CN113106310A - High-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum scandium Chemical compound [Al].[Sc] LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing. The high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-8 wt% of Cu, 0.1-0.7 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of copper mold casting, double homogenization treatment, multi-pass rolling, multi-stage aging heat treatment and the like, wherein the multi-pass is 3-10 passes, and the multi-stage aging is two-stage or three-stage aging; the alloy preparation method provided by the invention improves the strength of the wrought aluminum alloy and solves the problem of poor heat resistance of the wrought aluminum alloy; the high-strength heat-resistant deformation aluminum alloy provided by the invention has higher yield strength and tensile strength under both room temperature and high temperature conditions; the aging heat treatment time is short, the process is simple, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Among light alloys, aluminum-copper alloys, which are important structural materials, have the characteristics of small density, high strength, excellent processability and the like, are widely applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like, and are mainly used as structural members for bearing large loads. The aluminum-copper alloy has higher working temperature and complex stress condition under certain use conditions. Therefore, it is required to have high strength at room temperature and high temperature. However, the wrought alloy is susceptible to recovery and dynamic recrystallization during heat treatment, reducing the strength of the alloy. In addition, the aluminum-copper alloy is mainly reinforced with Al2The thermal stability of Cu is poor, and coarsening is easy to occur in a high-temperature environment, so that the service temperature of the wrought aluminum-copper alloy is generally lower than 200 ℃. In addition, although the wrought aluminum alloy prepared by the large plastic deformation methods such as high-pressure torsion, equal channel diameter and angle extrusion, cumulative pack rolling and the like has high strength, the prepared sample has small size and high production cost.
Therefore, how to improve the room-temperature mechanical property, the high-temperature strength and the service temperature of the aluminum-copper alloy and save the aging heat treatment time by controlling the production cost and simplifying the production process is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the composition comprises the following components: 1-8 wt% of Cu, 0.1-0.7 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum at the temperature of 700-800 ℃ in a resistance furnace, sequentially adding an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy and an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy, adjusting the temperature to the temperature of 650-720 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, preserving the temperature for 10-40 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 3-8 hours in a heat treatment furnace at 400-20 ℃/min, heating to 600 ℃ at 550-20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1-5 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 3-10 times of rolling the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 60-95%, so as to obtain a rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(4) and (4) performing multistage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), wherein the multistage aging is secondary aging or tertiary aging.
Further, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy in the step (1) is Al-50 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-30 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-42 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy.
Further, the aluminum-scandium master alloy in the step (1) is Al-1.96 wt% Sc master alloy or Al-2.5 wt% Sc master alloy or Al-2 wt% Sc master alloy.
Further, the double homogenization treatment in step (2): keeping the temperature at 460 ℃ for 4-6 hours in a heat treatment furnace at 440-20 ℃/min, heating to 600 ℃ at 570-4 ℃ and carrying out water quenching after keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment.
Further, the double homogenization treatment in step (2): and (3) preserving heat for 5 hours at 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment.
Further, in the step (3), 4-pass rolling is carried out at room temperature, and the total reduction of the sample is 80%.
Further, the secondary aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (4) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 5-20 hours at the temperature of 80-150 ℃, then raising the temperature to 160 ℃ at the heating speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 20-120 minutes.
Further, the secondary aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (4) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 10 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 35 minutes.
Further, the three-stage aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (3) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 5-20 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, heating the sample to 160 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10-60min, heating the sample to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-15 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 15-60 min.
Further, the three-stage aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (3) preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 110-.
The aluminum alloy plate produced by the method of the invention mainly has the following advantages:
the preparation method of the low scandium content wrought aluminum-copper alloy plate provided by the invention is simple, low in cost, good in repeatability, suitable for preparation of large-size wrought plates, simple in process, high in production efficiency, and beneficial to improvement of room temperature strength and high temperature strength of aluminum-copper alloy, and has the following specific advantages:
(1) the invention adopts the copper mold with higher cooling speed for casting, and the obtained fine cast structure is beneficial to the subsequent homogenization treatment.
(2) The invention adopts double homogenization heat treatment, so that copper element and scandium element can be fully dissolved in the matrix.
(3) The invention adds trace scandium element to carry out micro-alloying on the aluminum-copper alloy, refines matrix grains, promotes the precipitation of a strengthening phase and forms Al with high thermal stability3Sc as a second phase, scandium as an element for strengthening Al2Segregation and inhibition of Cu phase interfaceThe strengthening phase is coarsened in a high-temperature environment, and meanwhile, the room-temperature rolling process is combined, so that the strength of the wrought aluminum-copper alloy is improved, the problem of poor heat resistance of the wrought aluminum-copper alloy is solved, the high-angle crystal boundary proportion of the rolled wrought alloy is improved, the high-temperature coarsening of matrix grains and the strengthening phase can be effectively inhibited, the heat resistance is improved, the strength of the wrought aluminum-copper alloy is improved, and the problem of poor heat resistance of the wrought aluminum-copper alloy is solved.
(4) The invention adopts a multi-pass room temperature rolling process, and can effectively improve the strength of the aluminum-copper alloy. Compared with large plastic deformation methods such as high-pressure torsion, equal channel diameter and angle extrusion, accumulative pack rolling and the like, the process method is simple, low in cost, good in repeatability and suitable for industrial large-scale production.
(5) Compared with single-stage low-temperature aging (longer time) and single-stage high-temperature aging (lower alloy strength), the invention adopts a multi-stage heat treatment process, can realize the rapid formation of a second phase, can effectively regulate and control the distribution of precipitated phases, inhibits the coarsening and dissolution of the precipitated phases at high temperature, improves the room-temperature strength and the high-temperature strength of the alloy, and can save the aging heat treatment time.
(6) The method for synthesizing the aluminum-copper alloy is simple, low in cost and good in repeatability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of engineering stress versus engineering strain at 300 ℃ for the alloys finally obtained in example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, 3.5 wt% of Cu, 0.47 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurity content and the balance of Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, then heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing secondary aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate for 10 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 35 minutes, and performing air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, 3.4 wt% of Cu, 0.30 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurity content and the balance of Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu aluminum intermediate alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc aluminum intermediate alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing secondary aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate for 10 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 35 minutes, and performing air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, 3.4 wt% of Cu, 0.11 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurity content and the balance of Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing secondary aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate for 10 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 35 minutes, and performing air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc aluminum alloy.
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant Al-5.1Cu-0.23Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percent, Cu is 5.1 wt%, Sc is 0.23 wt%, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-42 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-2 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: preserving heat for 6 hours at 480 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, rapidly heating to 575 ℃ at the heating speed of 6-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain an aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) carrying out 8-pass rolling on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 75%, and obtaining a rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(4) and (4) carrying out three-stage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly, keeping the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate at 130 ℃ for 8 hours, heating to 160 ℃ at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 20 minutes, then heating to 180 ℃ at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and air-cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-5.1Cu-0.23Sc aluminum alloy.
Example 5
The preparation method of the high-strength heat-resistant Al-1.6Cu-0.15Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percent, 1.6 wt% of Cu, 0.15 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurity content and the balance of Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-30 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-2.5 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature in a heat treatment furnace at 440 ℃ for 4 hours, rapidly heating to 595 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain an aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) carrying out 5-pass rolling on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 90%, so as to obtain a rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(4) and (4) carrying out three-stage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly, keeping the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate at 100 ℃ for 8 hours, then, heating the rolled aluminum alloy plate to 130 ℃ along with the furnace at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then, heating the rolled aluminum alloy plate to 150 ℃ at a heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and carrying out air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-1.6Cu-0.15Sc aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the deformed Al-3.3Cu aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, the content of Cu is 3.3wt percent, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt percent, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, preserving heat for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing single-stage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), firstly preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate at 120 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating the rolled aluminum alloy plate to 150 ℃ along with the furnace at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 35 minutes, and air-cooling to obtain the Al-3.3Cu aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the deformed Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, the Cu is 3.5wt percent, the Sc is 0.47wt percent, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt percent, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) and (3) rolling the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) for 4 times at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and obtaining the rolled Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the deformed Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, the Cu is 3.4wt percent, the Sc is 0.30wt percent, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt percent, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) and (3) rolling the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) for 4 times at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and obtaining the rolled Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the deformed Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, the Cu is 3.4wt percent, the Sc is 0.30wt percent, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt percent, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing single-stage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate at 120 ℃ for 20 hours, and performing air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the deformed Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc aluminum alloy (according to the mass percentage, the Cu is 3.4wt percent, the Sc is 0.11wt percent, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2wt percent, and the balance is Al) comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum in a resistance furnace at 750 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50 wt% of Cu intermediate aluminum alloy and Al-1.96 wt% of Sc intermediate aluminum alloy, adjusting the temperature to 680-700 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature of 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace for 5 hours, quickly heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 4-pass rolling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, the total reduction of the sample is 80%, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate is obtained;
(4) and (4) performing single-stage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate at 120 ℃ for 20 hours, and performing air cooling to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc aluminum alloy.
Table 1 illustrates the comparison of the room temperature properties of the alloys finally obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5: the comparison of the room temperature properties of the alloys finally obtained according to examples 2 and 3 and comparative examples 4 and 5 shows that: the result shows that the addition of scandium can obviously improve the room-temperature mechanical strength of the aluminum-copper alloy; compared with a single rolling process, the multistage aging process can obviously improve the mechanical property of the alloyEnergy is saved; compared with single-stage low-temperature aging, the multi-stage aging process can improve the alloy strength and shorten the heat treatment time while not sacrificing the alloy plasticity, and in the multi-stage aging process, the aging times are not as high as possible, and have correlation with the conditions of metal component processing, homogenization treatment process, rolling process, aging temperature, time and the like; the invention can obtain alloy material with better plasticity and strength under the condition of shortening the aging treatment time. Table 2 shows the results of the experiments conducted at a high temperature of 300 ℃ with respect to the alloy at 10-3s-1The strain rate of the scandium-containing alloy is subjected to high-temperature performance stretching, and the mechanical properties of the alloys finally obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are compared, and the result shows that the scandium element can also obviously improve the high-temperature mechanical strength of the aluminum-copper alloy; the engineering stress-engineering strain curve of the alloy at 300 ℃ shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification shows that the alloy is 10 ℃ at 300 DEG C-3s-1Compared with the non-aging rolled alloy, the invention has the advantages that the plasticity of the alloy is not reduced, and simultaneously, the alloy has better high-temperature mechanical strength by the multi-stage aging alloy process; to sum up: the scandium-containing aluminum-copper alloy plate prepared by the invention has good mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature. According to the Web of Science website, the "effects of Sc and Zr additives on the microstructure/structure of Al-Cu binary alloys", Materials Science and engineering A707 (2017)58-64, Thomas Dorin et Al report an Al-4Cu-0.2Sc aluminum alloy prepared by hot extrusion-solution-aging, the room temperature yield strength and tensile strength of the Al-4Cu-0.2Sc aluminum alloy are-195 MPa and-284 MPa respectively, the mechanical strength is much lower than the room temperature yield and tensile strength of the alloys prepared by examples 1-3 of the present invention, moreover, in the case that the contents of Cu and Sc in example 3 of the present invention are smaller than those disclosed in the above documents, the room temperature yield and the tensile strength are respectively superior to those of the above documents, therefore, compared with the prior art, the scandium-containing aluminum copper alloy plate mechanical property is improved by the technical scheme adopted by the application.The performance has an important role.
TABLE 1 comparison of the room temperature Properties of the final alloys obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5
| Serial number | Alloy composition (wt%) | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa |
| Examples 1 | Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc | 373 | 405 |
| EXAMPLES example 2 | Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc | 359 | 382 |
| EXAMPLE 3 | Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc | 335 | 371 |
| Comparative example 1 | Al-3.3Cu | 301 | 335 |
| Comparative example 2 | Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc | 327 | 343 |
| Comparative example 3 | Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc | 328 | 339 |
| Comparative example 4 | Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc | 337 | 372 |
| Comparative example 5 | Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc | 315 | 357 |
TABLE 2 comparison of the mechanical properties at 300 ℃ of the alloys finally obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 (at 10 ℃)-3s-1Strain rate of (2) for high temperature performance stretching)
| Serial number | Alloy composition (wt%) | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa |
| Examples 1 | Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc | 79 | 108 |
| EXAMPLES example 2 | Al-3.4Cu-0.30Sc | 77 | 106 |
| EXAMPLE 3 | Al-3.4Cu-0.11Sc | 76 | 102 |
| Comparative example 1 | Al-3.3Cu | 46 | 72 |
| Comparative example 2 | Al-3.5Cu-0.47Sc | 68 | 96 |
| Comparative example 3 | Al-3.4Cu-0.30 |
60 | 95 |
Claims (10)
1. A high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy is characterized in that: according to the mass percentage: the composition comprises the following components: 1-8 wt% of Cu, 0.1-0.7 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting industrial pure aluminum at the temperature of 700-800 ℃ in a resistance furnace, sequentially adding an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy and an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy, adjusting the temperature to the temperature of 650-720 ℃, blowing argon, slagging, preserving the temperature for 10-40 minutes, and then carrying out copper mold casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) processing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) into a cuboid sample, and then carrying out double homogenization treatment on the sample: keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 3-8 hours in a heat treatment furnace at 400-20 ℃/min, heating to 600 ℃ at 550-20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1-5 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment;
(3) 3-10 times of rolling the aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (2) at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 60-95%, so as to obtain a rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(4) and (4) performing multistage aging on the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3), wherein the multistage aging is secondary aging or tertiary aging.
2. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy in the step (1) is Al-50 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-30 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-42 wt% Cu intermediate aluminum alloy.
3. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy in the step (1) is Al-1.96 wt% Sc intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-2.5 wt% Sc intermediate aluminum alloy or Al-2 wt% Sc intermediate aluminum alloy.
4. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the double homogenization treatment in the step (2): keeping the temperature at 460 ℃ for 4-6 hours in a heat treatment furnace at 440-20 ℃/min, heating to 600 ℃ at 570-4 ℃ and carrying out water quenching after keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment.
5. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein: the double homogenization treatment in the step (2): and (3) preserving heat for 5 hours at 450 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 590 ℃ at the heating speed of 10-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and performing water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate subjected to double homogenization treatment.
6. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) performing 4-pass rolling at room temperature, wherein the total reduction of the sample is 80%.
7. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the secondary aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (4) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 5-20 hours at the temperature of 80-150 ℃, then raising the temperature to 160 ℃ at the heating speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 20-120 minutes.
8. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein: the secondary aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (4) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 10 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ at the heating speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 35 minutes.
9. A high strength heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the three-stage aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (3) preserving the heat of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) for 5-20 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, heating the sample to 160 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10-60min, heating the sample to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-15 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 15-60 min.
10. A high strength, heat resistant Al-Cu-Sc wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 9, wherein: the three-stage aging in the step (4) is as follows: and (3) preserving the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy plate obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 110-.
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