CN113107569A - Railway tunnel ventilation system determination method based on train fire heat release rate - Google Patents

Railway tunnel ventilation system determination method based on train fire heat release rate Download PDF

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CN113107569A
CN113107569A CN202110567784.6A CN202110567784A CN113107569A CN 113107569 A CN113107569 A CN 113107569A CN 202110567784 A CN202110567784 A CN 202110567784A CN 113107569 A CN113107569 A CN 113107569A
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fire
train
heat release
release rate
railway tunnel
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CN113107569B (en
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周远龙
毕海权
雷波
王宏林
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，首先确定出所述列车上的可燃材料以及所述可燃材料的参数，所述参数具体为所述可燃材料的单位面积热释放速率与等效宽度，然后确定所述列车中火焰在车厢内的火焰蔓延速率以及火灾轰燃系数，然后再基于所述参数、火焰蔓延速率以及火灾轰燃系数确定列车火灾热释放速率。最后根据所述列车火灾热释放速率确定所述铁路隧道通风系统，确保了铁路隧道通风系统能满足列车发生火灾时对通风风量的要求，能够确保人员安全疏散，能够避免在列车发生火灾时，对隧道衬砌结构造成破坏，保障了铁路隧道的正常运营。

Figure 202110567784

The invention discloses a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate. First, the combustible materials on the train and the parameters of the combustible materials are determined, and the parameters are specifically the unit area of the combustible materials. Heat release rate and equivalent width, then determine the flame spread rate and fire flashover coefficient of the flame in the train, and then determine the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, flame spread rate and fire flashover coefficient. Finally, the railway tunnel ventilation system is determined according to the train fire heat release rate, which ensures that the railway tunnel ventilation system can meet the requirements for ventilation air volume in the event of a train fire, can ensure the safe evacuation of personnel, and can avoid damage to the train in the event of a fire. The damage to the tunnel lining structure ensures the normal operation of the railway tunnel.

Figure 202110567784

Description

Railway tunnel ventilation system determination method based on train fire heat release rate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway tunnel ventilation systems, and particularly relates to a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate.
Background
The high-speed train has the characteristics of safety, reliability and comfort, and is favored by rail transit transportation industries of all countries in the world. With the rapid development of high-speed railways in China, the high-speed railways and high-speed trains become important components of modern traffic and important infrastructure for economic development in China.
The number of combustible components in the carriage of the high-speed train is large, and a large number of luggage articles carried by passengers are also provided. After a fire disaster occurs to a train in the tunnel, the fire and high-temperature smoke can rapidly spread in the tunnel, and the safe evacuation of passengers can be influenced. In addition, in the combustion process of the train, a large amount of heat is released into the tunnel, the temperature of flue gas at the top of the tunnel can reach over 1000 ℃, the lining structure of the tunnel can be seriously damaged, and the normal operation of the railway tunnel is influenced. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of passengers and the tunnel structure in case of fire, the tunnel needs to be ventilated, and high-temperature smoke is discharged out of the tunnel. The heat release rate in the train combustion process is an important parameter for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system, but the conventional train fire heat release rate theoretical calculation method cannot obtain an accurate heat release rate value.
Therefore, how to simply, rapidly and accurately determine the heat release rate of the train fire so as to determine the railway tunnel ventilation system is a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to simply, quickly and accurately determine the train fire heat release rate so as to determine a railway tunnel ventilation system, and provides a method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate comprises the following steps:
s1, determining combustible materials on the train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, and the equivalent width is specific to the ratio of the surface area of the combustible materials to the length of a carriage;
s2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of the flame in the train carriage;
s3, determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient;
and S4, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate.
Further, the combustible materials in S1 are roof cold-proof materials, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, wall cold-proof materials, side walls, window glass, floor cold-proof materials, floor cloth, floors, armrests, cushions, backrests, cables, and luggage racks.
Further, the equivalent width is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000021
in the formula: b isd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, and has the unit of m, AiIs the surface area of the i-th combustible material in m2And L is the length of the train carriage and has the unit of m.
Further, the flame propagation rate is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000022
wherein v is the flame propagation rate in m/s, lsThe distance from the first row seat to the last row seat in the train carriage is m, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
Further, the fire bombing coefficient is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000023
wherein μ (t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μfAt the maximum flashover coefficient, t is the time of the fire development of the train, and the time of the fire development is the time from the beginning of the fire of the train to the extinguishing of the fire, and the unit is s, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
Further, the train fire heat release rate is specifically determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000024
wherein Q (t) is the heat release rate of the train in MW, Q0Is a preset value of heat release rate in MW, v is flame spread rate in m/s, mu (t) is fire flashover coefficient, Bd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material and has the unit of m, t0The time from the start of a fire to the start of combustion of the seat nearest to the ignition source is represented by s, t is the time of the development of the fire of the train, and the time of the development of the fire is specifically represented by the time from the start of the fire of the train to the extinguishment of the fire and is represented by s, hf,i(t) is the heat release rate per unit area in kW/m for the ith combustible material in the railcar2And dt is the sign of the integral.
Further, the step S4 is specifically to determine a ventilation air volume of the railway tunnel according to the train fire heat release rate, and determine the ventilation system of the railway tunnel based on the ventilation air volume.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention determines the train fire heat release rate by the unit area heat release rate and the equivalent width of the combustible material on the train and combining the flame spreading rate and the fire bombing coefficient in the train carriage, thereby determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate, ensuring that the railway tunnel ventilation system meets the requirement of the train on ventilation air volume when the train breaks out fire, avoiding waste caused by overhigh selection standard of the ventilation system, and avoiding the damage to the tunnel lining structure and the influence on the normal operation of the railway tunnel when the train breaks out fire.
(2) The invention determines that the combustible materials of the train are roof cold-proof materials, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, wall cold-proof materials, side walls, window glass, floor cold-proof materials, floor cloth, floors, armrests, cushions, backrests, cables and luggage racks, combines the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient in the train carriage, fully ensures the accuracy of the heat release rate of the train fire and reduces errors.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Based on the above description in the background art, the determination of the railway tunnel ventilation system is not limited to the determination based on the tunnel length, the humidity, etc., and the heat release when a train has a fire accident is also an important reference factor, whereas in an actual scenario, when a train has a fire at a car connection or a car end, the train has the worst fire.
Accordingly, the present application proposes a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1, determining combustible materials on the train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, and the equivalent width is specific to the ratio of the surface area of the combustible materials to the length of the carriage.
Specifically, the combustible material is a roof cold-proof material, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, a wall cold-proof material, a side wall, vehicle window glass, a floor cold-proof material, floor cloth, a floor, an armrest, a cushion, a backrest, a cable and a luggage rack. The heat release rate per unit area of the combustible material can be obtained by cone calorimeter tests, and the equivalent width can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000041
in the formula: b isd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, and has the unit of m, AiIs the surface area of the i-th combustible material in m2And L is the length of the train carriage and has the unit of m.
And step S2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of the flame in the train compartment.
The flame spread rate is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000042
wherein v is the flame propagation rate in m/s, lsThe distance from the first row seat to the last row seat in the train carriage is m, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
In addition, the fire bombing coefficient is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000043
wherein μ (t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μfAt the maximum flashover coefficient, t is the time of the fire development of the train, and the time of the fire development is the time from the beginning of the fire of the train to the extinguishing of the fire, and the unit is s, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
And step S3, determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient.
The train fire heat release rate is specifically determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003081393700000044
wherein Q (t) is the heat release rate of the train in MW, Q0Is a preset value of heat release rate in MW, v is flame spread rate in m/s, mu (t) is fire flashover coefficient, Bd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material and has the unit of m, t0The time from the start of a fire to the start of combustion of the seat nearest to the ignition source is represented by s, t is the time of the development of the fire of the train, and the time of the development of the fire is specifically represented by the time from the start of the fire of the train to the extinguishment of the fire and is represented by s, hf,i(t) is the heat release rate per unit area in kW/m for the ith combustible material in the railcar2And dt is the sign of the integral.
The parameters in the above formula can be shown in table 1 in a specific application scenario:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003081393700000051
The surface area and equivalent width of each combustible material in a train car can be shown in table 2 in a specific application scenario:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003081393700000052
And step S4, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate.
The step S4 is specifically to determine a ventilation air volume of the railway tunnel according to the train fire heat release rate, and determine the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the ventilation air volume.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1.基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:1. the method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1、确定出所述列车上的可燃材料以及所述可燃材料的参数，所述参数具体为所述可燃材料的单位面积热释放速率与等效宽度，所述等效宽度具体为所述可燃材料的表面积与车厢长度之比；S1. Determine the combustible material on the train and the parameters of the combustible material, the parameters are specifically the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible material, and the equivalent width is specifically the combustible material The ratio of the surface area to the length of the carriage; S2、确定所述列车中火焰在列车车厢内的火焰蔓延速率以及火灾轰燃系数；S2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire flashover coefficient of the flame in the train in the train compartment; S3、基于所述参数、所述火焰蔓延速率以及所述火灾轰燃系数确定出所述列车火灾热释放速率；S3. Determine the fire heat release rate of the train based on the parameter, the flame spread rate and the fire flashover coefficient; S4、根据所述列车火灾热释放速率确定所述铁路隧道通风系统。S4. Determine the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述可燃材料具体为顶板防寒材、第一内顶板、第二内顶板、第三内顶板、墙壁防寒材、侧墙、车窗玻璃、地板防寒材、地板布、地板、扶手、坐垫、靠背、电缆和行李架。2. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate according to claim 1, wherein the combustible material is specifically a roof cold-proof material, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof Top panels, wall insulation, side walls, window glass, floor insulation, floor coverings, floors, armrests, seat cushions, backrests, cables and luggage racks. 3.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述等效宽度通过如下公式计算得到：3. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equivalent width is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003081393690000011
Figure FDA0003081393690000011
 式中：Bd,i为第i种可燃材料的等效宽度，单位是m，Ai为第i种可燃材料的表面积，单位是m2，L为所述列车车厢的长度，单位是m。In the formula: B d,i is the equivalent width of the ith combustible material, the unit is m, A i is the surface area of the ith combustible material, the unit is m 2 , L is the length of the train compartment, the unit is m . 4.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述火焰蔓延速率通过如下公式进行确定：4. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame spread rate is determined by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003081393690000012
Figure FDA0003081393690000012
 式中，v为所述火焰蔓延速率，单位是m/s，ls为所述列车车厢内第一排座椅到最后一排座椅的距离，单位是m，tp是所述列车火灾从开始达到峰值的时间，单位是s，t0为火灾开始到距离起火源最近的座椅开始燃烧的时间，单位是s。where v is the flame spread rate, in m/s, l s is the distance from the first row of seats to the last row of seats in the train compartment, in m, and t p is the train fire The time from the beginning to the peak value, the unit is s, and t 0 is the time from the start of the fire to the seat closest to the ignition source when the seat starts to burn, the unit is s. 5.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述火灾轰燃系数通过如下公式进行确定：5. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire flashover coefficient is determined by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003081393690000013
Figure FDA0003081393690000013
 式中，μ(t)为所述火灾轰燃系数，μf为最大轰燃系数，t为所述列车的火灾发展时间，所述火灾发展时间具体为所述列车从开始着火到火灾熄灭的时间，单位是s，tp是所述列车火灾从开始达到峰值的时间，单位是s，t0为火灾开始到距离起火源最近的座椅开始燃烧的时间，单位是s。In the formula, μ(t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μf is the maximum flashover coefficient, and t is the fire development time of the train. Time, the unit is s, t p is the time from the start of the train fire to the peak value, the unit is s, t 0 is the time from the fire start to the seat closest to the ignition source starts to burn, the unit is s. 6.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述列车火灾热释放速率，具体通过如下公式进行确定：6. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the train fire heat release rate is specifically determined by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003081393690000021
Figure FDA0003081393690000021
 式中，Q(t)为所述列车火灾热释放速率，单位是MW，Q0为预设热释放速率值，单位是MW，v为所述火焰蔓延速率，单位是m/s，μ(t)为所述火灾轰燃系数，Bd,i为第i种可燃材料的等效宽度，单位是m，t0为火灾开始到距离起火源最近的座椅开始燃烧的时间，单位是s，t为列车的火灾发展时间，所述火灾发展时间具体为所述列车从开始着火到火灾熄灭的时间，单位是s，hf,i(t)为所述列车车厢内第i种可燃材料的单位面积热释放速率，单位是kW/m2，dt为积分符号。In the formula, Q(t) is the fire heat release rate of the train, the unit is MW, Q0 is the preset heat release rate value, the unit is MW, v is the flame spread rate, the unit is m/s, μ( t) is the flashover coefficient of the fire, B d,i is the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, the unit is m, t 0 is the time from the start of the fire to the start of burning of the seat closest to the ignition source, the unit is s , t is the fire development time of the train, and the fire development time is specifically the time from the start of fire to the fire extinguishing of the train, the unit is s, h f, i (t) is the i-th combustible material in the train compartment The heat release rate per unit area is in kW/m 2 , and dt is the integral symbol. 7.如权利要求1所述的基于列车火灾热释放速率的铁路隧道通风系统确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4具体为根据所述列车火灾热释放速率确定铁路隧道通风风量，基于所述通风风量确定所述铁路隧道通风系统。7. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is specifically to determine the railway tunnel ventilation air volume according to the train fire heat release rate, based on the The ventilation air volume determines the railway tunnel ventilation system.
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