CN113109248B - Device and method for realizing high-low switching of friction coefficient between friction pairs through additional circuit - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing high-low switching of friction coefficient between friction pairs through additional circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109248B CN113109248B CN202110304509.5A CN202110304509A CN113109248B CN 113109248 B CN113109248 B CN 113109248B CN 202110304509 A CN202110304509 A CN 202110304509A CN 113109248 B CN113109248 B CN 113109248B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing the switching of friction coefficients between friction pairs through an additional circuit, wherein the device comprises a friction force measuring module, the friction pairs, an upper clamp, a liquid pool, a control circuit, an electric signal input module and an electric signal display module. Meanwhile, a method for switching the friction coefficient between the friction pairs by an additional circuit is provided. The invention uses an external power supply, combines an electrometer and switches the friction pair connected into the circuit, thereby realizing the high-low switching of the friction coefficient, acquiring the magnitude of the electric signal between the electrodes in real time and providing a regulation and control idea and a scheme for practical engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs through an additional circuit, belonging to the field of electromechanical technology and friction.
Background
Friction is a natural phenomenon which is not neglected in human life, and friction is generated in places with movement, and is accompanied by abrasion of the surfaces of friction pairs. The friction and wear bring harm in many times, for example, in some transmission parts of mechanical equipment, the energy consumption is increased due to the excessive friction, the reliability of the product is reduced and the service life is shortened due to the serious wear. The friction can be reduced by using scientific surface and material lubrication technology. However, in the fields of clutches, brakes, surface finishing, etc., friction is advantageous for their work, which requires increased friction. The friction control in the application occasions is passive control, the friction coefficient is determined by the material of the friction pair and the actual use environment, and the friction coefficient can not be artificially regulated and controlled in the use process.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the traditional lubrication mode needs to be developed towards high-end intellectualization. Through the external potential, the friction coefficient of the friction pair can be adjusted according to actual requirements through active control of the friction coefficient. At present, certain research foundation exists around the electric control friction in the environments of dry friction, water-based lubrication, oil-based lubrication and the like at home and abroad. However, most of the developed research is developed around the regulation mechanism, no practical control scheme is given, and the research is far away from practical application.
Therefore, the existing electrically controlled friction technology has certain limitations in application. It is necessary to design a device and a method for directly controlling the increase and decrease of the friction coefficient through an external circuit, and provide a regulating idea and a regulating method for practical engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a device and a method for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs through an additional circuit.
The invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs by an additional circuit comprises:
the friction force measuring module is used for performing a friction and wear experiment and measuring and displaying a friction coefficient in real time;
the friction pair is used as a friction object;
the upper clamp is used for clamping the upper friction pair and the auxiliary electrode;
the liquid pool is used for placing the lower friction pair and containing lubricating liquid;
the control circuit is used for switching on and off the power supply and switching over the power-on friction pair;
the electric signal input module is used for applying current or voltage to the friction interface;
and the electric signal display module is used for acquiring and displaying voltage signals between the electrodes in real time.
Further, the friction force measuring module is a friction wear testing machine; the friction wear testing machine uses a reciprocating carrying platform and a force sensor with the limit load of 50N.
Further, the friction pair comprises an upper friction pair and a lower friction pair; the upper friction pair is a polytetrafluoroethylene small ball with the diameter of 6mm and is placed in the ball support; the lower friction pair is a metal sheet, a conductive copper foil is adhered to the lower surface of the metal sheet, and the other surface of the conductive copper foil is adhered to the liquid pool.
Furthermore, the ball support comprises a ball rod and a ball cap, and the ball rod and the ball cap are connected together through internal and external threads; the ball support is made of metal; the ball rod is connected with the lead through the conductive copper foil.
Further, the upper clamp material is polyoxymethylene; the upper clamp structure comprises a ball support clamping hole, an auxiliary electrode clamping hole and a hole clamping mechanism; the hole clamping mechanism is composed of a screw and an opening pressing plate, and the tightness of the hole is controlled by adjusting the distance between the opening pressing plates through the screw. Further, the liquid pool material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the liquid pool is a cuboid with intermediate materials removed, stepped through holes are drilled at four vertex angles of the cuboid, and screws are used for connecting the liquid pool with the reciprocating motion carrying platform through the stepped through holes; a lower friction pair is fixed on the liquid pool; the solution contained in the liquid pool is salt solution such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and the like.
Further, the control circuit comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and an auxiliary electrode; the input end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the negative electrode of the electric signal input module, and the output end of the single-pole double-throw switch is respectively connected with the conductive copper foils led out from the upper friction pair and the lower friction pair through leads; the auxiliary electrode is a graphite rod or a platinum wire, the auxiliary electrode is fixed in the auxiliary electrode clamping hole, the upper end of the auxiliary electrode is connected with the anode of the electric signal input module through a lead, the lower end of the auxiliary electrode is opposite to the surface of the lower friction pair, and the distance is about 2mm.
Further, the electric signal input module is a direct current voltage and current stabilization power supply; and the direct-current voltage and current stabilizing power supply is connected with the auxiliary electrode end and the friction pair end through positive and negative leads.
Furthermore, the electric signal display module comprises an electrometer and a data acquisition card; the electrometer is connected with the auxiliary electrode and the friction pair through positive and negative leads; one end of the data acquisition card is connected with the electrometer, and the other end of the data acquisition card is connected with the computer and used for acquiring and displaying the voltage number in real time.
The invention provides an experimental method for realizing the high-low switching of friction coefficients between friction pairs through an additional circuit, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a salt solution required by an experiment;
placing the polytetrafluoroethylene balls subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in a ball support, and clamping the ball support in a ball support clamping hole;
adhering a conductive copper foil to the back surface of the metal sheet, and adhering the other surface of the conductive copper foil to the liquid pool by using a strong double-sided adhesive tape;
clamping the auxiliary electrode in the auxiliary electrode clamping hole, and adjusting the distance between the lower end of the auxiliary electrode and the surface of the lower friction pair to be 2mm;
connecting and checking the circuit;
adding the prepared salt solution into the liquid pool without passing through an upper friction pair and a lower friction pair;
setting a preload and an experiment time, and starting a friction wear testing machine and an electric signal display module;
when the friction coefficient is stable, a direct current voltage and current stabilizing power supply is turned on, and a target current or voltage application value is set;
if the friction coefficient needs to be increased, the single-pole double-throw switch is pulled to the end of the lead connected with the upper friction pair, so that the upper friction pair, the salt solution and the auxiliary electrode form a passage, and the friction coefficient is adjusted to be increased; when the friction coefficient needs to be adjusted to be reduced, the single-pole double-throw switch is pulled to the lead end connected with the lower friction pair, so that the lower friction pair, the salt solution and the auxiliary electrode form a passage, and the adjustable friction coefficient is reduced at the moment;
after the experiment is finished, firstly, the single-pole double-throw switch is switched off, and then the direct-current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply is switched off; and (4) deriving a real-time curve of the friction coefficient and the interface electric signal from a computer terminal for experimental analysis.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention uses an external power supply, combines an electrometer and switches a friction pair of an access circuit, realizes the high-low switching of the friction coefficient, can acquire the magnitude of an electric signal between electrodes in real time and provides a regulating thought and a scheme for practical engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure and circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a clamp.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the method of operation of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in coefficient of friction at different electrode potentials in a sodium chloride solution.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in friction coefficient at different electrode potentials in a potassium chloride solution.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In one embodiment, a system comprises:
and the friction force measuring module is used for friction experiment and real-time measurement and display of the friction coefficient.
And the friction pair is used as a friction object.
And the upper clamp is used for clamping the upper friction pair and the auxiliary electrode.
And the liquid pool is used for placing the lower friction pair and containing lubricating liquid.
And the control circuit is used for starting and stopping the power supply and switching the electrified friction pair.
And the electric signal input module is used for applying current or voltage to the friction interface.
And the electric signal display module is used for acquiring and displaying voltage signals between the electrodes in real time.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the limit load of the force sensor 5 is 50N, and for other embodiments, force sensors with different limit loads may be selected; the force sensor 5 can be programmed to move up, down, left and right.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the upper clamp 6 is fixed to the force sensor 5 by four screws; the upper clamp 6 is made of polyoxymethylene, has high mechanical strength, fatigue strength and rigidity, strong repeated impact resistance and insulativity, can separate the ball support 9 from the force sensor 5, and avoids the interference of electricity on the force sensor 5; the upper clamp 6 comprises a ball support clamping hole 6-3 and an auxiliary electrode clamping hole 6-2; the ball support ball rod part 9-1 is inserted into the ball support clamping hole 6-3, the size of the opening pressing plate 6-4 is adjusted by using a screw, and the ball support is clamped; the auxiliary electrode 4 is inserted into the auxiliary electrode clamping hole 6-2, and the size of the opening pressing plate 6-1 is adjusted by using a screw to clamp the auxiliary electrode 4.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the auxiliary electrode 4 is a graphite electrode or a platinum wire electrode; the upper end of the auxiliary electrode is a copper bar 4-1, and the copper bar 4-1 is connected with the positive pole of the direct current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply 8 and the positive wiring column of the electrometer 2 through a lead; the auxiliary electrode 4 is used as an anode and forms a loop with the lubricating liquid 15, the friction pair and the direct current voltage and current stabilizing power supply 8.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the ball support comprises a ball rod 9-1 and a ball cap 9-2 which are both made of metal materials; the upper friction pair ball 12 is placed in the ball cap 9-2, the ball cap 9-2 and the ball rod 9-1 are connected together through internal and external threads, and the ball 12 is fixed through pressure; in the embodiment, the material of the small ball 12 is polytetrafluoroethylene, the diameter is 6mm, and for other embodiments, insulating small balls made of different materials can be selected; the upper part of the ball rod 9-1 is adhered with a conductive copper foil 7, and the conductive copper foil 7 is connected with an upper binding post of the single-pole double-throw switch through a lead.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the lower friction pair 11 is a titanium alloy sheet, the lower surface of which is adhered to the conductive copper foil 10, and the other surface of the conductive copper foil 10 is adhered to the liquid pool 13; the conductive copper foil 10 is connected with the lower connecting post of the single-pole double-throw switch through a lead; the liquid tank 13 is connected with the reciprocating platform 14 through four screws.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the right terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the negative terminal of the dc voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply and the negative terminal of the electrometer 2 through a lead; the electrometer 2 is connected with the data acquisition card 3, and the data acquisition card 3 is connected with the computer 1 and is used for acquiring the voltage between the cathode and the anode in real time.
The method of operation of the present invention will now be explained with reference to the following examples, which will be understood by those skilled in the art to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
Referring to the above description of the specific embodiment of the device for switching between high and low friction coefficients by an external circuit according to the present invention, the device shown in fig. 1 is taken as a platform to implement the method for switching between high and low friction coefficients by an external circuit according to the present invention, and detect the relationship between the friction coefficients under different electrode potentials. The upper friction pair 12 shown in fig. 1 and 3 is a polytetrafluoroethylene bead, the lower friction pair 11 is a titanium alloy sheet, the lubricating liquid 15 is a sodium chloride solution, and the solution is immersed in the upper and lower friction pairs.
In the embodiment, the upper and lower friction pairs are switched to be used as cathodes under the condition of different electrode potentials, so that the increase and decrease of the friction system are controlled. Specifically, fig. 4 is a flow chart of experimental method operation, and fig. 5 is a friction coefficient variation curve under different electrode potentials in a sodium chloride solution. Firstly, preparing sodium chloride lubricating liquid with the concentration of 0.5mol/L by using deionized water and NaCl; then, mounting an electrode, mounting the friction pair adhered with the electrode on a liquid pool and an upper clamp, and adding prepared lubricating liquid into the liquid pool; then connecting a circuit, starting a friction wear testing machine and an electric signal display module, setting the load to be 2.5N and the reciprocating frequency to be 2Hz, and starting the friction wear testing machine; turning on a direct-current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply, starting a voltage-stabilizing function, and setting an applied voltage value to be 5V; and finally, closing the single-pole double-throw switch to connect the circuit. Figure 5 shows the friction pairs switched into the circuit at each time period and the applied potential. Specifically, in the stage of 0-300s, the circuit is disconnected, and the friction coefficient is about 0.08; at the stage of 300s-900s, the titanium alloy sheet is used as a cathode, 5V voltage is applied, and the friction coefficient is increased to 0.16; at the stage of 900s-1200s, the titanium alloy is used as a cathode, 10V voltage is applied, and the friction coefficient is increased to 0.22; at the stage of 1200-1500 s, the circuit is disconnected, and the friction coefficient is reduced to 0.17; at the stage of 1500s-1800s, the polytetrafluoroethylene ball is used as a cathode, 10V voltage is applied, and the friction coefficient is reduced to 0.12.
The results of this example show that: when the titanium alloy sheet is used as a cathode, the friction coefficient is increased; when the polytetrafluoroethylene ball is used as a cathode, the friction coefficient is reduced.
Example 2
Referring to the above description of the specific embodiment of the device for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs through an external circuit according to the present invention, the device shown in fig. 1 is taken as a platform, the method for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs through an external circuit according to the present invention is implemented, and the relationship of the change in friction coefficient under different electrode potentials is detected. Wherein, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the upper friction pair 12 is a polytetrafluoroethylene bead, the lower friction pair 11 is a titanium alloy sheet, the lubricating liquid 15 is a potassium chloride solution, and the solution is immersed in the upper and lower friction pairs.
In the embodiment, the upper and lower friction pairs are switched to be used as cathodes under the condition of different electrode potentials, so that the increase and decrease of the friction system are controlled. Specifically, fig. 4 is a flow chart of experimental method operation, and fig. 6 is a friction coefficient variation curve under different electrode potentials in a potassium chloride solution. Firstly, preparing potassium chloride lubricating fluid with the concentration of 0.5mol/L by using deionized water and KCl; then, mounting an electrode, mounting the friction pair adhered with the electrode on a liquid pool and an upper clamp, and adding prepared lubricating liquid into the liquid pool; then connecting a circuit, starting a friction and wear testing machine and an electric signal display module, setting the load to be 2.5N and the reciprocating motion frequency to be 2Hz, and starting the friction and wear testing machine; turning on a direct-current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply, starting a voltage-stabilizing function, and setting an applied voltage value to be 5V; and finally, closing the single-pole double-throw switch to connect the circuit. Figure 5 shows the friction pairs switched into the circuit at each time period and the applied potential. Specifically, in the stage of 0-450s, the circuit is disconnected, and the friction coefficient is about 0.17; at the stage of 450s-900s, the polytetrafluoroethylene ball is used as a cathode, 10V voltage is applied, and the friction coefficient is reduced to 0.14; in the 900s-1200s stage, the circuit is disconnected, and the friction coefficient is about 0.14; at the stage of 1200s-1800s, the titanium alloy sheet is used as a cathode, 10V voltage is applied, and the friction coefficient is increased to 0.17.
The results of this example show that: when the titanium alloy sheet is used as a cathode, the friction coefficient is increased; when the polytetrafluoroethylene ball is used as a cathode, the friction coefficient is reduced.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention by this means. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A device for switching the friction coefficient between friction pairs by an additional circuit comprises:
the friction force measuring module is used for a friction and wear experiment and measuring and displaying a friction coefficient in real time;
the friction pair is used as a friction object;
the upper clamp is used for clamping the upper friction pair and the auxiliary electrode;
the liquid pool is used for placing the lower friction pair and containing lubricating liquid;
the control circuit is used for switching on and off the power supply and switching over the power-on friction pair;
the electric signal input module is used for applying current or voltage to the friction interface;
the electric signal display module is used for collecting voltage signals between the electrodes in real time;
the friction force measuring module is a friction wear testing machine; the friction wear testing machine uses a reciprocating loading platform and a force sensor with the limit load of 50N;
the friction pair comprises an upper friction pair and a lower friction pair; the upper friction pair is a polytetrafluoroethylene small ball with the diameter of 6mm and is placed in the ball support; the lower friction pair is a metal sheet, a conductive copper foil is adhered to the lower surface of the metal sheet, and the other surface of the conductive copper foil is adhered to the liquid pool;
the ball support comprises a ball rod and a ball cap, and the ball rod and the ball cap are connected together through internal and external threads; the ball support is made of metal; the ball rod is connected with the lead through the conductive copper foil;
the upper clamp is made of polyoxymethylene; the upper clamp structure comprises a ball support clamping hole, an auxiliary electrode clamping hole and a hole clamping mechanism; the hole clamping mechanism consists of a screw and an opening pressing plate, and the tightness of the hole is controlled by adjusting the distance between the opening pressing plates through the screw;
the liquid pool material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the liquid pool is a cuboid with intermediate materials removed, stepped through holes are formed in the four vertex angles of the cuboid, and screws are used for being connected with the reciprocating motion carrying platform through the stepped through holes; a lower friction pair is fixed on the liquid pool; the solution contained in the liquid pool is sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solution;
the control circuit comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and an auxiliary electrode; the input end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the negative electrode of the electric signal input module, and the output end of the single-pole double-throw switch is respectively connected with the conductive copper foils led out of the upper friction pair and the lower friction pair through leads; the auxiliary electrode is a graphite rod or a platinum wire, the auxiliary electrode is fixed in the auxiliary electrode clamping hole, the upper end of the auxiliary electrode is connected with the anode of the electric signal input module through a lead, and the lower end of the auxiliary electrode is opposite to the surface of the lower friction pair at a distance of 2mm;
the electric signal input module is a direct current voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply; the direct-current voltage and current stabilizing power supply is connected with the auxiliary current end and the friction pair end through positive and negative leads;
the electric signal display module comprises an electrometer and a data acquisition card; the electrometer is connected with the auxiliary electrode end and the friction pair end through positive and negative leads; one end of the data acquisition card is connected with the electrometer, and the other end of the data acquisition card is connected with the computer and used for acquiring and displaying interface voltage signals.
2. A method for switching between high and low friction coefficients of a friction pair by an external circuit, using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a salt solution required by an experiment;
s2, placing the polytetrafluoroethylene which is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in a ball support, and clamping the ball support in a ball support clamping hole;
s3, adhering the conductive copper foil to the back surface of the metal sheet, and adhering the other surface of the conductive copper foil to the liquid pool by using a strong double-sided adhesive tape;
s4, clamping the auxiliary electrode in the auxiliary electrode clamping hole, and adjusting the distance between the lower end of the auxiliary electrode and the surface of the lower friction pair to be 2mm;
s5, connecting and checking a circuit;
s6, adding the prepared salt solution into the liquid pool without an upper friction pair and a lower friction pair;
s7, setting preload and experiment time, and starting the friction wear testing machine and the electric signal display module;
s8, when the friction coefficient is stable, turning on a direct-current voltage and current stabilizing power supply, and setting a target current or voltage application value;
if the friction coefficient needs to be increased, the single-pole double-throw switch is pulled to the end of the lead connected with the upper friction pair, so that the upper friction pair, the salt solution and the auxiliary electrode form a passage, and the friction coefficient is adjusted to be increased;
when the friction coefficient needs to be adjusted to be reduced, the single-pole double-throw switch is pulled to the lead end connected with the lower friction pair, so that the lower friction pair, the salt solution and the auxiliary electrode form a passage, and the adjustable friction coefficient is reduced at the moment;
s9, after the experiment is finished, firstly disconnecting the single-pole double-throw switch, and then closing the direct-current voltage and current stabilizing power supply;
s10, deriving a real-time curve of the friction coefficient and the interface electric signal from the computer terminal for experimental analysis.
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| RU2263298C1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессинального образования "Таганрогский государственный радиотехнический университет" (ТРТУ) | Method of tribo-engineering testing |
| CN102102805A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | 清华大学 | Method for actively controlling friction coefficient of metal friction pair in aqueous solution of surfactant |
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| CN107607624A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-19 | 北京工业大学 | It is adapted to the acoustic emission detection system and method for high frequency motion surface of friction pair |
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