CN113127978A - Optimization method for light weight of instrument board beam - Google Patents
Optimization method for light weight of instrument board beam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile weight optimization, and provides an optimization method for the lightweight of an instrument board beam, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a fitness function based on the target function and the constraint condition, taking the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam as the target function, and taking the modal analysis and the rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam as the constraint condition; s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual gene and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam; s3, obtaining the individual genes with the optimal fitness value through a genetic algorithm, namely the optimal values of the thicknesses of the parts of the instrument board beam. By utilizing the very strong global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm, the constraint conditions required to be met during the lightweight design of the instrument panel beam are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximized weight reduction requirement of the instrument panel beam is met, and the more effective lightweight design of the instrument panel beam is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of instrument beam weight optimization, and provides a method for optimizing the weight of an instrument board beam.
Background
The new energy automobile has become one of the important directions of automobile development in China due to the characteristics of low carbon, environmental protection and energy conservation. In order to improve the endurance mileage of a new energy automobile, the new energy automobile generally has a large overall mass. The dashboard cross member is a very important part in the automobile structure, is responsible for important subsystems such as a dashboard assembly, an air conditioning system, a steering system, an airbag and the like, and provides a mounting interface for a plurality of electronic modules related to control. The design quality of the instrument panel beam can directly influence the NVH performance of the automobile, such as idle speed vibration of a steering wheel, vibration abnormal sound in an instrument panel assembly when the automobile runs at a constant speed and the like. In addition, as the demand for lightweight automobiles is higher, the development of a structure that can satisfy various performance requirements and has lighter weight is becoming a challenge for design engineers. At present, most instrument panel cross beams of passenger vehicles are generally formed by welding steel pipes and sheet metal parts, and the weight of the instrument panel cross beams is heavier. Along with the requirement of light weight of vehicles and the gradual maturity of magnesium alloy die-casting technology, magnesium alloy's instrument board crossbeam has obtained a large amount of applications, compares with the instrument board crossbeam of selecting for use steel, and magnesium alloy can integrate a large amount of welded parts, and weight reduces 30% -40%, has better fuel economy, and crashworthiness and damping performance promote by a wide margin. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the design by reducing the weight of the instrument panel cross member.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optimization method for the lightweight of an instrument board beam, aiming at improving the problems.
The invention is realized in such a way, and provides an optimization method for the lightweight of an instrument board beam, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, constructing a fitness function based on the target function and the constraint condition, taking the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam as the target function, and taking the modal analysis and the rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam as the constraint condition;
s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual gene and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam;
s3, obtaining the individual genes with the optimal fitness value through a genetic algorithm, namely the optimal values of the thicknesses of the parts of the instrument board beam.
Further, the objective function is expressed as:
wherein M is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, aiIs the material density, S, of part iiIs the cross-sectional area, t, of part iiIs the thickness value of part i.
Further, the constraint is expressed as:
s.t.ξm＜＜ξ
δ＜δm
d＜dm
tmin＜ti＜tmax
where xi is the first order natural frequency ximIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under load, dmAllowable strain for the material, delta is the maximum stress under load, deltamAllowable stress for the material, tmin、tmaxThe thickness maximum and the thickness minimum are respectively.
Further, the fitness function is:
wherein, C1、C2、C3、C4Is a weight factor, and
m is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, MmTo optimize the total mass of the front instrument panel beam, xi is a first-order natural frequencymIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under load, dmAllowable strain for the material, delta is the maximum stress under load, deltamAllowing stress for the material.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31, setting the population scale, and randomly generating an initial population under the thickness size constraint condition of each part;
s32, calculating an individual fitness value;
s33, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold value, if so, outputting an individual with an optimal fitness value, and if not, executing a step S34;
and S34, sequentially carrying out individual selection operation on the population, carrying out cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals until the population number reaches the set scale of the population to form next generation population individuals, and returning to the step S32.
Further, the individual selection in step S34 is performed using the tournament method.
Furthermore, the mutation operation adopts a non-uniform mutation method.
According to the invention, the very strong global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm is utilized, the constraint conditions required to be met during the lightweight design of the instrument board beam are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximized weight reduction requirement of the instrument board beam is met, and the more effective lightweight design of the instrument board beam is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optimization method for reducing weight of an instrument panel beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The common instrument board beam comprises a tubular beam, an H-shaped support, a front upper structure, a left mounting support, a right mounting support and the like, and before lightweight design, a complete three-dimensional model of the instrument board beam is usually provided. The invention aims to optimize the thickness sizes of different parts of an instrument panel beam by using the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam as a target function and using modal analysis and rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam as constraints and using a genetic algorithm on the basis of determining the general structure of the instrument panel beam.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optimization method for reducing the weight of an instrument panel beam, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining an optimization objective and constraint conditions for the instrument panel beam size optimization, where in this example, the optimization objective is selected as the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam, and the objective function is set as:
wherein M is the total mass of the battery case, aiIs the material density, s, of part iiIs the cross-sectional area, t, of part iiThe thickness value of the part i is the total mass of the instrument board beam is the sum of the mass of each part of the instrument board beam, the mass of the part is obtained by multiplying the material density of the part, the middle section area of the part and the thickness value of the part, wherein the material density of the part and the middle section area of the part can be known in the initial optimization stage, and the thickness value of the part is converted from the optimal individual gene value obtained by optimization.
In the embodiment of the invention, the constraint condition is selected as the maximum stress of the instrument panel beam under the conditions of the first-order natural frequency of the modal analysis of the instrument panel beam and the load; wherein the load operating mode is static calculation, loads of a certain direction are loaded on the left end of the instrument board beam and the clamp plate respectively, and the constraint conditions are as follows:
s.t.ξm＜＜ξ
δ＜δm
d＜dm
tmin＜ti＜tmax
wherein xi is the first-order natural frequency of the instrument board beam, ximIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain of the dashboard cross member under load, dmAllowable strain for material, delta is the maximum stress of the instrument panel beam under load, deltamAllowable stress for the material, tmin、tmaxThe thickness maximum and the thickness minimum are respectively.
The function of the constraint conditions is as follows: (1) ximThe frequency of the idle vibration excitation of the vehicle is. In order to reduce part damage and improve driving comfort, the natural frequency of the parts of the running vehicle is required to be far away from the idle vibration excitation frequency of the vehicle, so as to prevent resonance; (2) under the loading condition, the maximum stress delta is less than deltamWherein δmAllowing stress for the material; in order to prevent the stress concentration of the part, which causes the part to break and endangers the driving safety of the automobile, the maximum stress of the part is required to be within the allowable stress range of the part material. (3) Under the loading condition, the maximum stress d is less than dmWherein d ismAllowing stress for the material; (4) optimized thickness tiWithin the thickness constraint range tmin～tmaxAnd (4) the following steps.
Step S2, according to the objective function and the optimization condition determined in step S1, the optimized parameters of the instrument board beam are selected, the coding rule is determined, in the embodiment, the optimized parameters are selected to be the thickness of the instrument board beam parts, the instrument board beam parts are classified and numbered according to the coding rule, the mapping relation between the individual genes and the thickness of the instrument board beam parts is determined, one individual gene corresponds to the thickness value of each part of a group of instrument board beams, the total mass M of the instrument board beam corresponding to each gene, the first-order natural frequency xi of the instrument board beam, the maximum strain d of the instrument board beam under the load condition, the maximum stress delta of the instrument board beam under the load condition are obtained in a simulation mode, and the adaptive value of each gene individual is calculated,
step S3, setting a population scale N and a cross variation probability f, randomly generating an initial population under the thickness dimension constraint condition of each part, and randomly generating the initial population according to the thickness dimension constraint condition;
the population size and the size of the cross variation probability settings affect the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm solution. The larger the population scale is, the easier the global optimal solution is to be found, but the solution time is greatly increased, and the smaller the population scale is, the shorter the solution time is, but the more easily the local optimal solution is trapped. The cross mutation probability mainly influences the speed of generating new individuals, and the larger the cross mutation probability is, the faster the new individuals are generated, and the easier the new individuals are generated.
Step S4, obtaining a fitness function according to the optimization objective and the constraint condition mapping determined in step S1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the fitness function is:
wherein: c1、C2、C3、C4Is a weight factor, and
m is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, MmIn order to optimize the total mass of the front instrument panel, xi is the first-order natural frequency of the instrument panel beam, ximIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain of the dashboard cross member under load, dmAllowable strain for material, σ is the maximum stress of the instrument panel beam under load, σmAllowing stress for the material. The fitness function is an index for measuring the excellence of the individual, the higher the fitness is, the better the representative individual gene is, and the individual with the maximum fitness is taken as the final optimization result.
Step S5, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the population based on the fitness function;
and step S6, selecting individuals from the population, and performing crossover and variation operations on the selected individuals to increase the diversity of the population and form next generation population individuals.
Selecting and reserving optimal individuals by adopting a tournament method, taking a certain number of individuals from a population each time, and carrying out cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals, wherein the cross operation selects variable values from parent individuals by adopting an intermediate recombination mode to form new sub-individuals, and the diversity of the individuals is increased. The mutation operation adopts a non-uniform mutation method, random perturbation is carried out on the original gene, and the perturbed result is used as a new gene value after mutation.
And step S6, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold value, if the detection result is negative, repeating the step S5, if the detection result is positive, outputting an individual with the maximum fitness, wherein the gene of the individual is the optimal thickness size of the instrument panel beam.
According to the invention, the very strong global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm is utilized, the constraint conditions required to be met during the lightweight design of the instrument board beam are comprehensively considered, and the optimal size design scheme is sought under various constraint conditions, so that the maximized weight reduction requirement of the instrument board beam is met, and the more effective lightweight design of the instrument board beam is realized.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for optimizing the lightweight of an instrument panel beam is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, constructing a fitness function based on the target function and the constraint condition, taking the minimum mass of the instrument panel beam as the target function, and taking the modal analysis and the rigidity analysis of the instrument panel beam as the constraint condition;
s2, carrying out gene coding on the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam, and determining the mapping relation between the individual gene and the thickness of each part of the instrument board beam;
s3, obtaining the individual genes with the optimal fitness value through a genetic algorithm, namely the optimal values of the thicknesses of the parts of the instrument board beam.
2. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of an instrument panel cross member as set forth in claim 1, wherein the objective function is expressed as:
wherein M is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, aiIs the material density, S, of part iiIs the cross-sectional area, t, of part iiIs the thickness value of part i.
3. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of the instrument panel cross member according to claim 1, wherein the constraint condition is expressed as:
s.t.ξm＜＜ξ
δ＜δm
d＜dm
tmin＜ti＜tmax
where xi is the first order natural frequency ximIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under load, dmAllowable strain for the material, delta is the maximum stress under load, deltamAllowable stress for the material, tmin、tmaxThe thickness maximum and the thickness minimum are respectively.
4. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of the instrument panel cross beam of claim 1, wherein the fitness function is:
wherein, C1、C2、C3、C4Is a weight factor, and
m is the total mass of the instrument panel beam, MmTo optimize the total mass of the front instrument panel beam, xi is a first-order natural frequencymIs the natural frequency of the vehicle, d is the maximum strain under load, dmAllowable strain for the material, delta is the maximum stress under load, deltamAllowing stress for the material.
5. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of the instrument panel cross member according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
s31, setting the population scale, and randomly generating an initial population under the thickness size constraint condition of each part;
s32, calculating an individual fitness value;
s33, detecting whether the optimization times reach a time threshold value, if so, outputting an individual with an optimal fitness value, and if not, executing a step S34;
and S34, sequentially carrying out individual selection operation on the population, carrying out cross operation and mutation operation on the selected individuals until the population number reaches the set scale of the population to form next generation population individuals, and returning to the step S32.
6. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of an instrument panel cross member as set forth in claim 5, wherein the individual selection in step S34 is performed by a championship method.
7. The method for optimizing the weight reduction of the instrument panel cross beam according to claim 5, wherein the variation operation is performed by a non-uniform variation method.
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