CN113109250A - On-line testing device and method for tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation - Google Patents
On-line testing device and method for tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tread rubber material friction coefficient on-line testing device and method based on global deformation, which consists of a supporting platform, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, a rubber clamping assembly, a visual detection system, a glass plate assembly, a temperature control unit, a linear displacement sensor and a computer, wherein the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, the rubber clamping assembly and the visual detection system are fixedly connected to the supporting platform according to a certain position relation; the device comprises a linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, a glass plate assembly, a temperature control unit and the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, wherein the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 is fixedly connected with a linear displacement sensor, the device can completely simulate the influences of the global deformation and the temperature of the friction of the tire static tread rubber material, the sliding speed and the pressure on the global of the tire tread material and the whole process, and through a non-contact vision measuring method, the problems of single friction testing mode, limited measuring data and large error of the existing tire tread rubber material are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of testing of mechanical properties of tire tread rubber materials, and particularly relates to an online testing device for global friction deformation and friction coefficient of a tire tread rubber material under actual operation conditions and a visual global deformation testing method based on the online testing device.
Background
The tire is one of important parts of an automobile, is the only part of the automobile contacting with the ground, and the quality of the performance of the tire directly influences the stability, comfort, safety and the like of the automobile. In tire applications, tread friction is an important indicator of tire design, and since tread rubber has a very low modulus of elasticity and a very high internal friction, the friction characteristics of tread rubber are very different from those of most other solid materials, and therefore, the friction behavior of tires is very important for the safety and control of vehicles.
At present, the friction testing device for the tire tread rubber material is mainly divided into the following devices: firstly, a vertical loading load and a horizontal load are measured by a mechanical sensor, a friction coefficient is calculated by using a coulomb friction law, and the influences of changing the vertical load, the sliding speed, the temperature and the like are mainly considered. The friction coefficient measurement by adopting the contact measurement method is limited by a plurality of factors and can generate large measurement errors; the friction coefficient measuring method is convenient and simple to measure, but is limited by the measuring range of the measuring instrument and other influence conditions, so that the friction state of the tire tread contact under the actual operation condition cannot be simulated.
Therefore, a non-contact type tread rubber friction coefficient online testing device based on global deformation is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a global image on-line testing device for the friction coefficient of a tire tread rubber material under the composite working condition of considering temperature and sliding speed, which completely simulates the global deformation of the contact area of the tire tread rubber material under the actual use working condition of a tire and the global deformation image formed by friction in the contact process, realizes the global deformation non-contact detection in the friction contact area of the tire by a visual detection method, comprehensively analyzes the obtained global deformation data of the tire tread rubber and the displacement and temperature data obtained by various sensors, obtains the distribution of the lateral mechanical characteristics of the tread rubber friction in the contact area and the contact area under the actual operation working condition of the tire, and calculates the influence of the temperature and the sliding speed on the global deformation of the friction coefficient and the friction contact area of the tire tread, and has the characteristics of strong stability, simple and convenient testing method, and the global image on-line detection of the global deformation and the friction formation in the tread rubber contact area, the blank of the conventional online testing device for the friction coefficient of the tire tread rubber material is filled.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
based on global deformation tread rubber friction coefficient on-line testing device, comprising a supporting platform 1, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, a rubber clamping assembly 4, a vision detecting system 5, a glass plate assembly 6, a temperature control unit 7, a linear displacement sensor 9 and a computer, wherein the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through a screw 10, the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3 is fixed on a slide block 25 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 through a screw 11, the rubber clamping assembly 4 is fixedly connected with the supporting platform 1 through a supporting shaft 46, the vision detecting system 5 is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through an adjustable camera bracket 55, a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor is fixed on a connecting plate 32 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, and a fixed end of the moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through a bracket 12, the optical axis of the camera 51 and the light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the central line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 are the same straight line, the camera 52 and the light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 are right above the rubber sample 45, the optical axis is in the center of the rubber sample, the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 are respectively in communication connection with a computer through a data acquisition card, the motor 21 and the motor 31 are respectively in control connection with the computer through a controller, and the camera 51, the camera 52, the light source 53 and the light source 54 are in control connection with the computer.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 includes a motor 21, a connecting plate 22, a coupling 23, a screw bearing seat 24, a screw 25, a slider 26, a supporting plate 27, and a rectangular guide rail 28; the motor 21 and the connecting plate 22 are fixedly connected, the lead screw 25 is connected with the motor 21 through a coupler, a rotary pair is formed by the left lead screw bearing seat 24 and the right lead screw bearing seat 24, the left lead screw bearing seat 24 and the right lead screw bearing seat 27 are fixedly connected, the left connecting plate 22 and the right connecting plate 27 are fixedly connected, the sliding block 26 and the lead screw 25 form a spiral pair, the rectangular guide rail 28 and the supporting plate 27 are fixedly connected, and the sliding block 25 and the rectangular guide rail 28 form a moving pair.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3 includes a motor 31, a connecting plate 32, a coupling 33, a screw bearing seat 34, a screw 35, a slider 36, a supporting plate 37, a rectangular connecting plate 38, and a rectangular guide rail 39; the motor 31 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 32, the lead screw 35 is connected with the motor 31 through a coupler, the left lead screw bearing seat 34, the right lead screw bearing seat 34 and the lead screw 35 form a rotating pair, the left lead screw bearing seat 34, the right lead screw bearing seat 34, the left connecting plate 32, the right connecting plate 32, the left supporting plate 37, the slider 36 and the lead screw 35 form a screw pair, the rectangular guide rail 39 is fixedly connected with the supporting plate 37, the rectangular connecting plate 38 is fixedly connected with the slider 36, and the slider 35 and the rectangular guide rail 39 form a moving pair.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the rubber clamping assembly 4 consists of a fixed bracket 41, a rubber clamping disc 42, a rubber fixed cylindrical barrel 43, a pressure support plate 44, a rubber sample 45 and a support shaft 46 which are fixedly connected on the support platform 1; fixed bolster 41 and supporting platform 1 fixed connection, support shaft 46 and fixed bolster 41 fixed connection, rubber clamping disk 42 and support shaft 46 fixed connection, the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo 43 of rubber and rubber clamping disk 42 fixed connection, rubber sample (45) are through pressure backup pad (44) and the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo (43) fixed connection of rubber.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, the vision inspection system 5 is composed of a camera 51, a camera 52, a light source 53, a light source 54, a camera support plate 55, a camera support plate 56, an adjustable camera support 57, a camera support 58, a light source support 59, a light source support 510, a lens 511, and a lens 512; the camera 51 is fixedly connected with a lens 511, the camera 51 is fixedly connected with a camera supporting plate 55, the camera supporting plate 55 is fixedly connected with an adjustable camera support 57, a light source support 59 and the camera supporting plate 55 form a moving pair, the light source support 59 is fixedly connected with a light source 53, the camera 52 is fixedly connected with a lens 512, the camera 52 is fixedly connected with a camera support frame 56, the camera support frame 56 is fixedly connected with a camera support 58, the camera support frame 58 is fixedly connected on the supporting platform 1, the light source support frame 510 is fixedly connected with the camera support frame 56, and the light source support frame 510 is fixedly connected with a light source 54.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the glass plate assembly 6 consists of a groove-shaped clamping body 61, a high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 and a clamping screw 63, and three sides of the high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 are fixedly connected by the three groove-shaped clamping bodies 61 through the clamping screw 63.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the temperature control unit 7 is composed of a cubic heat preservation shell 71, a temperature sensor 72, a heating unit 73, a PID constant temperature controller 74 and a low-voltage direct-current power supply 75, the cubic heat preservation shell 71 is fixedly connected with the rectangular linear slide rail 38, the temperature sensor 72, the heating unit 73 and the PID constant temperature controller 74 are fixedly connected with one side surface of the cubic heat preservation shell 71, and the heating unit 73 and the PID constant temperature controller 74 are connected with the low-voltage direct-current power supply 75.
The invention also aims to provide an on-line testing method for the tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation, which comprises the following steps:
1. carrying out a uniaxial tension experiment on the tire tread rubber material to obtain a change relation curve of stress strain, spraying paint speckle textures on the contact surface according to the shape of the tire tread rubber sample 45, and naturally drying;
2. placing the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics into a rubber fixing cylinder 43 for positioning and clamping;
3. adjusting the optical axes of a camera 51 and a light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the geometric center line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, adjusting the optical axes of a camera 52 and a light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 to be at the geometric center line right above the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, and fixing a support plate 27 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, an adjustable camera support 57 of the visual detection system 5, a camera support 58, a fixed support 41 of the rubber clamping assembly 4 and a fixed support 12 of a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor on the support platform 1 to be respectively and fixedly connected with the support platform 1;
4. sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between an adjustable camera support 57 and a light source support 59 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of an entire lens 511 and the light intensity of a light source 52, acquiring a contact surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on a computer screen through a high-intensity pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 under the action of the camera 51 and the light source 52, sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between a light source support 510 and a lens 512 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of the entire lens 512 and the light intensity of the light source 53, and acquiring a side surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on the computer screen under the action of the camera 52 and the light source 54;
5. acquiring speckle images of the tire tread rubber sample 45 on a computer through a camera 51 and a camera 52, and then calibrating the images;
6. the loading compression of the tire is realized by controlling the motor 31 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, the shearing deformation of the tread rubber sample 45 is realized by controlling the motor 21 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, and the different temperature control of the tread rubber sample 45 is realized by adjusting the preset temperature through the heating unit 73 in the temperature control unit 7.
7. And adjusting the resolution and frame rate of the cameras 51 and 52 according to the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber sample 45 under the working condition of the tested tire. In the working condition realization process of the step 6, synchronously finishing the acquisition of the global deformation digital image of the tire tread rubber 45 according to the time sequence by the camera 51, the camera 52 and the computer at a preset time interval; meanwhile, the linear displacement and temperature data are obtained by the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 in the deformation process of the tire tread sample 45;
8. comparing, comparing and analyzing the global and overall process deformation digital images of the tire tread rubber 45 at the current moment and the global deformation image of the tire tread rubber 45 at the previous moment by a digital image template matching technology to obtain global strain information of the tire tread rubber 45 at the adjacent moment, and obtaining global and overall process deformation of the tire tread rubber 45 by combining the previous calibration image;
9. and comprehensively analyzing the obtained linear displacement and temperature data, the contact area deformation data of the tire tread rubber 45 and the contact area deformation image in the whole friction process, and obtaining the distribution of the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber in the whole static friction process under the actual operation condition of the tire and the calculation of the contact static friction coefficient.
10. The friction coefficient calculation process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly obtaining a tire tread area shear stress and main strain time-varying curve according to the global image processing of a rubber tire tread block, secondly obtaining the tire tread shear stress and time-varying curve according to the stress-strain relation obtained by a uniaxial tension experiment of a rubber material, thirdly drawing the shear stress and main strain varying curve, and fourthly mainly realizing the dominant action of adhesive friction according to the contact between the rubber material and a glass plate according to a formula:
where τ denotes the mean shear stress, σ0Denotes the nominal contact stress, A0Is the nominal contact area, AcFor the actual contact area, the contact is complete, i.e. complete, because the experiment is carried out with a rubber tread block
Therefore, according to the slope values of all points of the drawn curve of the shear stress and the strain, namely the adhesive friction coefficient, the numerical values of the displacement and temperature sensors are changed, or the change rule of the vertical load along with the time can be obtained by dividing the obtained curve of the change of the strain along with the time by the contact area, namely the adhesive friction coefficients under different sliding speeds, temperatures and vertical loads can be obtained through different loads.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can obtain the deformation characteristic distribution of the tread rubber friction in the contact area and the whole process of the contact area under the actual operation condition of the tire and the calculation of the friction coefficient, solves the error of contact measurement, more intuitively observes the deformation distribution in the contact area at each moment in the friction contact process, has the advantages of difficult external interference on test data, simple post data processing, and obtains the influence of the temperature and load composite working condition on the tread, thereby realizing the online detection of the global deformation characteristic of the closed area in the tread rubber contact area of the tire. The device has the advantages of simple control, easy structure realization and simple and convenient mechanism adjustment, and completely simulates the non-contact detection of the distribution of the tire tread rubber friction deformation characteristic and the global deformation characteristic under the actual use working condition of the tire.
The testing device provided by the invention can be suitable for various tire tread rubber materials, including vehicle tires such as passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, engineering vehicles and motorcycle tires and aircraft tires, and the testing device is adjusted only according to the actual use condition of the tire tread rubber of the tested tire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an abstract attached drawing of an on-line testing device for the tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the structural front view of the on-line testing device for the tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural plan view of the device for testing the friction coefficient of tread rubber on line based on global deformation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the linear load adjusting mechanism 2 and the linear load adjusting mechanism 3 of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the linear load adjustment mechanism 2 and the linear load adjustment mechanism 3 of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a rubber clamping assembly of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view A-A of a front view of a rubber clamping assembly of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the visual inspection system of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a B-B cross-sectional view of a front view of the visual inspection system of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a glass sheet assembly of the testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a C-C cross-sectional view of a front view of a temperature control unit of the testing device of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a front view of a temperature control unit of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a loading deformation test structure of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a friction shear deformation test configuration of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a loading, shearing and temperature coupled deformation test of the test device of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the invention provides an on-line testing device for tread rubber friction coefficient based on global deformation, which comprises a supporting platform 1, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, a linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, a rubber clamping assembly 4, a visual detection system 5, a glass plate assembly 6, a temperature control unit 7, a linear displacement sensor 9 and a computer, wherein the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through a screw 10, the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3 is fixed on a slide block 25 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 through a screw 11, the rubber clamping assembly 4 is fixedly connected with the supporting platform 1 through a supporting shaft 46, the visual detection system 5 is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through an adjustable camera bracket 55, a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor is fixed on a connecting plate 32 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, the fixed end of the movable end 9 of the linear displacement sensor is fixed on the supporting platform 1 through the bracket 12, the optical axis of the camera 51 and the light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the central line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 are the same straight line, the camera 52 and the light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 are right above the rubber sample 45, the optical axis is in the center of the rubber sample, the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 are respectively connected with the computer through a data acquisition card, the motor 21 and the motor 31 are respectively connected with the computer through the controller, and the camera 51, the camera 52, the light source 53 and the light source 54 are connected with the computer.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 includes a motor 21, a connecting plate 22, a coupling 23, a lead screw bearing seat 24, a lead screw 25, a slider 26, a supporting plate 27, and a rectangular guide rail 28; the motor 21 and the connecting plate 22 are fixedly connected, the lead screw 25 is connected with the motor 21 through a coupler, a rotary pair is formed by the left lead screw bearing seat 24 and the right lead screw bearing seat 24, the left lead screw bearing seat 24 and the right lead screw bearing seat 27 are fixedly connected, the left connecting plate 22 and the right connecting plate 27 are fixedly connected, the sliding block 26 and the lead screw 25 form a spiral pair, the rectangular guide rail 28 and the supporting plate 27 are fixedly connected, and the sliding block 25 and the rectangular guide rail 28 form a moving pair. The trapezoidal linear slide rail 212 and the slide block 29 form a moving pair, and the trapezoidal linear slide rail 212 is fixedly connected with the supporting plate 213.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the rubber clamping assembly 4 is composed of a fixing bracket 41 fixedly connected to the supporting platform 1, a rubber clamping disc 42, a rubber fixing cylinder 43, a pressure supporting plate 44, a rubber sample 45 and a supporting shaft 46; fixed bolster 41 and supporting platform 1 fixed connection, support shaft 46 and fixed bolster 41 fixed connection, rubber clamping disk 42 and support shaft 46 fixed connection, the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo 43 of rubber and rubber clamping disk 42 fixed connection, rubber sample (45) are through pressure backup pad (44) and the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo (43) fixed connection of rubber.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the vision inspection system 5 is composed of a camera 51, a camera 52, a light source 53, a light source 54, a camera support plate 55, a camera support plate 56, an adjustable camera support 57, a camera support 58, a light source support 59, a light source support 510, a lens 511 and a lens 512; the camera 51 is fixedly connected with a lens 511, the camera 51 is fixedly connected with a camera supporting plate 55, the camera supporting plate 55 is fixedly connected with an adjustable camera support 57, a light source support 59 and the camera supporting plate 55 form a moving pair, the light source support 59 is fixedly connected with a light source 53, the camera 52 is fixedly connected with a lens 512, the camera 52 is fixedly connected with a camera support frame 56, the camera support frame 56 is fixedly connected with a camera support 58, the camera support frame 58 is fixedly connected with a supporting platform 1, the light source support frame 510 is fixedly connected with the camera support frame 56, and the light source support frame 510 is fixedly connected with a light source 54.
As shown in FIG. 10, as a further technical solution of the present invention, the glass plate assembly 6 comprises a groove-shaped clamping body 61, a high strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 and a clamping screw 63, wherein three sides of the glass plate 62 are fixedly connected by the three groove-shaped clamping bodies 61 through the clamping screw 63.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the temperature control unit 7 is composed of a cubic heat preservation shell 71, a temperature sensor 72, a heating unit 73, a PID constant temperature controller 74, and a low voltage dc power supply 75, the cubic heat preservation shell 71 is fixedly connected to the rectangular linear slide rail 38, the temperature sensor 72, the heating unit 73, and the PID constant temperature controller 74 are fixedly connected to one side surface of the cubic heat preservation shell 71, and the heating unit 73 and the PID constant temperature controller 74 are connected to the low voltage dc power supply 75.
The device for obtaining the friction coefficient of the tire tread rubber material on the basis of the global deformation can realize the global deformation of the tire tread rubber material in a friction area and the global deformation image of the whole friction forming process, and can obtain the influence on the friction image and the friction coefficient under the conditions of temperature, sliding speed, vertical load and compound working condition and the change relation between the friction coefficient and the deformation image of the contact area.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the method for on-line testing based on the global deformation tread rubber vertical loading and shear deformation comprises the following steps:
1. carrying out a uniaxial tension experiment on the tire tread rubber material to obtain a change relation curve of stress strain, spraying paint speckle textures on the contact surface according to the shape of the tire tread rubber sample 45, and naturally drying;
2. placing the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics into a rubber fixing cylinder 43 for positioning and clamping;
3. adjusting the optical axes of a camera 51 and a light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the geometric center line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, adjusting the optical axes of a camera 52 and a light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 to be at the geometric center line right above the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, and fixing a support plate 27 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, an adjustable camera support 57 of the visual detection system 5, a camera support 58, a fixed support 41 of the rubber clamping assembly 4 and a fixed support 12 of a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor on the support platform 1 to be respectively and fixedly connected with the support platform 1;
4. sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between an adjustable camera support 57 and a light source support 59 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of an entire lens 511 and the light intensity of a light source 52, acquiring a contact surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on a computer screen through a high-intensity pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 under the action of the camera 51 and the light source 52, sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between a light source support 510 and a lens 512 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of the entire lens 512 and the light intensity of the light source 53, and acquiring a side surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on the computer screen under the action of the camera 52 and the light source 54;
5. acquiring speckle images of the tire tread rubber sample 45 on a computer through a camera 51 and a camera 52, and then calibrating the images;
6. the lower surface of the high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 and the surface of the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics are loaded and compressed by controlling the motor 31 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, and the high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 is contacted with the tire tread rubber 45 under certain compression load by the motor 21 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 to realize transverse displacement motion, so that the shearing deformation of the tire tread rubber material with the same actual use working condition of the tire is simulated;
7. and adjusting the resolution and frame rate of the cameras 51 and 52 according to the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber sample 45 under the working condition of the tested tire. In the working condition realization process of the step 6, synchronously finishing the acquisition of the global deformation digital image of the tire tread rubber 45 according to the time sequence by the camera 51, the camera 52 and the computer at a preset time interval; meanwhile, the linear displacement and temperature data are obtained by the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 in the deformation process of the tire tread sample 45;
8. comparing, comparing and analyzing the global and overall process deformation digital images of the tire tread rubber 45 at the current moment and the global deformation image of the tire tread rubber 45 at the previous moment by a digital image template matching technology to obtain global strain information of the tire tread rubber 45 at the adjacent moment, and obtaining global and overall process deformation of the tire tread rubber 45 by combining the previous calibration image;
9. and comprehensively analyzing the obtained linear displacement and temperature data, the contact area deformation data of the tire tread rubber 45 and the contact area deformation image in the whole friction process to obtain the deformation characteristics of the tread rubber in the whole friction process under the actual operation condition of the tire.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, the method for testing the global friction coefficient in the contact footprint of the rubber material of the tire tread comprises the following steps:
1. carrying out a uniaxial tension experiment on the tire tread rubber material to obtain a change relation curve of stress strain, spraying paint speckle textures on the contact surface according to the shape of the tire tread rubber sample 45, and naturally drying;
2. placing the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics into a rubber fixing cylinder 43 for positioning and clamping;
3. adjusting the optical axes of a camera 51 and a light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the geometric center line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, adjusting the optical axes of a camera 52 and a light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 to be at the geometric center line right above the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, and fixing a support plate 27 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, an adjustable camera support 57 of the visual detection system 5, a camera support 58, a fixed support 41 of the rubber clamping assembly 4 and a fixed support 12 of a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor on the support platform 1 to be respectively and fixedly connected with the support platform 1;
4. sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between an adjustable camera support 57 and a light source support 59 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of an entire lens 511 and the light intensity of a light source 52, acquiring a contact surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on a computer screen through a high-intensity pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 under the action of the camera 51 and the light source 52, sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between a light source support 510 and a lens 512 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of the entire lens 512 and the light intensity of the light source 53, and acquiring a side surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on the computer screen under the action of the camera 52 and the light source 54;
5. acquiring speckle images of the tire tread rubber sample 45 on a computer through a camera 51 and a camera 52, and then calibrating the images;
6. after the lower surface of the high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 is contacted with the surface of the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics by controlling the motor 31 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, the high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 is transversely moved under a certain compression load by controlling the motor 21 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2 to be contacted with the tire tread rubber 45, so that the shearing deformation of the tire tread rubber material equivalent to the actual use working condition of the tire is simulated, the preset temperature is adjusted by the heating unit 73 in the temperature control unit 7, and different temperature control of the tire tread rubber sample 45 is realized.
7. And adjusting the resolution and frame rate of the cameras 51 and 52 according to the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber sample 45 under the working condition of the tested tire. In the working condition realization process of the step 6, synchronously finishing the acquisition of the global deformation digital image of the tire tread rubber 45 according to the time sequence by the camera 51, the camera 52 and the computer at a preset time interval; meanwhile, the linear displacement and temperature data are obtained by the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 in the deformation process of the tire tread sample 45;
8. comparing, comparing and analyzing the global and overall process deformation digital images of the tire tread rubber 45 at the current moment and the global deformation image of the tire tread rubber 45 at the previous moment by a digital image template matching technology to obtain global strain information of the tire tread rubber 45 at the adjacent moment, and obtaining global and overall process deformation of the tire tread rubber 45 by combining the previous calibration image;
9. and comprehensively analyzing the obtained linear displacement and temperature data, the contact area deformation data of the tire tread rubber 45 and the contact area deformation image in the whole friction process, and obtaining the distribution of the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber in the whole static friction process under the actual operation condition of the tire and the calculation of the contact static friction coefficient.
10. The friction coefficient calculation process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly obtaining a tire tread area shear stress and main strain time-varying curve according to the global image processing of a rubber tire tread block, secondly obtaining the tire tread shear stress and time-varying curve according to the stress-strain relation obtained by a uniaxial tension experiment of a rubber material, thirdly drawing the shear stress and main strain varying curve, and fourthly mainly realizing the dominant action of adhesive friction according to the contact between the rubber material and a glass plate according to a formula:
where τ denotes the mean shear stress, σ0Denotes the nominal contact stress, A0Is the nominal contact area, AcFor the actual contact area, the contact is complete, i.e. complete, because the experiment is carried out with a rubber tread block
Therefore, according to the slope values of all points of the drawn curve of the shear stress and the strain, namely the adhesive friction coefficient, the numerical values of the displacement and temperature sensors are changed, or the change rule of the vertical load along with the time can be obtained by dividing the obtained curve of the change of the strain along with the time by the contact area, namely the adhesive friction coefficients under different sliding speeds, temperatures and vertical loads can be obtained through different loads.
Claims (8)
1. Based on universe deformation tread rubber coefficient of friction on-line measuring device, its characterized in that: comprises a supporting platform (1), a linear loading adjusting mechanism (2), a linear loading adjusting mechanism (3), a rubber clamping assembly (4), a visual detection system (5), a glass plate assembly (6), a temperature control unit (7), a linear displacement sensor (9) and a computer, wherein the linear loading adjusting mechanism (2) is fixed on the supporting platform (1) through a screw (10), the linear loading adjusting mechanism (3) is fixed on a slide block (25) of the linear loading adjusting mechanism (2) through a screw (11), the rubber clamping assembly (4) is fixedly connected with the supporting platform (1) through a supporting shaft (46), the visual detection system (5) is respectively fixed on the supporting platform (1) through an adjustable camera bracket (55) and a camera bracket (58), and the glass plate assembly (6) is fixedly connected on the temperature control unit (7), temperature control unit (7) fixed connection on slider (36) of sharp loading adjustment mechanism (3), sharp displacement sensor remove end (9) and fix on connecting plate (32) of sharp loading adjustment mechanism (3), sharp displacement sensor remove the stiff end of end (9) and pass through support (12) and fix on supporting platform (1), the optical axis of camera (51) and light source (53) of visual detection system (5) and the central line of tire tread rubber sample (45) be same straight line, camera (52) and light source (54) of visual detection system (5) just above rubber sample (45) and the optical axis is at the center of rubber sample, triaxial pressure sensor (8), sharp displacement sensor (9), temperature sensor (72) be connected with the computer communication through data acquisition card respectively, the motor (21) and the motor (31) are respectively connected with a computer through a controller, and the camera (51), the camera (52), the light source (53) and the light source (54) are connected with the computer.
2. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the linear loading adjusting mechanism (2) comprises a motor (21), a connecting plate (22), a coupler (23), a screw bearing seat (24), a screw rod (25), a sliding block (26), a supporting plate (27) and a rectangular guide rail (28); motor (21) and connecting plate (22) fixed connection, lead screw (25) are connected with motor (21) through the shaft coupling, about two lead screw bearing blocks (24) and lead screw (25) constitute revolute pair, about two lead screw bearing blocks (24) and backup pad (27) fixed connection about two connecting plate (22) and backup pad (27) fixed connection, slider (26) and lead screw (25) constitute the screw pair, rectangle guide rail (28) and backup pad (27) fixed connection, slider (25) and rectangle guide rail (28) constitute the sliding pair.
3. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the linear loading adjusting mechanism (3) comprises a motor (31), a connecting plate (32), a coupler (33), a screw bearing seat (34), a screw rod (35), a sliding block (36), a supporting plate (37), a rectangular connecting plate (38) and a rectangular guide rail (39); motor (31) and connecting plate (32) fixed connection, lead screw (35) pass through the shaft coupling and are connected with motor (31), about two lead screw bearing blocks (34) constitute the revolute pair with lead screw (35), about two lead screw bearing blocks (34) and backup pad (37) fixed connection, about two connecting plate (32) and backup pad (37) fixed connection, slider (36) and lead screw (35) constitute the screw pair, rectangle guide rail 39 and backup pad (37) fixed connection, rectangle connecting plate (38) and slider (36) fixed connection, slider (35) and rectangle guide rail (39) constitute the sliding pair.
4. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the rubber clamping assembly (4) consists of a fixed support (41) fixedly connected to the supporting platform (1), a rubber clamping disc (42), a rubber fixing cylindrical barrel (43), a pressure supporting plate (44), a rubber sample (45) and a supporting shaft (46); fixed bolster (41) and supporting platform (1) fixed connection, back shaft (46) and fixed bolster (41) fixed connection, rubber grip disc (42) and back shaft (46) fixed connection, the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo of rubber (43) and rubber grip disc (42) fixed connection, rubber sample (45) pass through pressure backup pad (44) and the fixed cylinder section of thick bamboo of rubber (43) fixed connection.
5. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the visual detection system (5) consists of a camera (51), a camera (52), a light source (53), a light source (54), a camera supporting plate (55), a camera supporting plate (56), an adjustable camera bracket (57), a camera bracket (58), a light source bracket (59), a light source bracket (510), a lens (511) and a lens (512); camera (51) on fixedly connected with camera lens (511), camera (51) and camera backup pad (55) fixed connection, camera backup pad (55) and adjustable camera support (57) fixed connection, light source support (59) constitute the sliding pair with camera backup pad (55), light source support (59) and light source (53) fixed connection, camera (52) on fixedly connected with camera lens (512), camera (52) and camera support frame (56) fixed connection, camera support frame (56) and camera support frame (58) fixed connection, camera support frame (58) fixed connection is on supporting platform (1), light source support (510) and camera support frame (56) fixed connection, light source support (510) and light source (54) fixed connection.
6. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the glass plate assembly (6) is composed of groove-shaped clamping bodies (61), a high-strength pressure-resistant transparent glass plate (62) and clamping screws (63), and three edges of the glass plate (62) are fixedly connected by the three groove-shaped clamping bodies (61) through the clamping screws (63).
7. The on-line testing device for the global deformation based tread rubber friction coefficient according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature control unit (7) comprises a cube heat preservation shell (71), a temperature sensor (72), a heating unit (73), a PID constant temperature controller (74) and a low-voltage direct-current power supply (75), wherein the cube heat preservation shell (71) is fixedly connected with a rectangular linear sliding rail (38), the temperature sensor (72), the heating unit (73) and the PID constant temperature controller (74) are fixedly connected to one side surface of the cube heat preservation shell (71), and the heating unit (73) and the PID constant temperature controller (74) are connected with the low-voltage direct-current power supply (75).
8. The method based on the device for the on-line test of the tread rubber friction coefficient based on the global deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out a uniaxial tension experiment on a tire tread rubber material to obtain a change relation curve of stress strain, spraying paint speckle textures on the contact surface according to the shape of a tire tread rubber sample 45, and naturally drying;
secondly, placing the tire tread rubber sample 45 with speckle texture characteristics into a rubber fixing cylinder 43 for positioning and clamping;
thirdly, adjusting the optical axes of a camera 51 and a light source 53 of the visual detection system 5 and the geometric center line of the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, adjusting the optical axes of a camera 52 and a light source 54 of the visual detection system 5 to be the geometric center line right above the tire tread rubber sample 45 to make the three axes collinear, and fixing a support plate 27 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, an adjustable camera support 57 of the visual detection system 5, a camera support 58, a fixed support 41 of the rubber clamping assembly 4 and a fixed support 12 of a moving end 9 of the linear displacement sensor on the support platform 1 to be respectively fixedly connected with the support platform 1;
fourthly, sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between an adjustable camera support 57 and a light source support 59 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of an entire lens 511 and the light intensity of a light source 52, acquiring a contact surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on a computer screen through a high-intensity pressure-resistant transparent glass plate 62 under the action of the camera 51 and the light source 52, sequentially adjusting the imaging distance between a light source support 510 and a lens 512 of the visual detection system 5, the imaging focal length of an entire lens 512 and the light intensity of a light source 53, and acquiring a side surface speckle image of the clear tire tread rubber 45 on the computer screen under the action of the camera 52 and the light source 54;
fifthly, calibrating images after acquiring speckle images of the tire tread rubber sample 45 on a computer through the camera 51 and the camera 52;
sixthly, the loading compression of the tire is realized by controlling the motor 31 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 3, the shearing deformation of the tread rubber sample 45 is realized by controlling the motor 21 of the linear loading adjusting mechanism 2, and the different temperature control of the tread rubber sample 45 is realized by adjusting the preset temperature through the heating unit 73 in the temperature control unit 7.
And seventhly, adjusting the resolution and frame rate of the cameras 51 and 52 according to the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber sample 45 under the working condition of the tested tire. In the working condition realization process of the step 6, synchronously finishing the acquisition of the global deformation digital image of the tire tread rubber 45 according to the time sequence by the camera 51, the camera 52 and the computer at a preset time interval; meanwhile, the linear displacement x and the temperature t are acquired by the linear displacement sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 72 in the deformation process of the tire tread sample 45;
eighthly, comparing and analyzing the global and overall process deformation digital images of the tire tread rubber 45 at the current moment and the global deformation image of the tire tread rubber 45 at the previous moment by a digital image template matching technology to obtain global strain information of the tire tread rubber 45 at the adjacent moment, and obtaining global and overall process deformation of the tire tread rubber 45 by combining the previous calibration image;
and ninthly, comprehensively analyzing the obtained linear displacement x and temperature data t, the deformation data of the contact area of the tire tread rubber 45 and the deformation image of the contact area in the whole friction process, and obtaining the distribution of the deformation characteristics of the tire tread rubber in the whole friction process and the calculation of the contact static friction coefficient under the actual operation condition of the tire.
Ten, the friction coefficient calculation process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly obtaining a tire tread area shear stress and main strain time-varying curve according to the global image processing of a rubber tire tread block, secondly obtaining the tire tread shear stress and time-varying curve according to the stress-strain relation obtained by a uniaxial tension experiment of a rubber material, thirdly drawing the shear stress and main strain varying curve, and fourthly mainly taking the dominant action of adhesive friction according to the contact between the rubber material and a glass plate according to a formula:
where τ denotes the mean shear stress, σ0Denotes the nominal contact stress, A0Is the nominal contact area, AcFor the actual contact area, the contact is complete, i.e. complete, because the experiment is carried out with a rubber tread block
Therefore, according to the slope values of each point of the drawn curve of the shear stress and the strain, namely the adhesive friction coefficient, the numerical values of the displacement and temperature sensors are changed, or the change rule of the vertical load along with the time can be obtained by dividing the obtained curve of the strain along with the change of the time by the contact area, namely the adhesive friction coefficients under different slip speeds, temperatures and vertical loads can be obtained through different loads.
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