CN113122610A - 一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术 - Google Patents

一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术 Download PDF

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CN113122610A
CN113122610A CN202110387307.1A CN202110387307A CN113122610A CN 113122610 A CN113122610 A CN 113122610A CN 202110387307 A CN202110387307 A CN 202110387307A CN 113122610 A CN113122610 A CN 113122610A
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张海军
史本宁
林绅辉
焦学尧
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CCCC TDC Southern Communications Construction Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,包括以下步骤:S01采集沉积物样品,分析本底;S02构建微观模拟装置;S03设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔;S04绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果;S05同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。本发明可高效筛选多种目标有机污染物的降解菌群。

Description

一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术
技术领域
本发明涉及生态环境保护技术领域,具体涉及一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术。
背景技术
多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)是一类广泛存在于环境中的典型持久性有机物(POPs),具有极强的“三致”效应,且结构稳定,生物难降解,通过食物链的传递会对生态环境和人体健康造成极大危害。我国沿海地区沉积物中普遍存在PAHs污染,有一定的生态风险。土壤中PAHs的去除有物理、化学和生物等方法,其中生物修复的方法有着成本低、效果好的优点。微生物作为降解土壤、沉积物中有机污染物的主体,是生物修复过程中的重点研究对象。由于微生物群落是一个非常复杂的体系,如果盲目的对其进行人工调控,结果往往事倍功半。因此,精确、快速的考察有机污染物降解过程中微生物群落的变化,高效筛选出降解菌群,才能做到有针对性的对生物修复进行强化,进而开发出更佳的修复技术。
发明内容
为达上述目的,本发明揭示一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,包括:采集沉积物样品,分析本底;构建微观模拟装置;设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔;绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果;同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。具体的:
S01:采集沉积物样品,分析本底。采集沉积物样品,分析基本理化性质和目标污染物本底。其中,基本理化指标包括总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3)和氨态氮(NH3)。
S02:构建微观模拟装置。本发明所用微观模拟试验装置的详述如下:在相同规格的血清瓶中加入等量沉积物、无机盐培养液、目标有机污染物,并用棉花塞住瓶口,放入恒温恒湿的摇床中培养。设置多组相互独立的微观模拟试验装置,可同步开展多种有机污染物的降解菌群筛选。
S03:设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。基于前期文献调研或实验研究基础,设置适用于不同有机污染物和不同污染程度的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。
S04:绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果。定期选取若干装置进行目标有机污染物残留量的检测,动态监测整个降解过程,绘制降解曲线。重点识别降解效率最高的时间节点和趋近稳定的时间节点。
S05:同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。定期同步分析有机污染物降解菌的富集情况及其群落结构动态;对比研究不同筛选条件下目标有机污染物降解过程中微生物群落变化的异同,识别富集的有机污染物降解菌群。
本发明依据前期调研与实验研究结果,针对沉积物有机污染问题,实现高效的降解菌群筛选技术,有望推进沉积物有机污染的微生物修复。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程图;
图2是本发明实施例中沉积物低挥发多环芳烃菲的降解曲线图;
图3是本发明实施例中沉积物低挥发多环芳烃菲降解过程中微生物群落组成变化图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明流程图如图1所示。
S01:采集沉积物样品,分析本底。采集沉积物样品,分析基本理化性质和目标污染物本底。其中,主要理化指标包括TOC、TN、NO3和NH3等。
S02:构建微观模拟装置。本发明所用微观模拟试验装置的详述如下:在相同规格的血清瓶中加入等量沉积物、无机盐培养液、目标有机污染物,并用棉花塞住瓶口,放入恒温恒湿的摇床中培养。传统的研究方法必须从降解体系中取样监测,这常常会干扰后续的降解过程,特别是样品较少,初始体系无法构建的很大时,这种干扰尤为严重。而在本发明中,由于各微观模拟试验装置是相互独立的,所以能在不干扰降解进程的情况下,监测整个降解过程,这也是本方案的优点之一。由于大部分有机污染物的挥发性并不十分强烈,所以本试验可采用棉塞封口以保证氧气的供给,而无需加盖封口以防止有机污染物的挥发。
S03:设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。基于前期文献调研或实验研究基础,设置适用于不同有机污染物和不同污染程度的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。
S04:绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果。定期选取若干装置进行目标有机污染物残留量的检测,动态监测整个降解过程,绘制降解曲线。重点识别降解效率最高的时间节点和趋近稳定的时间节点。
S05:同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。定期同步分析有机污染物降解菌的富集情况及其群落结构动态;对比研究不同筛选条件下目标有机污染物降解过程中微生物群落变化的异同,识别富集的有机污染物降解菌群。
实施例:
下面结合一个沉积物菲污染物降解菌群筛选的模拟实验为实施例详细说明本发明。包括如下步骤:
S01:采集沉积物样品,分析本底。采集沉积物样品,分析基本理化性质和目标污染物本底。本实施例研究的滨海红树林沉积物基本理化性质:TOC为11.91%±0.35%,TN为0.23%±0.01%,NO3为11.91±0.35mg·kg-1,NH3为224.47±21.83mg·kg-1。目标有机污染物菲在沉积物中的本底浓度为416.00±82.76μg·kg-1
S02:构建微观模拟装置。本发明所用微观模拟试验装置的详述如下:在相同规格的血清瓶中加入等量沉积物、无机盐培养液、多环芳烃菲,并用棉花塞住瓶口,放入温度恒为28℃,湿度恒为80%的摇床中培养。
S03:设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。本发明实施例设置本底组和污染组对比分析的筛选条件。实施例沉积物中多环芳烃类的菲的本底值已知;污染组加入的Phe为1500ng/g,低浓度实验组沉积物中Phe的背景值为1868.45±244.95ng/g。依据前期研究基础,设定时间间隔为14天。
S04:绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果。本发明实施例中,以14天为间隔,每批次选择3个装置进行菲残留量检测,形成菲的降解曲线图(如图2所示)。前28天的降解效率最高,尤其是污染组;28~42天时,降解不明显;42~56天时,降解率略有增加;说明前28天是多环芳烃菲高效降解的重要时间节点,完成60%以上的降解。
S05:同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。本发明实施例中,基于高通量测序结果的分析发现,随降解时间增加,微生物群落组成也在不断变化(如图3所示);尤其是在前28天,沉积物中Haloplasma属、Bacillus属、Pseudomonas属、Lutispora属、Acinetobacter属等菌群表现突出。相比于本底组,污染组Sulfuricurvum属在后期存在明显富集;同时,Haloplasma属菌群富集更明显,说明在菲的降解过程中该菌属的快速增加起重要作用。

Claims (6)

1.一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:包括采集沉积物样品,分析本底;构建微观模拟装置;设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔;绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果;同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:所述采集沉积物样品,分析本底,包括:分析沉积物基本理化性质和目标污染物本底。其中,基本理化指标包括总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3)和氨态氮(NH3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:所述构建微观模拟装置是指:在相同规格的血清瓶中加入等量沉积物、无机盐培养液、目标有机污染物,并用棉花塞住瓶口,放入恒温恒湿的摇床中培养。设置多组相互独立的微观模拟试验装置,可同步开展多种有机污染物的降解菌群筛选。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:所述设置降解菌群的筛选条件和监测时间间隔包括:基于前期文献调研或实验研究基础,设置适用于不同有机污染物和不同污染程度的筛选条件和监测时间间隔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:所述绘制降解曲线,评价降解效果,主要包括:定期选取若干装置进行目标有机污染物残留量的检测,动态监测整个降解过程,绘制降解曲线。重点识别降解效率最高的时间节点和趋近稳定的时间节点。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种沉积物有机污染物降解菌群的高效筛选技术,其特征在于:所述同步分析微生物群落动态,识别富集的降解菌群,主要包括:定期同步分析有机污染物降解菌的富集情况及其群落结构动态;对比研究不同筛选条件下目标有机污染物降解过程中微生物群落变化的异同,识别富集的有机污染物降解菌群。
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