CN113125794A - Target pill speed measuring system based on microwave double-resonant cavity technology - Google Patents
Target pill speed measuring system based on microwave double-resonant cavity technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113125794A CN113125794A CN202110330237.6A CN202110330237A CN113125794A CN 113125794 A CN113125794 A CN 113125794A CN 202110330237 A CN202110330237 A CN 202110330237A CN 113125794 A CN113125794 A CN 113125794A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of microwave diagnosis and target pill speed measurement, and particularly relates to a target pill speed measurement system based on a microwave double-resonant cavity technology. According to the invention, the output microwaves of the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit are phase-locked at different frequencies by selecting a proper resonant cavity size, and the time of two frequency disturbances caused when the target pill sequentially passes through the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity is monitored by using a broadband high-sampling oscilloscope, so that the movement speed of the target pill is further obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave diagnosis and target pill speed measurement, and particularly relates to a target pill speed measurement system based on a microwave double-resonant-cavity technology.
Background
The target or projectile propelled by pneumatics, explosion or ultra-high speed impacts, etc., will produce very high velocities, up to several to tens of mach. Because the speed of the target pill is very fast, and the size is small, some target pills fly in the sealed pipeline at high speed, the difficulty of speed measurement is very large. The existing ultra-high speed target pill speed measuring method mainly comprises the methods of laser speed measurement, high-speed photo measurement, target pill particle impact time difference utilization and the like. The laser speed measurement method is to measure two points on the target pill flight path to obtain the time difference of flight. However, laser has high requirements for measuring environment, and is not suitable for the situation that the size of the target pill is far smaller than the width of the laser beam. High-speed photogrammetry utilizes a high-speed camera to obtain images of the trajectories of particle flight, but is limited by the temporal and spatial resolution parameters of the camera and cannot measure very high-speed small-size target pellets. The target pill impact method is to measure the sound or light or particle signal generated at the moment of impact, but the signal will break the original movement of the target pill and cannot be measured in real time.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a target pill velocity measurement system based on the microwave dual-resonant cavity technology to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a target pill speed measuring system based on a microwave double-resonant cavity technology, which is based on the fact that when a target pill passes through a resonant cavity twice, the target pill enters the resonant cavity to cause the change of the cavity, so that the output frequency of a resonant phase-locked loop is hopped, and the movement speed of the target pill can be obtained by calculating the time difference of the two frequency hopping.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a target pill speed measuring system based on a microwave double-resonant cavity technology comprises a double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit, a target pill moving unit and a speed detecting unit, wherein the double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit comprises a first resonance phase-locked loop circuit and a second resonance phase-locked loop circuit, and the target pill moving unit, the double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit and the speed detecting unit are sequentially connected.
The first resonant phase-locked loop circuit comprises a first resonant cavity, a first microwave amplifier and a first power divider, wherein the output end of the first resonant cavity is connected with the input end of the first microwave amplifier, the output end of the first microwave amplifier is connected with the input end of the first power divider, the first output end of the first power divider is connected with the input end of the first resonant cavity, and the second output end of the first power divider is used for outputting microwaves.
The second resonant phase-locked loop circuit comprises a second resonant cavity, a second microwave amplifier and a second power divider. The output end of the second resonant cavity is connected with the input end of a second microwave amplifier, the output end of the second microwave amplifier is connected with the input end of a second power divider, the first output end of the second power divider is connected with the input end of the second resonant cavity, and the second output end of the second power divider is used for outputting microwaves.
The target pill moving unit comprises target pills, a target pill input port, a target pill moving pipeline and a target pill output port. The target pill input port is arranged at one end of the first resonant cavity, two ends of the target pill moving pipeline are respectively communicated with the other end of the first resonant cavity and one end of the second resonant cavity, and the target pill output port is arranged at the other end of the second resonant cavity.
The speed detection unit comprises a mixer, a filter, an intermediate frequency amplifier and an oscilloscope/time analyzer. Two input ends of the frequency mixer are respectively connected with the second output end of the first power divider and the second output end of the second power divider, and the output end of the frequency mixer is sequentially connected with the filter, the intermediate frequency amplifier and the oscilloscope/time analyzer.
The dual-resonance phase-locked loop circuit further comprises a first tuner and a second tuner, wherein the first tuner and the second tuner are used for adjusting the impedance of the resonant cavity, the first tuner is located between the first output end of the first power divider and the input end of the first resonant cavity, and the second tuner is located between the first output end of the second power divider and the input end of the second resonant cavity.
The double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit further comprises a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter, wherein the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are used for adjusting phases, the first phase shifter is located between the output end of the first tuner and the input end of the first resonant cavity, and the second phase shifter is located between the output end of the second tuner and the input end of the second resonant cavity.
The target pill speed measuring system based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology further comprises a first isolator, a second isolator, a third isolator and a fourth isolator which are used for preventing parasitic reflection and controlling microwave one-way transmission. The first isolator is located between the output end of the first tuner and the input end of the first phase shifter, the second isolator is located between the output end of the second tuner and the input end of the second phase shifter, the third isolator is located between the second output end of the second power divider and the second input end of the mixer, and the fourth isolator is located between the second output end of the first power divider and the first input end of the mixer.
The first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are resonant cavities with different sizes, and the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit output microwave signals with different frequencies.
Microwave signals output by the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit are respectively input to two input ends of the frequency mixer after being subjected to power division through the first power divider and the second power divider, are subjected to frequency mixing after being subjected to band-pass filtering through the filter and power amplification through the intermediate frequency amplifier, and are finally output to the oscilloscope/time analyzer for signal processing.
The oscilloscope/time analyzer is a broadband high sampling rate oscilloscope and a flight time analyzer with a spectrum analysis function.
The diameter of the target pill moving pipeline is far smaller than the sizes of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity.
The target pill moving pipeline is a pipeline with a certain length, and the influence of the target pill on the microwave frequency output by the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit is completely eliminated when the target pill passes through the second resonant cavity.
And in the process of moving the target pill from the target pill input port to the target pill output port, the moving speed of the target pill is obtained by calculating the time difference of the two frequency changes on the oscilloscope.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the output microwaves of the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit are phase-locked at different frequencies by selecting a proper resonant cavity size, and the time of two frequency disturbances caused when the target pill sequentially passes through the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity is monitored by using a broadband high-sampling oscilloscope, so that the movement speed of the target pill is further obtained.
(2) The invention considers the response of the resonance phase-locked loop and the oscilloscope, and the system can measure the target pill with the movement speed reaching more than 10km/s magnitude.
(3) The system of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high precision and the like, can be used for measuring the movement speed of the target pellet, and can also be used for measuring the speed of gas beam flow such as ultrasonic molecular beam and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a target pill velocity measurement system based on microwave dual-resonant cavity technology according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a first resonant cavity; 2-a first resonant cavity input; 3-the output end of the first resonant cavity; 4-a first microwave amplifier; 5-a first power divider; 6-a first tuner; 7-a first isolator; 8-a first phase shifter; 9-target pill; 10-target pill input port; 11-a second resonant cavity; 12-second resonator input; 13-second resonator output; 14-a second microwave amplifier; 15-a second power divider; 16-a second tuner; 17-a second isolator; 18-a second phase shifter; 19-target pill output port; 20-target pill movement pipeline; 21-a third isolator; 22-a fourth isolator; 23-a mixer; 24-a filter; 25-an intermediate frequency amplifier; 26-oscilloscope/time analyzer.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the following examples are only some, but not all, of the examples of the present invention. All other embodiments that can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments described herein without inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a target pill velocity measurement system based on microwave dual-resonant cavity technology, which comprises a dual-resonant phase-locked loop circuit for generating microwave signals, a target pill moving unit and a velocity detection unit. The target pill moving unit, the double-resonance phase-locked loop and the speed detection unit are sequentially connected. The dual resonant phase-locked loop circuit includes a first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and a second resonant phase-locked loop circuit.
The first resonant phase-locked loop comprises a first resonant cavity 1, a first microwave amplifier 4 and a first power divider 5, wherein an output end 3 of the first resonant cavity is connected with an input end of the first microwave amplifier 4, an output end of the first microwave amplifier 4 is connected with an input end of the first power divider 5, a first output end of the first power divider 5 is connected with an input end 2 of the first resonant cavity, and a second output end of the first power divider 5 is used for outputting microwaves.
The second resonant phase-locked loop circuit comprises a second resonant cavity 11, a second microwave amplifier 14 and a second power divider 15, an output end 13 of the second resonant cavity is connected with an input end of the second microwave amplifier 14, an output end of the second microwave amplifier 14 is connected with an input end of the second power divider 15, a first output end of the second power divider 15 is connected with an input end 12 of the second resonant cavity, and a second output end of the second power divider 15 is used for outputting microwaves.
The target pill moving unit comprises a target pill 9, a target pill input port 10, a target pill moving pipeline 20 and a target pill output port 19. The target pill input port 10 is arranged at one end of the first resonant cavity 1, two ends of the target pill moving pipeline 20 are respectively communicated with the other end of the first resonant cavity 1 and one end of the second resonant cavity 11, and the target pill output port 19 is arranged at the other end of the second resonant cavity 11.
The speed detection unit includes a mixer 23, a filter 24, an intermediate frequency amplifier 25, and an oscilloscope/time analyzer 26. Two input ends of the mixer 23 are respectively connected to the second output end of the first power divider 5 and the second output end of the second power divider 15, and an output end of the mixer 23 is sequentially connected to the filter 24, the intermediate frequency amplifier 25 and the oscilloscope/time analyzer 26.
The dual-resonant pll loop further comprises a first tuner 6 and a second tuner 16 for tuning the resonant cavity impedance, the first tuner 6 being located between the first output of the first power divider 5 and the first resonant cavity input 2, and the second tuner 16 being located between the first output of the second power divider 15 and the second resonant cavity input 12.
The dual resonant pll loop further comprises a first phase shifter 8 and a second phase shifter 18 for adjusting the phase, the first phase shifter 8 being located between the output of the first tuner 6 and the input 2 of the first resonant cavity, the second phase shifter 18 being located between the output of the second tuner 16 and the input 12 of the second resonant cavity.
The target pill speed measuring system based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology further comprises a first isolator 7, a second isolator 17, a third isolator 21 and a fourth isolator 22, wherein the first isolator 7 is located between the output end of the first tuner 6 and the input end of the first phase shifter 8, the second isolator 17 is located between the output end of the second tuner 16 and the input end of the second phase shifter 18, the third isolator 21 is located between the second output end of the second power divider 15 and the second input end of the mixer 23, and the fourth isolator 22 is located between the second output end of the first power divider 5 and the first input end of the mixer 23.
The first isolator 7, the second isolator 17, the third isolator 21 and the fourth isolator 22 prevent parasitic reflection and control the unidirectional transmission of microwaves.
The target pill speed measuring system based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology generates microwave signals by utilizing a feedback phase-locked loop circuit formed by a resonant cavity, a microwave amplifier and the like. The first resonant cavity 1 and the second resonant cavity 11 are resonant cavities of different sizes.
The impedance and phase are matched with the natural resonant frequency of the first resonant cavity 1 by adjusting the first tuner 6 and the first phase shifter 8, and the output natural frequency of the first resonant phase-locked loop is f1The microwave signal of (2). The first power divider 5 couples and feeds back half of the power output by the first microwave amplifier 4 to the first resonant cavity 1, and outputs the other half of the power to the mixer 23 as a local oscillator signal input. The impedance and phase are matched to the natural resonant frequency of the second resonator 11 by adjusting the second tuner 16 and the second phase shifter 18, the second resonant pll loop outputting a natural frequency f2The microwave signal of (2). Second power divider 1And 5, coupling half of the power output by the second microwave amplifier 14 back to the second resonant cavity 11, and outputting the other half of the power to the mixer 23 as a radio frequency signal input. The output signals of the first and second feedback pll loop are mixed in mixer 23 to output Δ f ═ f2-f1The intermediate frequency signal is subjected to band-pass filtering by a filter 24 with a central frequency point of delta f and a bandwidth of about 10%, is power-amplified by an intermediate frequency amplifier 25, and is output to an oscilloscope/time analyzer 26 for data acquisition and analysis.
The first cavity 1 and the second cavity 11 are cavities with different sizes, and are designed such that the inherent frequency difference between the two cavities is Δ f ═ f2-f1Within the capabilities of the detection system. The oscilloscope/time analyzer 26 is a broadband high sampling rate oscilloscope and time-of-flight integrator with spectral analysis functionality, and the rise time, bandwidth, and maximum sampling rate of the oscilloscope are selected based on the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal. For example: when the intermediate frequency signal is 1GHz, the rise time of the oscilloscope reaches 100ps, the sampling can be selected to be 20Gsa/s, and the bandwidth is 4 GHz. The oscilloscope/time analyzer 26 can directly output the frequency variation relation of the signal along with the time, and the flight time of the target pill can be distinguished through the time difference of the two intermediate frequencies.
The diameter of the target pill moving pipe 20 is much smaller than the size of the first resonant cavity 1 and the second resonant cavity 11. Opening the target pill input port 10 and the target pill output port 19, when the target pill 9 passes through the first resonant cavity 1, the output frequency of the first feedback phase-locked loop circuit is changed, the variable quantity is delta f, the frequency acquired on the oscilloscope is changed into delta f + delta f, and the corresponding time is t1(ii) a When the target pellet 9 passes through the second resonant cavity 11, the output frequency of the second feedback phase-locked loop circuit is changed to delta f ', the frequency acquired on the oscilloscope/time analyzer 26 is changed to delta f-delta f', and the corresponding time is t2。t1And t2The difference is the time of flight of the target pellet.
The target pill moving pipeline 20 has a certain length and gives consideration to flight time measurement capability, system size and installation convenience, for example, L can be about 10-50 cm, and the influence of the target pill 9 on the microwave frequency output by the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit is completely eliminated when the target pill passes through the second resonant cavity 11 on the basis of considering the response time of each device.
In the process of target pill movement, the time t of two frequency jump starts on the oscilloscope is captured1And t2The velocity V of the pellet, i.e. V ═ L'/(t), is calculated2-t1) Wherein L' is the sum of the width of the first resonant cavity 1 and the length of the target pill motion track 20.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A target pill speed measuring system based on microwave double-resonant cavity technology is characterized in that: the system comprises a double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit, a target pill moving unit and a speed detection unit, wherein the double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit comprises a first resonance phase-locked loop circuit and a second resonance phase-locked loop circuit, and the target pill moving unit, the double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit and the speed detection unit are sequentially connected.
2. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first resonant phase-locked loop comprises a first resonant cavity (1), a first microwave amplifier (4) and a first power divider (5), wherein an output end (3) of the first resonant cavity is connected with an input end of the first microwave amplifier (4), an output end of the first microwave amplifier (4) is connected with an input end of the first power divider (5), a first output end of the first power divider (5) is connected with an input end (2) of the first resonant cavity, and a second output end of the first power divider (5) is used for outputting microwaves.
3. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the second resonant phase-locked loop comprises a second resonant cavity (11), a second microwave amplifier (14) and a second power divider (15), an output end (13) of the second resonant cavity is connected with an input end of the second microwave amplifier (14), an output end of the second microwave amplifier (14) is connected with an input end of the second power divider (15), a first output end of the second power divider (15) is connected with an input end (12) of the second resonant cavity, and a second output end of the second power divider (15) is used for outputting microwaves.
4. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the target pill moving unit comprises a target pill (9), a target pill input port (10), a target pill moving pipeline (20) and a target pill output port (19), the target pill input port (10) is arranged at one end of the first resonant cavity (1), two ends of the target pill moving pipeline (20) are respectively communicated with the other end of the first resonant cavity (1) and one end of the second resonant cavity (11), and the target pill output port (19) is arranged at the other end of the second resonant cavity (11).
5. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the speed detection unit comprises a mixer (23), a filter (24), an intermediate frequency amplifier (25) and an oscilloscope/time analyzer (26), two input ends of the mixer (23) are respectively connected with a second output end of the first power divider (5) and a second output end of the second power divider (15), and an output end of the mixer (23) is sequentially connected with the filter (24), the intermediate frequency amplifier (25) and the oscilloscope/time analyzer (26).
6. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the double-resonance phase-locked loop circuit further comprises a first tuner (6) and a second tuner (16) for adjusting the impedance of the resonant cavity, wherein the first tuner (6) is located between a first output end of the first power divider (5) and an input end (2) of the first resonant cavity, and the second tuner (16) is located between a first output end of the second power divider (15) and an input end (12) of the second resonant cavity.
7. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the double-resonance phase-locked loop further comprises a first phase shifter (8) and a second phase shifter (18) which are used for adjusting the phases, wherein the first phase shifter (8) is located between the output end of the first tuner (6) and the input end (2) of the first resonant cavity, and the second phase shifter (18) is located between the output end of the second tuner (16) and the input end (12) of the second resonant cavity.
8. The microwave dual-resonant cavity technology-based target pill velocity measurement system according to any one of claim 7, wherein: the target pill speed measuring system based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology further comprises a first isolator (7), a second isolator (17), a third isolator (21) and a fourth isolator (22) which are used for preventing parasitic reflection and controlling microwave one-way transmission, wherein the first isolator (7) is located between the output end of the first tuner (6) and the input end of the first phase shifter (8), the second isolator (17) is located between the output end of the second tuner (16) and the input end of the second phase shifter (18), the third isolator (21) is located between the second output end of the second power divider (15) and the second input end of the mixer (23), and the fourth isolator (22) is located between the second output end of the first power divider (5) and the first input end of the mixer (23).
9. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the first resonant cavity (1) and the second resonant cavity (11) are resonant cavities with different sizes, and the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit output microwave signals with different frequencies.
10. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 9, wherein: microwave signals output by the first resonant phase-locked loop circuit and the second resonant phase-locked loop circuit are respectively subjected to power division through a first power divider (5) and a second power divider (15), respectively input to two input ends of the frequency mixer (23), subjected to frequency mixing, subjected to band-pass filtering through a filter (24), subjected to power amplification through an intermediate frequency amplifier (25), and finally output to an oscilloscope/time analyzer (26) for signal processing.
11. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the oscilloscope/time analyzer (26) is a broadband high sampling rate oscilloscope and time-of-flight analyzer with spectral analysis.
12. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 11, wherein: the diameter of the target pill moving pipeline (20) is far smaller than the sizes of the first resonant cavity (1) and the second resonant cavity (11).
13. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the target pill moving pipeline (20) is a pipeline with a certain length, and the influence of the target pill (9) on the microwave frequency output by the first resonant phase-locked loop is completely eliminated when the target pill passes through the second resonant cavity (11).
14. The system for measuring the speed of the target pill based on the microwave double-resonant cavity technology as claimed in claim 13, wherein: and in the process that the target pill (9) moves from the target pill input port (10) to the target pill output port (19), the movement speed of the target pill is obtained by calculating the time difference of the two frequency changes on the oscilloscope.
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| CN109856419A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-07 | 中北大学 | A kind of portable Projectile velocity measurements device |
| CN112066969A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2020-12-11 | 中北大学 | Double-light self-injection locking resonant micro-opto-electro-mechanical gyroscope based on optical phase-locked loop |
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2021
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| US5351541A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1994-10-04 | Charles Stark Draper Laboratories | Microwave resonator accelerometer |
| CN101017145A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2007-08-15 | 河北大学 | Photoelectron characteristic detecting method for thin-layer microcrystal medium material and device thereof |
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