CN113107351A - Top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency - Google Patents

Top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency Download PDF

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CN113107351A
CN113107351A CN202010028641.3A CN202010028641A CN113107351A CN 113107351 A CN113107351 A CN 113107351A CN 202010028641 A CN202010028641 A CN 202010028641A CN 113107351 A CN113107351 A CN 113107351A
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top drive
angle
torque
value
torsion
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CN113107351B (en
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尹文波
唐洪林
何洪涛
李联中
李子杰
赵波
王海斌
江正清
王建业
范寅聪
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China Petrochemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corp
Drilling Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corp
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Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corp
Drilling Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
    • E21B44/04—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the torque of the drive ; Measuring drilling torque
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency, which comprises the following steps: accurately controlling the top drive main shaft to rotate and swing the tool surface; accurately controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to a set angle value psi; according to the set forward torque value and the set reverse torque value, the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft is accurately controlled; and controlling the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time in the positive and negative bidirectional twisting process according to the set angle value or the torque value. The method comprehensively considers various working conditions of sliding guide, and can meet the requirements of the directional process of the wells with complex structures such as horizontal wells, extended reach wells and the like; meanwhile, the operability is strong, and the method is more practical. The field application shows that according to the method provided by the invention, the average friction resistance and torque in the sliding guide drilling process are reduced by more than 50 percent, the highest friction resistance and torque can reach 80 percent, the average mechanical drilling speed is improved by more than 30 percent, and the resistance reduction and speed increase effects are obvious; and has the advantages of low cost, high reliability and low risk.

Description

Top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum engineering drilling, in particular to a top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency.
Background
With the continuous progress of drilling technology and the need of oil and gas exploration and development, directional wells, horizontal wells and extended reach wells are drilled more and more. The sliding guide adopting a bent screw (or a bent joint) and a Measurement While Drilling (MWD) instrument is still the most common orientation mode at present, and the method is characterized in that under the condition that a drill string does not rotate, a drill bit is driven by a bottom hole power drilling tool to rotate to break rock, and the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of a well hole are changed through a sliding guide tool, so that the track of the well hole is controlled, but because the drill string does not rotate, static friction exists between the drill string and the well wall, the friction resistance value is high, the pressure is easy to support, and the defects of sliding drilling are more obvious along with the increase of the inclination angle and the horizontal displacement, and are mainly shown: (1) the drill bit is difficult to keep constant drilling pressure, so that the mechanical drilling speed is greatly reduced, the tool surface is unstable, and the sliding drilling track control effect is influenced; (2) in order to apply bit pressure to the drill bit, the driller needs to excessively release hook load, pumps are held due to improper operation, and the drill bit, the power drilling tool and the like are easily damaged; (3) the driller needs to frequently lift and lower the drilling tool, release the friction resistance and torque of the drilling tool, reorient the tool surface and reduce the sliding drilling efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, research on a method for controlling the resistance reduction and speed increase of the top drive bidirectional torsion drill string in sliding drilling is developed at home and abroad. By way of search, CN101466911A discloses an apparatus and method for swinging a drill string, which mainly comprises the following steps: (a) rotating the drill string in a first direction until a first extreme position is reached; (b) rotating the drill string in a second direction until a second limit is reached; the first and second limits are based on the amount of energy applied during rotation. The method is characterized in that applied energy values are respectively set in two rotation directions to control the swing amplitude of the drill string, and the energy value is related to two parameters of torque tau and swing angular speed omega according to an energy formula J ═ ω τ dt, so that the method for setting the energy value to swing the drill string is unscientific, and the resistance reducing effect is influenced. The publication No. CN106050216A discloses a top drive torsional pendulum resistance reduction method and device for improving sliding drilling efficiency, which elaborates a forward and reverse torque setting method and related device for controlling a top drive torsional pendulum drill string, does not mention functions of swinging a tool face, twisting an angle, correcting the tool face in torsional pendulum work and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirements of a sliding guide drilling process. Publication No. CN108227495A discloses a sliding guide drilling control system and control method with self-adaptability, which teaches how to control the rotation of the top drive in real time according to the difference between the designed tool face angle and the measured tool face angle of MWD to realize the self-adaptive adjustment of the downhole tool face angle in the sliding guide drilling, and does not mention the method of reducing drag and increasing speed by controlling the forward and reverse twisting of the drill string by the top drive.
The top drive control system and the method represented by the patent have single function and are difficult to meet the actual process requirements of sliding guide of horizontal wells, large-displacement wells and other wells with complex structures; and the control method is deviated from the theory, has a larger difference with the actual situation, and has poorer practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a top drive main shaft control method which has complete functions, is more efficient and practical and can improve the sliding guide drilling efficiency aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the positive torsion limit torque T of the top drive spindle according to the type of the drill columnPositive maxReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxSetting the maximum torque T of the drill string in no-load rotationNo load max；
The second step is that: the tool face is swung, the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive spindle is controlled according to a set angle value according to the difference value between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, and the tool face is adjusted to a proper angle;
the third step: after the tool surface is arranged, starting a winch to lower a drill column and simultaneously controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is not large, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values;
the fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the process of controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value and is larger than the designed tool surface, controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time;
the fifth step: and stopping the torsion of the top drive main shaft when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance value is low and the pressure supporting phenomenon does not exist.
The scheme further comprises the following steps:
the first step also comprises setting the surface speed v of the pendulum tool1Positive and negative bidirectional torsion speed v2。
Further, the pendulum tool face velocity v1Set to 3 rpm; controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsional velocity v of the top drive2The setting range of (1) is 5-15 rpm, and v is less when using more than 5' drill string, well deviation and horizontal displacement2Setting a lower limit value, and when a small-size drill string below 5' is used and the well depth and the horizontal displacement are large, v2And setting an upper limit value.
Drill string no-load rotation maximum torque TNo load maxThe setting method comprises the steps of lifting the drill stem 5-10 m away from the bottom of the well, and controlling the top drive main shaft to rotate at a torsional speed v2Rotating in the positive direction, and recording the maximum torque value of the top drive, namely TNo load max(ii) a Positive torsional limit torque TPositive maxLess than the torque T of the upper thread of the drill stringUpper buckleReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxLess than the drill string break-out torque TShackle(ii) a Positive torsion torque value TIs justLess than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxReverse torsional torque value TInverse directionRequiring less than reverse torsional limit torque TInverse max(ii) a When well deviation and horizontal displacement are small, TIs just＝TNo load max×0.4，TInverse direction＝TIs justX is 0.7; when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, TIs just＝TNo load max×(0.7～0.8)，TInverse direction＝TIs just×0.7。
The method for swinging the tool surface in the second step comprises the following steps: if the tool face θ is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2The angle theta of the tool surface of the pendulum is set to be theta > 20 DEG1-θ2If theta1＞θ2Then controlling the top drive spindle to rotate at a speed v1By a positive (clockwise) rotation angle theta if theta1＜θ2Then controlling the top drive spindle to rotate at a speed v1The angle theta is rotated reversely (counterclockwise), thereby precisely controlling the pendulum tool face.
Further, according to the drilling working condition and real drilling data analysis, the torsion angle value psi is initially set, and the top drive main shaft is controlled to be forward from the static stateThe rotation angle value psi is stopped, then the reverse rotation angle value 2 psi is stopped, then the forward rotation angle value 2 psi is stopped, so that the bidirectional torsion is always performed in the angle range of 2 psi until the stop, and the torsion speed is v2；
The real-time adjustment method of the torsion angle value psi comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the resistance constant, and increasing the torsion angle psi if the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is large and the pressure is still serious;
if the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2If the value is left and right floating around a certain value, the torsion angle value psi is reduced;
adjusting the torsion angle value psi in real time according to the adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
The third step is that the method of bidirectional torsion according to the positive and negative torque values comprises the following steps:
according to the measured no-load rotation maximum torque T of the drill columnNo load maxPreliminarily setting a forward torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionStarting to twist according to the torque value;
the top drive main shaft rotates forwards from the static state until the actual torque value reaches TIs justTop drive retard brake stop and then reverse until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionThe top drive is decelerated and the brake is stopped and then rotates forwards again, so that the top drive is at TIs just、TInverse directionThe positive and negative two-way torsion is within the range of torque value, the torsion speed is v2；
Positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionThe real-time adjustment method comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the torque value T unchanged, increasing the friction resistance value between the drill column and the well wall and keeping the pressure on the drill column and the well wall still serious, and simultaneously increasing the positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increases along the positive rotation direction, and then decreases the positive torsion torque value TIs justOr increase inReverse torsion torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increasing in the reverse direction, decreasing the reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionOr increasing the value of the positive torsion torque TIs just；
If the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2Floating around a certain value, the positive torsion torque value T is reducedIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
Adjusting the forward torsion torque value T in real time according to the adjusting methodIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionUntil the measured tool face angle θ2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
In the fourth step, in the process of bidirectional torsion according to a set angle value or a positive and negative torque value, the tool surface drifts, if the tool surface theta is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2If the angle is more than 20 degrees, controlling the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;
in the twisting process according to the set angle value psi, the step of correcting the tool face is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to a set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate forwards by an angle alpha, stops rotating reversely by an angle alpha of 2 psi, rotates forwards by 2 psi again, rotates reversely by 2 psi again, and twists within the angle range of 2 psi all the time;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to a set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate forwards by an angle alpha, stops rotating reversely by an angle alpha of 2 psi, rotates forwards by 2 psi, rotates reversely by 2 psi and twists within the angle range of 2 psi;
in the twisting process according to the set torque value, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft is rotated to the set positionTorque value TIs justStopping after the forward rotation angle alpha is continued, and then reversely rotating until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justContinue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a positive torque value TIs justStopping after continuing to rotate forward by the angle alpha and then reversely rotating to the reverse torque value TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justThus, continue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
correcting the tool face in real time according to the above adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2|≤20°。
Further, when adjusting the face angle, bi-directionally twisting according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values, or modifying the face during twisting, the positive torque value TIs justTorque not less than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxOr reverse torque value TInverse directionTorque not less than reverse torsion limit torque TInverse maxAnd when the top drive is started, the top drive is immediately decelerated and stopped and braked.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprehensively considers various working conditions of sliding guide, has various functions of accurately controlling tool surface swinging, bidirectional torsion according to angle, bidirectional torsion according to torque, real-time correction of the tool surface in the process of torsion according to angle or torque and the like, and meets the requirements of the sliding orientation process of complex structural wells such as extended reach wells, horizontal wells and the like; meanwhile, the control method is strong in operability and more practical. According to the control method, the field application shows that the average friction resistance and torque in the sliding guide drilling process are reduced by more than 50 percent, the highest friction resistance and torque can reach 80 percent, the average mechanical drilling speed is improved by more than 30 percent, and the resistance reduction and speed increase effects are obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top drive spindle bi-directional torsion control system human-computer interaction interface based on the control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The working principle of the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the sliding guide process, the control method controls the bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to a set angle or a forward and reverse torque value, and the top drive main shaft drives the drill string to be bidirectionally twisted, so that the static friction between the drill string and the well wall is changed into dynamic friction, and the friction resistance is greatly reduced; by setting the angle, the top drive rotary pendulum tool surface can be accurately controlled, the tool surface can be accurately corrected in the twisting process, and the sliding guide drilling efficiency is greatly improved.
According to the working principle, the invention provides a top drive spindle control method for improving the sliding guide drilling efficiency, which comprises the following four functions: accurately controlling the top drive main shaft to rotate and swing the tool surface; accurately controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to a set angle value psi; at a positive torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionThe positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft is accurately controlled; and controlling the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time in the bidirectional twisting process according to the set angle value or the torque value.
Example 1:
in order to realize the functions, the top drive spindle control method for improving the sliding guide drilling efficiency comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the positive torsion limit torque T of the top drive spindle according to the type of the drill columnPositive maxReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxSetting the maximum torque T of the drill string in no-load rotationNo load max；
The second step is that: the tool face is swung, the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive spindle is controlled according to a set angle value according to the difference value between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, and the tool face is adjusted to a proper angle;
the third step: after the tool surface is arranged, starting a winch to lower a drill column and simultaneously controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is not large, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values;
the fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the process of controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value and is larger than the designed tool surface, controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time;
the fifth step: and stopping the torsion of the top drive main shaft when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance value is low and the pressure supporting phenomenon does not exist.
Wherein:
the first step also comprises setting the surface speed v of the pendulum tool1Positive and negative bidirectional torsion speed v2。
Further, the pendulum tool face velocity v1Set to 3 rpm; controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsional velocity v of the top drive2The setting range of (1) is 5-15 rpm, and v is less when using more than 5' drill string, well deviation and horizontal displacement2Setting a lower limit value, and when a small-size drill string below 5' is used and the well depth and the horizontal displacement are large, v2And setting an upper limit value.
Drill string no-load rotation maximum torque TNo load maxThe setting method comprises the steps of lifting the drill stem 5-10 m away from the bottom of the well, and controlling the top drive main shaft to rotate at a torsional speed v2Rotating in the positive direction, and recording the maximum torque value of the top drive, namely TNo load max(ii) a Positive torsional limit torque TPositive maxLess than the torque T of the upper thread of the drill stringUpper buckleReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxLess than the drill string break-out torque TShackle(ii) a Positive torsion torque value TIs justLess than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxReverse torsional torque value TInverse directionRequiring less than reverse torsional limit torque TInverse max(ii) a When well deviation and horizontal displacement are small, TIs just＝TNo load max×0.4，TInverse direction＝TIs justX is 0.7; when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, TIs just＝TNo load max×(0.7～0.8)，TInverse direction＝TIs just×0.7。
The method for swinging the tool surface in the second step comprises the following steps: if the tool face θ is designed1And the measured tool faceθ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2The angle theta of the tool surface of the pendulum is set to be theta > 20 DEG1-θ2If theta1＞θ2Then controlling the top drive spindle to rotate at a speed v1By a positive (clockwise) rotation angle theta if theta1＜θ2Then controlling the top drive spindle to rotate at a speed v1The angle theta is rotated reversely (counterclockwise), thereby precisely controlling the pendulum tool face.
Further, according to the drilling working condition and real drilling data analysis, a torsion angle value psi is set initially, the top drive main shaft is controlled to stop at the positive rotation angle value psi from the beginning of rest, then stop at the negative rotation angle value 2 psi, and then stop at the positive rotation angle value 2 psi, so that the top drive main shaft can be twisted in the positive and negative directions within the angle range of 2 psi until the top drive main shaft stops, and the torsion speed is v until the top drive main shaft stops2；
The real-time adjustment method of the torsion angle value psi comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the resistance constant, and increasing the torsion angle psi if the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is large and the pressure is still serious;
if the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2If the value is left and right floating around a certain value, the torsion angle value psi is reduced;
adjusting the torsion angle value psi in real time according to the adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
The third step is that the method of bidirectional torsion according to the positive and negative torque values comprises the following steps:
according to the measured no-load rotation maximum torque T of the drill columnNo load maxPreliminarily setting a forward torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionStarting to twist according to the torque value;
the top drive main shaft rotates forwards from the static state until the actual torque value reaches TIs justTop drive retard brake stop and then reverse until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionThe top drive is decelerated and the brake is stopped and then rotates forwards again, so that the top drive is at TIs just、TInverse directionPositive and negative bidirectional torsion within the range of torque valueAt a rotational speed v2；
Positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionThe real-time adjustment method comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the torque value T unchanged, increasing the friction resistance value between the drill column and the well wall and keeping the pressure on the drill column and the well wall still serious, and simultaneously increasing the positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increases along the positive rotation direction, and then decreases the positive torsion torque value TIs justOr increase the reverse torsion torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increasing in the reverse direction, decreasing the reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionOr increasing the value of the positive torsion torque TIs just；
If the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2Floating around a certain value, the positive torsion torque value T is reducedIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
Adjusting the forward torsion torque value T in real time according to the adjusting methodIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionUntil the measured tool face angle θ2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
In the fourth step, in the process of bidirectional torsion according to a set angle value or a positive and negative torque value, the tool surface drifts, if the tool surface theta is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2If the angle is more than 20 degrees, controlling the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;
in the twisting process according to the set angle value psi, the step of correcting the tool face is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to a set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate forwards by an angle alpha, stops rotating reversely by an angle alpha of 2 psi, rotates forwards by 2 psi again, rotates reversely by 2 psi again, and twists within the angle range of 2 psi all the time;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to a set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate forwards by an angle alpha, stops rotating reversely by an angle alpha of 2 psi, rotates forwards by 2 psi, rotates reversely by 2 psi and twists within the angle range of 2 psi;
in the twisting process according to the set torque value, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a set torque value TIs justStopping after the forward rotation angle alpha is continued, and then reversely rotating until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justContinue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a positive torque value TIs justStopping after continuing to rotate forward by the angle alpha and then reversely rotating to the reverse torque value TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justThus, continue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
correcting the tool face in real time according to the above adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2|≤20°。
Further, when adjusting the face angle, bi-directionally twisting according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values, or modifying the face during twisting, the positive torque value TIs justTorque not less than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxOr reverse torque value TInverse directionTorque not less than reverse torsion limit torque TInverse maxAnd when the top drive is started, the top drive is immediately decelerated and stopped and braked.
Example 2:
a top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the positive torsion limit torque T of the top drive spindle according to the type of the drill columnPositive maxReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxSetting the maximum torque T of the drill string in no-load rotationNo load max；
The second step is that: the tool face is swung, the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive spindle is controlled according to a set angle value according to the difference value between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, and the tool face is adjusted to a proper angle;
the third step: after the tool surface is arranged, starting a winch to lower a drill column and simultaneously controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is not large, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values;
the fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the process of controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value and is larger than the designed tool surface, controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time;
the fifth step: and stopping the torsion of the top drive main shaft when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance value is low and the pressure supporting phenomenon does not exist.
Wherein:
setting pendulum tool face velocity v1Positive and negative bidirectional torsion speed v2；
Setting a forward torsion limit torque TPositive maxReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxMaximum torque T of drill string in idle rotationNo load max。
Generally, the top drive spindle rotary pendulum tool face velocity v is controlled1Set to 3 rpm;
controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsional speed v of the top drive spindle2The setting range of (a) is generally 5-15 rpm, and v is less when using more than 5' drill string, well deviation and horizontal displacement2Setting a lower limit value, using 27/8 'and 31/2' small-size drill strings, when the well depth and the horizontal displacement are larger, v2And setting an upper limit value.
Drill string no-load rotation maximum torque TNo load maxThe setting method comprises the steps that the distance between the drill stem and the bottom of the well is 5-10 m, and the top drive main shaft rotates at the torsional speed v2Rotating in the positive direction, and recording the maximum torque value of the top drive, namely TNo load max；
Positive torsional limit torque TPositive maxLess than the torque T of the drill stringUpper buckleReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxLess than the drill string break-out torque TShackle. And the torque value of the shackle on the drill string is obtained by checking a drill string manual according to the specification and the model of the drill string.
Positive torsion torque value TIs justIs less than the forward torsion limit torque TPositive maxReverse torsional torque value TInverse directionIs less than the reverse torsion limit torque TInverse max。
Generally, T is the time when well deviation and horizontal displacement are smallIs just＝TNo load max×0.4，TInverse direction＝TIs justX is 0.7; when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, TIs just＝TNo load max×(0.7～0.8)，TInverse direction＝TIs just×0.7。
Generally, if the tool face θ is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2The angle theta of the tool surface of the pendulum is set to be theta > 20 DEG1-θ2If theta1＞θ2Controlling the top drive spindle to rotate by a positive (clockwise) rotation angle theta, and if theta is greater than theta1＜θ2And controlling the top drive spindle to rotate reversely (anticlockwise) by the angle theta so as to accurately control the swing tool face.
The method for controlling the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive spindle according to the set angle psi comprises the following steps:
according to the drilling working condition and real drilling data analysis, the angle psi is set initially, the top drive main shaft is controlled to stop at the forward rotation angle psi from rest, then stop at the reverse rotation angle 2 psi, and then stop at the forward rotation angle 2 psi, so that the forward and reverse torsion are carried out within the angle range of 2 psi until the stop, and the forward and reverse torsion speed is v2。
The torsion angle value psi can be adjusted in real time according to the following adjustment principle:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the resistance constant, and if the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is large and the pressure is still serious, increasing the torsion angle psi;
if the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2Floating around a certain value, it is necessary toThe torsion angle value ψ is reduced.
According to the above-mentioned adjustment method, until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The | < 20 degrees, the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is greatly reduced, and the sliding guide drilling efficiency is greatly improved.
The method for accurately controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive spindle according to the set torque value comprises the following steps:
according to the measured no-load rotation maximum torque T of the drill columnNo load maxPreliminarily setting a forward torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionStarting to twist according to the torque value;
the top drive main shaft rotates forwards from the static state until the actual torque value reaches TIs justTop drive retard brake stop and then reverse until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionThe top drive decelerates and stops, then rotates forwards again, thus the electric turntable or the top drive is at TIs just、TInverse directionTwisting forward and reverse within the torque value range until stopping, and the forward and reverse twisting speed is v2。
Positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionThe method can be adjusted in real time, and comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2If the resistance value of the drill string and the well wall is large and the pressure is still serious, the positive torsion torque value T needs to be increased at the same timeIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increasing in the forward direction, the forward torsion torque value T is decreasedIs justOr increase the reverse torsion torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Increasing gradually in the reverse direction, the reverse torque value T is decreasedInverse directionOr increasing the value of the positive torsion torque TIs just；
If the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2Floating around a certain value, the forward torsion torque value T needs to be reduced at the same timeIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction。
According to the above-mentioned adjustment method, until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The | < 20 degrees, the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is greatly reduced, and the sliding guide drilling efficiency is greatly improved.
If theta is greater than or equal to the set angle value or torque value in the positive and negative two-way twisting process1-θ2If the angle is more than 20 degrees, the real-time correction of the tool surface by the top drive spindle needs to be controlled, and the specific correction method is as follows:
in the twisting process according to the set angle value psi, the step of correcting the tool face is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to the set angle psi, the forward rotation angle alpha is continuously stopped, then the top drive main shaft rotates reversely, the reverse rotation angle is 2 psi, then the top drive main shaft rotates forwards again by 2 psi, rotates reversely by 2 psi, and then twists in the angle range of 2 psi all the time.
If theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to the set angle psi, the forward rotation angle alpha is stopped, then the main shaft rotates reversely, the reverse rotation angle is 2 psi, then the main shaft rotates forwards by 2 psi, rotates reversely by 2 psi, and then twists in the angle range of 2 psi all the time.
In the twisting process according to the set torque value, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a set torque value TIs justStopping after the forward rotation angle alpha is continued, and then reversely rotating until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justThen continue at TIs just、TInverse directionTwisting within a range of torque values.
If theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a positive torque value TIs justStopping after continuing to rotate forward by the angle alpha and then reversely rotating to the reverse torque value TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justThen is coming toThus continuing at TIs just、TInverse directionTwisting within a range of torque values.
When the tool face angle is adjusted, the tool face is twisted according to the set angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, or the tool face is corrected in the twisting process, when the forward torque value T isIs justTorque not less than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxOr reverse torque value TInverse directionTorque not less than reverse torsion limit torque TInverse maxAnd when the top drive is started, the top drive is immediately decelerated and stopped and braked.
Example 3:
referring to the process flow diagram of the top drive spindle control method of figure 1. The specific implementation flow is as follows:
the first step is as follows: setting system parameters, namely setting limit torque of left and right torsion of a top drive main shaft according to the type of a drill column, and setting a reduction ratio according to the structure of a top drive gear box;
the second step is that: the tool face is arranged, and the top drive is controlled to rotate according to the difference value between the designed tool face and the actual tool face so as to adjust the tool face to a proper angle;
the third step: after the tool face is arranged, the winch is started to lower the drill column, and meanwhile the top drive main shaft is controlled to be twisted in two directions. When the well depth or the horizontal displacement is not large, the torsion is suggested according to the set angle value; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well can be twisted in two directions according to the angle or the positive and negative torque values;
the fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the twisting process according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values and is larger than the designed tool surface, the tool surface is corrected in real time;
the fifth step: and stopping the torsion operation of the top drive main shaft when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance value is low and the pressure supporting phenomenon does not exist.
Fig. 2 is a top drive spindle bidirectional torsion control system human-computer interaction interface based on the top drive spindle control method of the present invention, which mainly includes functions of swinging a tool face, torsion, angle torsion, and correcting the tool face by torsion impact during torsion. The specific control method is explained as follows:
tool surface swinging: the tool face is a prerequisite for accurate guidance according to the design of drilling engineering, and is a necessary step for orientation. Ratio ofE.g. in orienting a well section, the tool face theta is designed1If the tool surface is theta under 90 DEG2At 30 °, θ ═ θ1-θ260 ° > 20 °, and θ1＞θ2Then, the rotation angle of the top drive main shaft in the forward direction (clockwise) needs to be controlled to be 60 degrees, the angle is set to be 60 degrees in the column of the tool face swinging device shown in the attached drawing 1, and then the forward rotation button is pressed to control the system to act to swing the tool face to 90 degrees.
Twisting according to a set torque value: in the actual orientation process of a certain well, when the well depth is 2637 meters and the well deflection is 60.4 degrees, the sliding orientation friction resistance is 12-16 tons, the friction resistance is high, and the pressure is serious. At the moment, in the torque torsion column of the attached figure 1, the left-hand torque is set to be 1600N.m, the right-hand torque is set to be 2300N.m, a 'torsion start' button is clicked, the drill string is controlled to be twisted in two directions according to the set left-right torque value, the friction resistance is reduced to be within 4 tons after the torsion, and the resistance reduction effect is obvious. When the twisting action needs to be finished, the twisting finishing button is clicked.
Twisting according to a set angle value: in the actual orientation process of a certain well, when the well depth is 2892 meters and the well deflection is 63.5 degrees, the sliding orientation friction resistance is 24 tons, the friction resistance is higher, and the pressure supporting is serious. At the moment, in the column of angle torsion of the attached drawing 1, a rotation angle is set to be 500 degrees, a 'torsion start' button is clicked, the drill string is controlled to be twisted in two directions according to a set angle value, the total left-right torsion amplitude is 1000 degrees, the friction resistance is reduced to 4.5 tons after the angle torsion is implemented, and the resistance reduction effect is obvious. When the twisting action needs to be finished, the twisting finishing button is clicked.
Torsional impact: during the process of bidirectional twisting according to the set torque value or angle value, if the actual tool surface theta2Offset from design tool plane θ1When larger, the tool face needs to be corrected by torsional impact. For example, the measured tool face is theta during torque torsion20 °, design tool face θ190 ° because of θ1>θ2In the column of the torsional impact, the impact angle is set to be theta ═ theta1-θ2And (4) clicking a 'tool face correction' button to control the action of the top drive spindle to correct the tool face.
The above embodiments further describe the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be noted that the control method of the top drive spindle according to the present invention is also applicable to the electric turntable, and the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the positive torsion limit torque T of the top drive spindle according to the type of the drill columnPositive maxReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxSetting the maximum torque T of the drill string in no-load rotationNo load max；
The second step is that: the tool face is swung, the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive spindle is controlled according to a set angle value according to the difference value between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, and the tool face is adjusted to a proper angle;
the third step: after the tool surface is arranged, starting a winch to lower a drill column and simultaneously controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is not large, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well is twisted in two directions according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values;
the fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the process of controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value and is larger than the designed tool surface, controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time;
the fifth step: and stopping the torsion of the top drive main shaft when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance value is low and the pressure supporting phenomenon does not exist.
2. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the first step further comprises setting the pendulum tool face velocity v1Positive and negative bidirectional torsion speed v2。
3. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 2, wherein: velocity v of the pendulum tool face1Set to 3 rpm; controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsional velocity v of the top drive2The setting range of (1) is 5-15 rpm, and v is less when using more than 5' drill string, well deviation and horizontal displacement2Setting a lower limit value, and when a small-size drill string below 5' is used and the well depth and the horizontal displacement are large, v2And setting an upper limit value.
4. A top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency as set forth in claim 3, wherein: drill string no-load rotation maximum torque TNo load maxThe setting method comprises the steps of lifting the drill stem 5-10 m away from the bottom of the well, and controlling the top drive main shaft to rotate at a torsional speed v2Rotating in the positive direction, and recording the maximum torque value of the top drive, namely TNo load max(ii) a Positive torsional limit torque TPositive maxLess than the torque T of the upper thread of the drill stringUpper buckleReverse torsional limit torque TInverse maxLess than the drill string break-out torque TShackle(ii) a Positive torsion torque value TIs justLess than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxReverse torsional torque value TInverse directionRequiring less than reverse torsional limit torque TInverse max(ii) a When well deviation and horizontal displacement are small, TIs just＝TNo load max×0.4，TInverse direction＝TIs justX is 0.7; when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, TIs just＝TNo load max×(0.7～0.8)，TInverse direction＝TIs just×0.7。
5. A top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said second step swing toolface method is: if the tool face θ is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2The angle theta of the tool surface of the pendulum is set to be theta > 20 DEG1-θ2If theta1＞θ2Then controlling the top drive spindle to rotate at a speed v1By a positive (clockwise) rotation angle theta if theta1＜θ2Then control the top driveSpindle speed v1The angle theta is rotated reversely (counterclockwise), thereby precisely controlling the pendulum tool face.
6. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 5, wherein:
according to the drilling working condition and real drilling data analysis, a torsion angle value psi is initially set, the top drive main shaft is controlled to stop rotating at the positive direction angle value psi from a static state, then stop rotating at the negative direction angle value 2 psi, and then rotate at the positive direction angle value 2 psi, so that the top drive main shaft can be positively and negatively twisted within the angle range of 2 psi until the top drive main shaft stops rotating, and the torsion speed is v2；
The real-time adjustment method of the torsion angle value psi comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the resistance constant, and increasing the torsion angle psi if the friction resistance between the drill column and the well wall is large and the pressure is still serious;
if the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2If the value is left and right floating around a certain value, the torsion angle value psi is reduced;
adjusting the torsion angle value psi in real time according to the adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
7. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 6, wherein: the third step is that the method of bidirectional torsion according to the positive and negative torque values comprises the following steps:
according to the measured no-load rotation maximum torque T of the drill columnNo load maxPreliminarily setting a forward torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionStarting to twist according to the torque value;
the top drive main shaft rotates forwards from the static state until the actual torque value reaches TIs justTop drive retard brake stop and then reverse until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionThe top drive is decelerated and the brake is stopped and then rotates forwards again, so that the top drive is at TIs just、TInverse directionPositive and negative within a range of torque valuesBidirectional torsion with a torsional velocity v2；
Positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionThe real-time adjustment method comprises the following steps:
if the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Keeping the torque value T unchanged, increasing the friction resistance value between the drill column and the well wall and keeping the pressure on the drill column and the well wall still serious, and simultaneously increasing the positive torsion torque value TIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increases along the positive rotation direction, and then decreases the positive torsion torque value TIs justOr increase the reverse torsion torque value TInverse direction；
If the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Gradually increasing in the reverse direction, decreasing the reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionOr increasing the value of the positive torsion torque TIs just；
If the downhole actual measurement tool face angle theta2Floating around a certain value, the positive torsion torque value T is reducedIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse direction；
Adjusting the forward torsion torque value T in real time according to the adjusting methodIs justAnd reverse torsional torque value TInverse directionUntil the measured tool face angle θ2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2The angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced.
8. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 7, wherein: and fourthly, in the process of bidirectional torsion according to the set angle value or the positive and negative torque values, the tool surface drifts, if the tool surface theta is designed1With measured tool face θ2Absolute value of difference | θ1-θ2If the angle is more than 20 degrees, controlling the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;
in the twisting process according to the set angle value psi, the step of correcting the tool face is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft rotates to the set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate positivelyThe angle alpha is stopped, then the rotation is carried out, the reverse rotation angle is 2 psi, then the rotation is carried out again by 2 psi, and the torsion is always within the angle range of 2 psi;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft rotates forwards to a set angle psi, the top drive main shaft continues to rotate forwards by an angle alpha, stops rotating reversely by an angle alpha of 2 psi, rotates forwards by 2 psi, rotates reversely by 2 psi and twists within the angle range of 2 psi;
in the twisting process according to the set torque value, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:
if theta1＞θ2Then, the correction tool face angle α is set to θ1-θ2When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a set torque value TIs justStopping after the forward rotation angle alpha is continued, and then reversely rotating until the reverse torque value reaches TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justContinue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
if theta1＜θ2If the correction tool face angle α is 360- (θ)2-θ1) When the top drive main shaft is positively rotated to a positive torque value TIs justStopping after continuing to rotate forward by the angle alpha and then reversely rotating to the reverse torque value TInverse directionStopping and then positively rotating to a positive torque value to reach TIs justThus, continue at TIs just、TInverse directionTorsion within a range of torque values;
correcting the tool face in real time according to the above adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured2Maintained unchanged, | θ1-θ2|≤20°。
9. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 8, wherein: when adjusting the face angle, bidirectionally twisting according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values, or correcting the face of the tool during twisting, when the positive torque value TIs justTorque not less than positive torsion limit torque TPositive maxOr reverse torque value TInverse directionTorque not less than reverse torsion limit torque TInverse maxWhen the top drive is immediately decelerated and stoppedAnd (7) braking.
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