CN113125863B - Limiting antenna test system and method - Google Patents
Limiting antenna test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113125863B CN113125863B CN202110435729.1A CN202110435729A CN113125863B CN 113125863 B CN113125863 B CN 113125863B CN 202110435729 A CN202110435729 A CN 202110435729A CN 113125863 B CN113125863 B CN 113125863B
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Abstract
The application relates to a system and a method for testing a limiting antenna, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a main channel, a calibration module and a to-be-detected amplitude limiting antenna; the main path is used for providing signals with continuously changed power for the calibration module and the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested, and comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a circulator, a second attenuator and a second frequency spectrograph; when the system is operating in a calibration mode: the main channel is electrically connected with the calibration module to form a calibration channel, and the calibration channel is used for calibrating the test system; when the system works in a performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, the main channel is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to form a performance test channel, and the performance test channel is used for realizing performance test on the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to obtain performance parameters of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested. The system does not need to provide a large-size high-power microwave source, and has the advantages of high input signal flexibility, good repeatability, high accuracy, good operability, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of antenna detection technologies, and in particular, to a system and a method for testing a limiting antenna.
Background
The traditional protection means such as an amplitude limiter is a standard two-port device, the test method is mature, and an injection mode is generally adopted, namely, 1 port gradually increases the injection power and simultaneously observes the receiving power of the second port 2 to obtain the corresponding relation of the input and output powers, so as to obtain the protection performance index. The method has high reliability and is convenient to operate in a laboratory, but is not suitable for an antenna.
The energy selection surface is an effective method applied to front door protection, namely the transmission characteristic of a protection device is directly changed through space field intensity, and self-adaptive protection of strong field isolation and weak field wave transmission is realized. The test usually adopts an irradiation mode, namely, a high-power source is adopted to irradiate the device, the radiation field intensity is gradually improved, meanwhile, the antenna receiving voltage after the energy selection surface is observed, the corresponding relation between the irradiation field intensity and the receiving voltage is obtained, and then the protection performance index is obtained. The test method is suitable for testing the amplitude limiting antenna, but has high requirements on the power, frequency band and field intensity regulation range of a high-power source, and low accuracy and flexibility.
The amplitude limiting antenna realizes the integration of the amplitude limiting function and the antenna by carrying out the loading of a nonlinear device and the structural transformation on the antenna structure. Currently, there is no corresponding testing method.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a system and a method for testing a limiter antenna, which introduce a circulator on the basis of the traditional injection method for testing the limiter, and calculate a corresponding performance index of the limiter antenna by monitoring the amount of energy reflected after the injected energy reaches the limiter antenna.
A clipped antenna test system, the clipped antenna test system comprising: the device comprises a main channel, a calibration module and a to-be-detected amplitude limiting antenna;
the main channel comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a circulator, a second attenuator and a second frequency spectrograph; the main path is used for generating signals with specific pulse width, frequency and repetition frequency through the signal source, performing power amplification on the signals through the power amplifier, enabling the amplified signals to enter a first port of the circulator through the directional coupler, enabling the amplified signals to enter a second frequency spectrograph through a third port of the circulator through the second attenuator, and providing signals with continuously-changed power for the calibration module and the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected through a second port of the circulator;
the calibration module comprises a first attenuator and a first frequency spectrograph;
when the system is operating in a calibration mode: the output end of the main path is electrically connected with the first frequency spectrograph through the first attenuator to form a calibration path, and the calibration path is used for calibrating the second port and the third port of the circulator to obtain the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator;
when the system works in a performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, the output end of the main channel is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to form a performance test channel; the performance testing path is used for adjusting the output power of the signal source according to the sequence of the calibrated power from small to large and recording the power of a third port of the circulator through the second frequency spectrograph; and obtaining a relation curve of the reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected along with the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected according to the power of the third port of the circulator, the first attenuator and the calibration power of the second port of the circulator, and analyzing the relation curve to obtain the starting threshold value and the isolation of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected.
In one embodiment, when the system operates in a performance test mode of the limiter antenna, the performance test path is further configured to determine the maximum tolerable power of the limiter antenna to be tested according to the input power of the limiter antenna to be tested when the limiter antenna to be tested is damaged.
A test method of amplitude limiting antenna is applied to any one of the above-mentioned test systems of amplitude limiting antenna to realize the test of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested; the method comprises the following steps:
calibrating a limiting antenna test system:
electrically connecting the main channel with the calibration module;
gradually increasing and adjusting the output power of the signal source from small to large, and recording the output power of the signal source, the power of the first frequency spectrograph and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
obtaining the calibration power of a second port and a third port of the circulator according to the signal output source power, the first attenuator value, the power of the first frequency spectrograph, the second attenuator value and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
and a limiting antenna testing step:
after the amplitude limiting antenna test system finishes calibration, removing the calibration module and electrically connecting the main channel with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested;
according to the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator, the output power of the signal source is gradually increased from small to large, the test power of the second frequency spectrograph is recorded, and the experiment is stopped until the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested is obviously damaged;
obtaining the reflected power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested according to the attenuation value of the second attenuator and the test power of the second frequency spectrograph;
obtaining the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the attenuation value of the first attenuator and the calibration power of the second port 2 of the circulator corresponding to the output power of the signal source;
obtaining a reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the reflection power and the input power;
obtaining a change curve of the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected according to the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected;
and analyzing the change curve, and respectively taking the input power when the change curve starts to increase in a nonlinear way and the input power when a damage stopping experiment occurs as a starting power threshold and a maximum tolerance power threshold.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: when the field intensity of an external electromagnetic field is incident on the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected, the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected is obtained according to the power density of the electromagnetic field and the effective receiving area of the amplitude limiting antenna;
and obtaining a corresponding starting irradiation field intensity threshold value and a corresponding maximum tolerated irradiation field intensity threshold value according to the starting power threshold value, the maximum tolerated power threshold value and the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected.
The above-mentioned test system and method for amplitude limiting antenna, the test system for amplitude limiting antenna includes: the device comprises a main channel, a calibration module and a to-be-detected amplitude limiting antenna; the main path is used for providing signals with continuously changed power for the calibration module and the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested, and comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a circulator, a second attenuator and a second frequency spectrograph; when the system is operating in a calibration mode: the main passage is electrically connected with the calibration module to form a calibration passage, and the calibration passage is used for calibrating the second port and the third port of the circulator to obtain the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator; when the system works in a performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, the main channel is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to form a performance test channel; the performance test access is used for realizing performance test on the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to obtain the performance parameters of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested. Compared with the traditional irradiation type test system, the system has the advantages that the experiment is simple and easy to implement, a large-size high-power microwave source is not required to be provided, and the signal source injection mode is adopted, so that the system has the advantages of high input signal flexibility, good repeatability, high accuracy, good operability, low cost and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a clipped antenna test system in an embodiment, in which (a) is a schematic diagram of a calibration path and (b) is a schematic diagram of a performance test path;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for testing a clipped antenna in one embodiment;
fig. 3 is a graph of the test results of a clipped antenna in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a clipped antenna test system comprising: the device comprises a main channel 100, a calibration module 101 and a to-be-tested amplitude limiting antenna 102;
a main path 100 including a signal source 1001, a power amplifier 1002, a directional coupler 1003, a circulator 1004, a second attenuator 1005, and a second spectrometer 1006; the main path 100 is configured to generate a signal with a specific pulse width, frequency and repetition frequency through a signal source 1001, and perform power amplification on the signal through a power amplifier 1002, where the amplified signal enters a first port 1 of a circulator 1004 through a directional coupler 1003, enters a second spectrometer 1006 through a second attenuator 1005 from a third port 3 of the circulator 1004, and provides a signal with continuously changing power to the calibration module 101 and the clipping antenna 102 to be tested through a second port 2 of the circulator 1004.
The directional coupler 1003 is used to make the signal transmitted in one direction to avoid damaging the front stage power amplifier 1002.
The second spectrometer 1006 is used to observe the reflected signal magnitude to verify that the second port 2 of circulator 1004 is matched and that the circulator 1004 isolation is effective to support the test. The power of the adjusting signal source 1001 is gradually increased from small to large, and the signal power calibration values of the second port and the third port of the circulator 1004 are obtained.
The calibration module 101 includes a first attenuator 1011 and a first spectrometer 1012.
When the system is operating in the calibration mode: as shown in fig. 1 (a), in the power calibration schematic diagram of the limited antenna test system, the output end of the main path 100 is electrically connected to the first spectrometer 1012 through the first attenuator 1011 to form a calibration path, and the calibration path is used to calibrate the second port 2 and the third port 3 of the circulator 1004, so as to obtain the calibration powers of the second port 2 and the third port 3 of the circulator 1004;
when the system works in the performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, as shown in (b) of fig. 1, the output end of the main path 100 is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be tested to form a performance test path; the performance testing path is used for adjusting the output power of the signal source 1001 from small to large according to the calibration power, and recording the power of the third port 3 of the circulator 1004 through the second frequency spectrograph 1006; according to the power of the third port 3 of the circulator 1004, the calibrated power of the first attenuator 1012 and the calibrated power of the second port 2 of the circulator 1004, a relation curve of the reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be tested along with the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested is obtained, and the relation curve is analyzed to obtain the starting threshold and the isolation of the amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be tested.
The circulator 1004 and the front stage part device are not changed, the second port 2 of the circulator 1004 removes the first attenuator 1011 and simultaneously changes the first frequency spectrograph 1012 into the amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be measured; the third port 3 of the circulator 1004 remains unchanged. And regulating the power of the signal source from small to large according to the calibrated power, and recording the power of the third port 3 of the circulator 1004.
The power value of the third port 3 of the circulator 1004 is combined with the output power calibrated by the second attenuator 1005 and the second port 2 of the circulator 1004, so that a graph of the reflection coefficient of the limiter antenna 102 to be tested along with the input power change of the limiter antenna can be obtained. The starting threshold and the isolation of the amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be tested can be obtained by observing the change of the curve, and if the damage of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested can be observed along with the continuous increase of the input power, the maximum tolerable power can be obtained.
The signal source, the power amplifier, the directional coupler, the circulator, the attenuator and the frequency spectrograph are selected by considering that the working frequency band of the signal source corresponds to the working frequency band of the tested amplitude limiting antenna. The signal source requires adjustable power, the adjustable range is large enough, and the highest output power of the signal source is more than 20 dBm. The power amplifier preferably selects a high-gain and stable model, and the gain is more than 30 dB. The isolation between the directional coupler and the circulator is as large as possible, more than 20dB is required, and the insertion loss is as small as possible and is within 0.5 dB. The spectrometer requires that the antenna operating frequency range be within the spectrometer frequency range and that the measurement range be sufficiently large.
The amplitude limiting antenna 102 to be tested is integrated with the antenna by loading a nonlinear device and modifying the structure on the antenna structure.
In the above-mentioned clip antenna test system, the clip antenna test system includes: the device comprises a main channel, a calibration module and a to-be-detected amplitude limiting antenna; the main path is used for providing signals with continuously changed power for the calibration module and the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested, and comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a circulator, a second attenuator and a second frequency spectrograph; when the system is operating in a calibration mode: the main channel is electrically connected with the calibration module to form a calibration channel, and the calibration channel is used for calibrating the test system; when the system works in a performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, the main channel is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to form a performance test channel; the performance test access is used for realizing performance test on the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to obtain the performance parameters of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested. Compared with the traditional irradiation type test system, the system has the advantages that the experiment is simple and easy to implement, a large-size high-power microwave source is not required to be provided, and the signal source injection mode is adopted, so that the system has the advantages of high input signal flexibility, good repeatability, high accuracy, good operability, low cost and the like.
In one embodiment, when the system operates in the performance test mode of the limiter antenna, the performance test path is further configured to determine the maximum tolerable power of the limiter antenna to be tested according to the input power of the limiter antenna to be tested when the limiter antenna to be tested is damaged.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a method for testing a limited antenna is provided, which is applied to any one of the above limited antenna test systems to implement the test of a limited antenna to be tested; the method comprises the following steps:
calibrating a limiting antenna test system:
step 200: electrically connecting the main channel with the calibration module;
step 202: gradually increasing and adjusting the output power of the signal source from small to large, and recording the output power of the signal source, the power of the first frequency spectrograph and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
step 204: obtaining the calibration power of a second port and a third port of the circulator according to the signal output source power, the first attenuator value, the power of the first frequency spectrograph, the second attenuator value and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
and a limiting antenna testing step:
step 206: after the amplitude limiting antenna test system finishes calibration, removing the calibration module, and electrically connecting the main channel with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested;
step 208: according to the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator, the output power of the signal source is gradually increased from small to large, the test power of the second frequency spectrograph is recorded, and the experiment is stopped until the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested is obviously damaged;
step 210: obtaining the reflected power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested according to the attenuation value of the second attenuator and the test power of the second frequency spectrograph;
step 212: obtaining the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the attenuation value of the first attenuator and the calibration power of the second port 2 of the circulator corresponding to the output power of the signal source;
step 214: obtaining a reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the reflection power and the input power;
step 216: obtaining a change curve of the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected according to the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected;
step 218: and analyzing the change curve, and taking the input power of the change curve when the change curve starts to increase in a nonlinear mode and the input power of the change curve when the damage stopping experiment occurs as a starting power threshold and a maximum tolerance power threshold respectively.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: when the field intensity of an external electromagnetic field is incident on the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected, the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected is obtained according to the power density of the electromagnetic field and the effective receiving area of the amplitude limiting antenna; and obtaining a corresponding starting irradiation field intensity threshold value and a corresponding maximum tolerated irradiation field intensity threshold value according to the starting power threshold value, the maximum tolerated power threshold value and the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected.
In one embodiment, the device connection is first performed as shown in fig. 1 (a), and the power calibration is performed, wherein the attenuation values of the first attenuator and the second attenuator are S1、S2. Regulating the power of the signal source to gradually increase from small to large, and recording the power P of the signal source0Power P of the first spectrometer1Power P of the second spectrometer2Observation of P1、P2Whether or not to follow P0Increasing and linearly increasing, the reflected power P of the limiting antenna2+S2Whether to compare P0Small enough to verify the confidence of the experimental setup.
Then, as shown in (b) of fig. 1, the equipment connection is performed to perform the protection index test, and the model of the second attenuator in the performance test path in this embodiment may be selected as needed, and is not limited to be the same as the model of the second attenuator in the calibration path, where the attenuator value of the second attenuator in the performance test path is S3. According to the power of the signal source recorded in the calibration experiment, the power is gradually increased from small to large, and the power P of the second frequency spectrograph at the moment is recorded3Observe the limiting day to be measuredLine status, the experiment was stopped when significant damage occurred.
The reflection coefficient calculation formula is as follows: p3+S3-P1-S1Plotting reflection coefficient against antenna port input power P1+S1And (4) changing the curve, and recording the input power when the curve starts to increase in a nonlinear way and the input power when the damage stopping experiment occurs as a starting power threshold A and a maximum tolerance power threshold B respectively. Considering the actual situation of the operation of the limiting antenna, when the external field intensity E is incident on the limiting antenna, the receiving power P of the antennare=Sin*AeIn which the power density S of the electromagnetic fieldin=E0^2/Z0Wherein Z is0Effective radiation area A of the antenna for free space wave impedancee= G λ 2/4 π, where G is the antenna gain, and A, B is substituted for P, respectivelyreCan be converted to obtain the corresponding starting irradiation field intensity threshold value EaAnd a maximum irradiation field intensity threshold value Eb。
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 2 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 2 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
In one embodiment, fig. 3 shows the test result of the test of a typical clipping antenna based on a feed end design by using the test system of the present invention. According to the curve of the reflection coefficient of the limiting antenna along with the change of the input power, the following can be obtained: the starting power threshold is 23.4dbm, the tolerance power threshold is 44.5dbm, and the corresponding starting irradiation field intensity threshold and the corresponding tolerance irradiation field intensity threshold can be obtained through conversion according to the effective area Ae of the antenna.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A clipped antenna test system, the clipped antenna test system comprising: the device comprises a main channel, a calibration module and a to-be-detected amplitude limiting antenna;
the main channel comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a circulator, a second attenuator and a second frequency spectrograph; the main path is used for generating signals with specific pulse width, frequency and repetition frequency through the signal source, performing power amplification on the signals through the power amplifier, enabling the amplified signals to enter a first port of the circulator through the directional coupler, enabling the amplified signals to enter the second frequency spectrograph through the second attenuator from a third port of the circulator, and providing signals with continuously-changed power for the calibration module and the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected through a second port of the circulator;
the calibration module comprises a first attenuator and a first frequency spectrograph;
when the system is operating in a calibration mode: the output end of the main path is electrically connected with the first frequency spectrograph through the first attenuator to form a calibration path, and the calibration path is used for calibrating the second port and the third port of the circulator to obtain the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator;
when the system works in a performance test mode of the amplitude limiting antenna, the output end of the main channel is electrically connected with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested to form a performance test channel; the performance testing path is used for adjusting the output power of the signal source according to the sequence of the calibrated power from small to large and recording the power of a third port of the circulator through the second frequency spectrograph; and obtaining a relation curve of the reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested along with the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested according to the power of the third port of the circulator, the first attenuator and the calibration power of the second port of the circulator, and analyzing the relation curve to obtain the starting threshold and the isolation of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the performance testing path is further configured to determine a maximum tolerable power of the clipped antenna under test based on an input power of the clipped antenna under test when the clipped antenna under test is damaged when the system is operating in a performance testing mode of the clipped antenna.
3. A method for testing a limited antenna is characterized in that the method is applied to the amplitude antenna test system of any one of claims 1-2 to test the limited antenna to be tested; the method comprises the following steps:
calibrating a limiting antenna test system:
electrically connecting the main channel with the calibration module;
gradually increasing and adjusting the output power of the signal source from small to large, and recording the output power of the signal source, the power of the first frequency spectrograph and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
obtaining the calibration power of a second port and a third port of the circulator according to the signal output source power, the first attenuator value, the power of the first frequency spectrograph, the second attenuator value and the power of the second frequency spectrograph;
and a limiting antenna testing step:
after the amplitude limiting antenna test system finishes calibration, removing the calibration module and electrically connecting the main channel with the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested;
according to the calibration power of the second port and the third port of the circulator, the output power of the signal source is gradually increased from small to large, the test power of the second frequency spectrograph is recorded, and the experiment is stopped until the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested is obviously damaged;
obtaining the reflected power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be tested according to the attenuation value of the second attenuator and the test power of the second frequency spectrograph;
obtaining the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the attenuation value of the first attenuator and the calibration power of the second port of the circulator corresponding to the output power of the signal source;
obtaining a reflection coefficient of the amplitude limiting antenna to be measured according to the reflection power and the input power;
obtaining a change curve of the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected according to the reflection coefficient and the input power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected;
and analyzing the change curve, and respectively taking the input power when the change curve starts to increase in a nonlinear way and the input power when a damage stopping experiment occurs as a starting power threshold and a maximum tolerance power threshold.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
when the field intensity of an external electromagnetic field is incident on the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected, the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected is obtained according to the power density of the electromagnetic field and the effective receiving area of the amplitude limiting antenna;
and obtaining a corresponding starting irradiation field intensity threshold value and a corresponding maximum tolerated irradiation field intensity threshold value according to the starting power threshold value, the maximum tolerated power threshold value and the receiving power of the amplitude limiting antenna to be detected.
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| RU1770918C (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-10-23 | Минский радиотехнический институт | Device for measuring antenna field amplitude-phase distribution |
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| CN106161704B (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2019-07-12 | 深圳市通用测试系统有限公司 | The test macro of wireless terminal |
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| RU1770918C (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-10-23 | Минский радиотехнический институт | Device for measuring antenna field amplitude-phase distribution |
| CN104714217A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-17 | 西安电子工程研究所 | Zero distance calibration system and method for pulse Doppler radar |
| CN105510906A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-20 | 北京东方安高微电子科技有限公司 | Ku wave band adaptive anti-interference frequency-dependent radar |
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