CN113107569A - Railway tunnel ventilation system determination method based on train fire heat release rate - Google Patents
Railway tunnel ventilation system determination method based on train fire heat release rate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 side walls Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate, which comprises the steps of firstly determining combustible materials on a train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the unit area heat release rate and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, then determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of flame in the train in a carriage, and then determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient. And finally, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate, ensuring that the railway tunnel ventilation system can meet the requirement on ventilation air volume when a train is in a fire, ensuring safe evacuation of personnel, avoiding damage to a tunnel lining structure when the train is in a fire and ensuring normal operation of the railway tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway tunnel ventilation systems, and particularly relates to a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate.
Background
The high-speed train has the characteristics of safety, reliability and comfort, and is favored by rail transit transportation industries of all countries in the world. With the rapid development of high-speed railways in China, the high-speed railways and high-speed trains become important components of modern traffic and important infrastructure for economic development in China.
The number of combustible components in the carriage of the high-speed train is large, and a large number of luggage articles carried by passengers are also provided. After a fire disaster occurs to a train in the tunnel, the fire and high-temperature smoke can rapidly spread in the tunnel, and the safe evacuation of passengers can be influenced. In addition, in the combustion process of the train, a large amount of heat is released into the tunnel, the temperature of flue gas at the top of the tunnel can reach over 1000 ℃, the lining structure of the tunnel can be seriously damaged, and the normal operation of the railway tunnel is influenced. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of passengers and the tunnel structure in case of fire, the tunnel needs to be ventilated, and high-temperature smoke is discharged out of the tunnel. The heat release rate in the train combustion process is an important parameter for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system, but the conventional train fire heat release rate theoretical calculation method cannot obtain an accurate heat release rate value.
Therefore, how to simply, rapidly and accurately determine the heat release rate of the train fire so as to determine the railway tunnel ventilation system is a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to simply, quickly and accurately determine the train fire heat release rate so as to determine a railway tunnel ventilation system, and provides a method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate comprises the following steps:
s1, determining combustible materials on the train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, and the equivalent width is specific to the ratio of the surface area of the combustible materials to the length of a carriage;
s2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of the flame in the train carriage;
s3, determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient;
and S4, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate.
Further, the combustible materials in S1 are roof cold-proof materials, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, wall cold-proof materials, side walls, window glass, floor cold-proof materials, floor cloth, floors, armrests, cushions, backrests, cables, and luggage racks.
Further, the equivalent width is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: b isd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, and has the unit of m, AiIs the surface area of the i-th combustible material in m2And L is the length of the train carriage and has the unit of m.
Further, the flame propagation rate is determined by the following formula:
wherein v is the flame propagation rate in m/s, lsThe distance from the first row seat to the last row seat in the train carriage is m, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
Further, the fire bombing coefficient is determined by the following formula:
wherein μ (t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μfAt the maximum flashover coefficient, t is the time of the fire development of the train, and the time of the fire development is the time from the beginning of the fire of the train to the extinguishing of the fire, and the unit is s, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
Further, the train fire heat release rate is specifically determined by the following formula:
wherein Q (t) is the heat release rate of the train in MW, Q0Is a preset value of heat release rate in MW, v is flame spread rate in m/s, mu (t) is fire flashover coefficient, Bd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material and has the unit of m, t0The time from the start of a fire to the start of combustion of the seat nearest to the ignition source is represented by s, t is the time of the development of the fire of the train, and the time of the development of the fire is specifically represented by the time from the start of the fire of the train to the extinguishment of the fire and is represented by s, hf,i(t) is the heat release rate per unit area in kW/m for the ith combustible material in the railcar2And dt is the sign of the integral.
Further, the step S4 is specifically to determine a ventilation air volume of the railway tunnel according to the train fire heat release rate, and determine the ventilation system of the railway tunnel based on the ventilation air volume.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention determines the train fire heat release rate by the unit area heat release rate and the equivalent width of the combustible material on the train and combining the flame spreading rate and the fire bombing coefficient in the train carriage, thereby determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate, ensuring that the railway tunnel ventilation system meets the requirement of the train on ventilation air volume when the train breaks out fire, avoiding waste caused by overhigh selection standard of the ventilation system, and avoiding the damage to the tunnel lining structure and the influence on the normal operation of the railway tunnel when the train breaks out fire.
(2) The invention determines that the combustible materials of the train are roof cold-proof materials, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, wall cold-proof materials, side walls, window glass, floor cold-proof materials, floor cloth, floors, armrests, cushions, backrests, cables and luggage racks, combines the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient in the train carriage, fully ensures the accuracy of the heat release rate of the train fire and reduces errors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Based on the above description in the background art, the determination of the railway tunnel ventilation system is not limited to the determination based on the tunnel length, the humidity, etc., and the heat release when a train has a fire accident is also an important reference factor, whereas in an actual scenario, when a train has a fire at a car connection or a car end, the train has the worst fire.
Accordingly, the present application proposes a method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1, determining combustible materials on the train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, and the equivalent width is specific to the ratio of the surface area of the combustible materials to the length of the carriage.
Specifically, the combustible material is a roof cold-proof material, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, a wall cold-proof material, a side wall, vehicle window glass, a floor cold-proof material, floor cloth, a floor, an armrest, a cushion, a backrest, a cable and a luggage rack. The heat release rate per unit area of the combustible material can be obtained by cone calorimeter tests, and the equivalent width can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: b isd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, and has the unit of m, AiIs the surface area of the i-th combustible material in m2And L is the length of the train carriage and has the unit of m.
And step S2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of the flame in the train compartment.
The flame spread rate is determined by the following formula:
wherein v is the flame propagation rate in m/s, lsThe distance from the first row seat to the last row seat in the train carriage is m, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
In addition, the fire bombing coefficient is determined by the following formula:
wherein μ (t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μfAt the maximum flashover coefficient, t is the time of the fire development of the train, and the time of the fire development is the time from the beginning of the fire of the train to the extinguishing of the fire, and the unit is s, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
And step S3, determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient.
The train fire heat release rate is specifically determined by the following formula:
wherein Q (t) is the heat release rate of the train in MW, Q0Is a preset value of heat release rate in MW, v is flame spread rate in m/s, mu (t) is fire flashover coefficient, Bd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material and has the unit of m, t0The time from the start of a fire to the start of combustion of the seat nearest to the ignition source is represented by s, t is the time of the development of the fire of the train, and the time of the development of the fire is specifically represented by the time from the start of the fire of the train to the extinguishment of the fire and is represented by s, hf,i(t) is the heat release rate per unit area in kW/m for the ith combustible material in the railcar2And dt is the sign of the integral.
The parameters in the above formula can be shown in table 1 in a specific application scenario:
TABLE 1
The surface area and equivalent width of each combustible material in a train car can be shown in table 2 in a specific application scenario:
TABLE 2
And step S4, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate.
The step S4 is specifically to determine a ventilation air volume of the railway tunnel according to the train fire heat release rate, and determine the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the ventilation air volume.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for determining the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the train fire heat release rate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining combustible materials on the train and parameters of the combustible materials, wherein the parameters are specific to the heat release rate per unit area and the equivalent width of the combustible materials, and the equivalent width is specific to the ratio of the surface area of the combustible materials to the length of a carriage;
s2, determining the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient of the flame in the train carriage;
s3, determining the train fire heat release rate based on the parameters, the flame spread rate and the fire bombing coefficient;
and S4, determining the railway tunnel ventilation system according to the train fire heat release rate.
2. The method for determining a train fire heat release rate-based railway tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the combustible material is a roof cold-proof material, a first inner roof, a second inner roof, a third inner roof, a wall cold-proof material, a side wall, a window glass, a floor cold-proof material, a floor cloth, a floor, an armrest, a seat cushion, a backrest, a cable, and a luggage rack.
3. The method for determining a train fire heat release rate-based railway tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent width is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: b isd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material, and has the unit of m, AiIs the surface area of the i-th combustible material in m2And L is the length of the train carriage and has the unit of m.
4. The method of determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on train fire heat release rate of claim 1, wherein the flame spread rate is determined by the following formula:
wherein v is the flame propagation rate in m/s, lsThe distance from the first row seat to the last row seat in the train carriage is m, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0For starting fire to reach distanceThe time in s is the time at which the seat nearest the source of fire begins to burn.
5. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate according to claim 1, wherein the fire deflagration coefficient is determined by the following formula:
wherein μ (t) is the fire flashover coefficient, μfAt the maximum flashover coefficient, t is the time of the fire development of the train, and the time of the fire development is the time from the beginning of the fire of the train to the extinguishing of the fire, and the unit is s, tpIs the time from the beginning of the train fire to the peak in units of s, t0The time in s is the time from the start of the fire to the start of the burning of the seat closest to the source of the fire.
6. The method for determining a train fire heat release rate-based railway tunnel ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the train fire heat release rate is determined by the following formula:
wherein Q (t) is the heat release rate of the train in MW, Q0Is a preset heat release rate value with the unit of MW, v is the flame spread rate with the unit of m/s, mu (t) is the bombing coefficient of the fire, Bd,iIs the equivalent width of the i-th combustible material and has the unit of m, t0The time from the start of a fire to the start of combustion of the seat nearest to the ignition source is represented by s, t is the time of the development of the fire of the train, and the time of the development of the fire is specifically represented by the time from the start of the fire of the train to the extinguishment of the fire and is represented by s, hf,i(t) is the ith combustible material in the train carriageThe unit area heat release rate of (a) is in kW/m2And dt is the sign of the integral.
7. The method for determining a railway tunnel ventilation system based on a train fire heat release rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 is to determine a railway tunnel ventilation air volume based on the train fire heat release rate, and to determine the railway tunnel ventilation system based on the ventilation air volume.
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