the load condition, d m For material allowable strain, delta is the maximum stress of the instrument panel beam under load, delta m Allowable stress for material, t min 、t max Respectively, a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness.
The above constraints have the effect of: (1) Zeta type toy m Is the idle vibration excitation frequency of the vehicle. In order to reduce part damage and improve driving comfort, the natural frequency of the driving vehicle part is required to be far away from the idle excitation frequency of the vehicle, so that resonance is prevented; (2) Under load, its maximum stress delta is less than delta m Wherein delta m Allowing stress for the material; in order to prevent the stress concentration of the parts and the breakage of the parts, which endangers the running safety of the automobile, the maximum stress of the parts is required to be within the allowable stress range of the parts materials. (3) Under load, the maximum stress d is less than d m Wherein d is m Allowing stress for the material; (4) Optimizing thickness t i In the thickness constraint range t min ～t max And (3) inner part.
Step S2, selecting optimizable parameters of the instrument panel beam according to the objective function and the optimization conditions determined in the step S1, determining an encoding rule, wherein the optimizable parameters in the example are selected as instrument panel beam part thicknesses, classifying and numbering the instrument panel beam parts according to the encoding rule, determining the mapping relation between individual genes and the instrument panel beam part thicknesses, wherein one individual gene corresponds to the thickness value of each part of a group of instrument panel beams, obtaining the total mass M of the instrument panel beam corresponding to each gene in a simulation mode, the first-order natural frequency xi of the instrument panel beam, the maximum strain d of the instrument panel beam under the load condition, the maximum stress delta of the instrument panel beam under the load condition, and calculating the fitness value of each gene individual,
step S3, setting a population scale N and a cross variation probability f, randomly generating an initial population under the constraint condition of the thickness dimension of each part, and randomly generating the initial population according to the constraint condition of the thickness dimension;
the size of the population scale and cross variation probability settings can affect the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm solution. The larger the population size is, the easier the global optimal solution is found, but the solution time is greatly increased, the smaller the population size is, the shorter the solution time is, and the local optimal solution is more easily trapped. The probability of cross variation mainly influences the speed of generating new individuals, and the larger the probability of cross variation is, the faster the new individuals are generated, and the more easily the new individuals are generated.
Step S4, mapping according to the optimization target and the constraint condition determined in the step S1 to obtain an fitness function, wherein in the embodiment of the invention, the fitness function is as follows:
wherein: c (C) 1 、C 2 、C 3 、C 4 Is a weight factor, andm is the total mass of the instrument board beam, M m In order to optimize the total mass of the front instrument panel, ζ is the first order natural frequency of the instrument panel beam, ζ m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain of the instrument panel beam under the load condition, d m For material allowable strain, σ is the maximum stress of the instrument panel beam under load, σ m The stress is allowed for the material. The fitness function is an index for measuring the individual excellence, and the higher the fitness is, the better the representative individual gene isThe individual with the greatest fitness is used as the final optimization result.
S5, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the population based on the fitness function;
and S6, selecting individuals in the population, performing crossover and mutation operations on the selected individuals, increasing the diversity of the population, and forming individuals in the next generation population.
Selecting and reserving optimal individuals by adopting a tournament method, taking out a certain number of individuals from a population each time, and performing cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals, wherein the cross operation adopts an intermediate recombination mode to select variable values from parent individuals to form new child individuals, so that the diversity of the individuals is increased. The mutation operation adopts a non-uniform mutation method, performs random disturbance on the original gene, and takes the disturbed result as a mutated new gene value.
And S6, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold, if the detection result is negative, repeating the step S5, and if the detection result is positive, outputting an individual with the maximum fitness, wherein the gene of the individual is the optimal thickness dimension of the instrument board beam.
According to the invention, by utilizing the very strong global optimizing capability of the genetic algorithm, the constraint conditions required to be met when the dashboard cross beam is designed in a lightweight way are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximum weight reduction requirement of the dashboard cross beam is met, and the more effective dashboard cross beam lightweight design is realized.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. An optimization method for the light weight of an instrument board beam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a fitness function based on an objective function and constraint conditions, wherein the minimum mass of a beam of an instrument panel is taken as the objective function, and the modal analysis and the rigidity analysis of the beam of the instrument panel are taken as the constraint conditions;
s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual genes and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam;
s3, obtaining individual genes with optimal fitness values, namely optimal values of thicknesses of all parts of the instrument panel beam through a genetic algorithm;
the fitness function is:
wherein C is 1 、C 2 、C 3 、C 4 Is a weight factor, andm is the total mass of the instrument board beam, M m In order to optimize the total mass of the front instrument board beam, xi is the first-order natural frequency, xi m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under the load condition, d m For material allowable strain, σ is the maximum stress under load, σ m The stress is allowed for the material.
2. The method for optimizing the weight of a cross beam of an instrument panel according to claim 1, wherein the objective function is expressed as:
wherein M is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, a i For the material density of part i, S i Is the cross-sectional area of part i, t i The thickness value of the part i.
3. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of a cross beam of an instrument panel according to claim 1, wherein the constraint condition is expressed as:
s.t.ξ m ＜＜ξ
δ＜δ m
d＜d m
t min ＜t i ＜t max
wherein, xi is the first order natural frequency, xi m Is the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under the load condition, d m For material allowable strain, delta is the maximum stress under load, delta m Allowable stress for material, t min 、t max Respectively a maximum thickness value and a minimum thickness value, t i The thickness value of the part i.
4. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of the instrument panel beam according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises the steps of:
s31, setting population scale, and randomly generating an initial population under the constraint condition of thickness dimensions of each part;
s32, calculating an individual fitness value;
s33, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold, if so, outputting an individual with the optimal fitness value, and if not, executing a step S34;
s34, sequentially performing individual selection operation on the population, performing cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals until the population quantity reaches the set scale of the population, forming next generation population individuals, and returning to the step S32.
5. The method for optimizing the weight of a dashboard beam as recited in claim 4, wherein the individual selection in step S34 is performed using a tournament method.
6. The method for optimizing the weight of a cross beam of an instrument panel according to claim 4, wherein the mutation operation is a non-uniform mutation method.
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