CN113098615B - Multi-band signal generating device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking - Google Patents

Multi-band signal generating device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking Download PDF

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CN113098615B
CN113098615B CN202110336878.2A CN202110336878A CN113098615B CN 113098615 B CN113098615 B CN 113098615B CN 202110336878 A CN202110336878 A CN 202110336878A CN 113098615 B CN113098615 B CN 113098615B
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王璐
孙文惠
李光毅
石迪飞
李明
祝宁华
李伟
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract

A multiband signal generating device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking are disclosed, the multiband signal generating device based on Fourier domain mode locking comprises: a laser; a coded light signal generating module; a first phase modulator; multi-passband optical notch filtering; an optical fiber; a photodetector; a power splitter; and an electrical amplifier. The invention also provides a method for generating the multiband microwave signal.

Description

Multi-band signal generating device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave photonics, in particular to a multiband signal generating device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking.
Background
The photoelectric oscillator utilizes the optical energy storage element to obtain a high-performance resonant cavity due to the tunable characteristic of the instantaneous bandwidth and the lower phase noise characteristic, and can be used for generating high-quality microwave signals. Generally, a photoelectric oscillator can only generate a single-frequency microwave signal, and in 2018, a sweep-frequency photoelectric oscillator based on Fourier domain mode locking is reported by a semiconductor of Chinese academy of sciences, so that the time for establishing an intra-cavity mode can be broken through, and a rapid and continuous sweep-frequency microwave signal can be generated. The single chirp microwave signal generated by the method can be used in a transmitter of a radar system. On the basis, two reverse frequency-scanning lasers are input into a Fourier domain mode-locked photoelectric oscillator, a single-waveband double-chirp signal can be generated, compared with a single-chirp signal, the double-chirp signal can overcome a Doppler-distance coupling effect and can be applied to radar distance measurement and speed measurement, and the double-chirp signal also has good pulse compression characteristics and can be widely applied to signal sources of remote early warning radars and high-resolution radar systems. Meanwhile, the phase-coded signal as the pulse compression signal can also be widely used as a transmission signal source of a radar system. In recent years, with the continuous development of modern radar technology, radar systems evolve from a single frequency band to a multi-band and multi-function direction. In order to meet the requirements of radar transmitters, generating multi-band and multi-format microwave signals also becomes one of the research hotspots.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for generating a multi-band signal based on fourier domain mode locking, so as to at least partially solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multiband signal generating apparatus based on fourier domain mode locking, comprising: a laser for generating an optical signal; the coded optical signal generating module is used for converting an optical signal output by the laser into a coded optical signal, wherein the coded optical signal is a double-chirp optical signal or a phase coded optical signal; the first phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on the coded optical signal output by the coded optical signal generating module; a multi-passband optical notch filter for performing phase intensity conversion on the phase-modulated encoded optical signal output by the first phase modulator; an optical fiber for providing a delay to the encoded optical signal to increase a quality factor of the encoded optical signal; a photodetector for converting the optical signal output by the optical fiber into an electrical signal; the power beam splitter is used for splitting the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector into two parts, wherein one part is used as output to obtain a multiband microwave signal which is a double-chirp microwave signal or a phase coding microwave signal; the other part of the feedback is fed back to the first phase modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillator loop; and the electric amplifier is positioned between the power beam splitter and the first phase modulator, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the power beam splitter and inputting the electric signal to the first phase modulator.
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method of generating a multiband microwave signal using the multiband signal generating apparatus described above, comprising: inputting an optical signal generated by a laser into a coded optical signal generating module to obtain a coded optical signal; inputting the coded optical signal to a first phase modulator for phase modulation, and inputting the coded optical signal to a multi-passband optical notch filter for phase intensity conversion; the coded optical signal is led into a photoelectric detector through an optical fiber to obtain an electric signal; and dividing the electric signal into two parts, wherein one part is fed back to the first phase modulator, and the other part is used as output to obtain the multiband microwave signal.
As a third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a use of the multiband signal generation apparatus described above in a radar.
As a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a radar including the multiband signal generation apparatus as described above, for use as a multiband microwave signal source.
According to the technical scheme, the device and the method for generating the multiband signal based on the Fourier domain mode locking have the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes a coded light signal generating module to convert the light signal output by a laser into a coded light signal, and the coded light signal is subjected to phase intensity conversion through a multi-passband light trap filter; the bandwidth and time period of the double-chirp microwave signal generated by the coded optical signal through the photoelectric oscillator loop are adjustable, and the period and speed of the generated phase-coded microwave signal are adjustable.
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FIG. 1 shows a multi-band signal generating apparatus based on Fourier domain mode locking according to embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for generating a multiband arbitrary phase-encoded signal based on Fourier domain mode locking according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the process of implementing the invention, it is found that the time of one cycle of signal transmission in the photoelectric oscillator loop is integral multiple of the period of the baseband coding electric signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator, so that the Fourier domain mode-locked photoelectric oscillator can be realized, and the coded microwave signal can be output. According to the difference of the coded electric signals sent by the arbitrary waveform generator, signals with different formats can be generated, such as a double chirp signal and a phase-coded signal, and then a multi-band microwave signal can be generated based on the multi-band characteristics of the multi-band notch filter.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a multiband signal generating apparatus based on fourier domain mode locking, including: a laser for generating an optical signal; the optical signal generating module is used for converting an optical signal output by the laser into an encoded optical signal, wherein the encoded optical signal is a double-chirp optical signal or a phase encoded optical signal; the first phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on the coded optical signal output by the coded optical signal generating module; a multi-passband optical notch filter for performing phase intensity conversion on the phase-modulated coded optical signal output by the first phase modulator; an optical fiber for providing a delay to the encoded optical signal to increase a quality factor of the encoded optical signal; the photoelectric detector is used for converting the coded optical signal output by the optical fiber into an electric signal; the power beam splitter is used for splitting the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector into two parts, wherein one part is used as output to obtain a multiband microwave signal which is a double-chirp microwave signal or a phase coding microwave signal; the other part of the feedback is fed back to the first phase modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillator loop; and the electric amplifier is positioned between the power beam splitter and the first phase modulator, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the power beam splitter and inputting the electric signal to the first phase modulator.
The invention utilizes the coded light signal generating module to convert the light signal output by the laser into the coded light signal, the coded light signal is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector after being subjected to phase intensity conversion by the multi-passband light trap filter, and finally the multi-band microwave signal is output. The multiband microwave signal is a double-chirp microwave signal or a phase coding microwave signal, the bandwidth and the time period of the generated double-chirp microwave signal are adjustable, and the period and the speed of the generated phase coding microwave signal are adjustable.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coded light signal generation module includes: an arbitrary waveform generator for generating a baseband encoded electrical signal; the intensity modulator is used for converting an optical signal output by the laser into a coded optical signal based on the baseband coded electric signal under the drive of the arbitrary waveform generator; and the direct current voltage source is used for controlling the bias voltage of the intensity modulator so that the intensity modulator works at the minimum bias point.
The intensity modulator needs to be controlled by the direct current voltage output by the direct current voltage source, so that the intensity modulator is biased at a minimum bias point. The minimum bias point refers to the working state of the intensity modulator, the direct voltage input to the intensity modulator by the direct voltage source is adjusted, and the modulator works at the minimum bias point when the output spectrum of the intensity modulator is in a carrier suppression double-sideband mode by observing the output spectrum of the intensity modulator.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coded light signal generation module includes: an arbitrary waveform generator for generating a baseband encoded electrical signal; and the second phase modulator is used for converting the optical signal into a multi-order phase coding optical signal based on the baseband coding electric signal under the drive of the arbitrary waveform generator.
The second phase modulator does not require dc voltage source control.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the baseband coded electric signal sent by the arbitrary waveform generator is a baseband single chirp signal or a baseband digital coded signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the time of one cycle of signal transmission in the photoelectric oscillator loop is integral multiple of the period of the baseband coding electric signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator.
In order to realize Fourier domain mode locking, the time of a signal transmitted in a loop of the photoelectric oscillator for one circle is an integral multiple of the period of a baseband coding electric signal generated by an arbitrary waveform generator, so that stable oscillation of the signal can be realized, and at the moment, the following conditions are met:
Tround-trip=n×Tdrive
wherein n is a positive integer, TdriveFor the period, T, of the baseband-coded electric signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generatorround-tripIs the time of one cycle of signal transmission in the opto-electronic oscillator loop.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the multi-passband optical notch filter is a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a micro-ring resonator or a cascade of phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings at two different notch positions.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the laser, the intensity modulator, the first phase modulator, the multi-band-pass optical notch filter, the optical fiber, and the photodetector are connected by an optical fiber jumper.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the photodetector, the power splitter, the electrical amplifier and the first phase modulator are connected by a cable.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a multiband microwave signal using the multiband signal generating apparatus as described above, including: inputting an optical signal generated by a laser into a coded optical signal generating module to obtain a coded optical signal; inputting the coded optical signal into a first phase modulator for phase modulation, and inputting the coded optical signal into a multi-passband optical notch filter for phase intensity conversion; leading in a photoelectric detector through an optical fiber to obtain an electric signal; the electric signal is divided into two parts, one part is fed back to the first phase modulator, and the other part is used as output to obtain the multiband microwave signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an application of the multiband signal generation apparatus as described above in a radar.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a radar including the multiband signal generation apparatus as described above, for use as a multiband microwave signal source.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following specific examples are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The operation principle of the signal generating apparatus is described below with reference to fig. 1, taking the generation of a dual-band dual-chirped microwave signal as an example.
The structure of the multiband signal generating method based on fourier domain mode locking of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes: the optical input module comprises a laser, an arbitrary waveform generator, a direct current voltage source and an intensity modulator, an optical path part consisting of a first phase modulator, a multi-passband optical notch filter and an optical fiber, and a circuit part consisting of a photoelectric detector, an electric amplifier and a power beam splitter, wherein the optical path part and the circuit part form a photoelectric oscillator loop together.
The laser output light signal can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002996147870000051
Wherein, ω is0+ Δ ω represents the frequency of the laser output optical signal, ω0The intermediate frequency positions of the two notches of the multiband notch filter, delta omega represents the relative frequency offset of the output light frequency of the laser to the intermediate frequency positions of the two notches in the multiband notch filter, and t represents time, wherein the baseband coded electric signal sent by the arbitrary waveform generator is a baseband single chirp electric signal Vmcos(kt2) Loaded on the intensity modulator, VmFor the amplitude of the baseband single chirp electrical signal sent by the arbitrary waveform generator, k is the chirp rate, t is the time, and the optical signal output by the intensity modulator can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000052
wherein m is a modulation coefficient, and phi is a phase shift introduced by a direct current bias voltage output by the voltage source. Let phi be pi/2, the intensity modulator optical signal can be written as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000061
wherein, J1(m) is a first order Bessel function of the first kind.
As can be seen from (2), two frequency-sweep coded optical signals with frequencies changing with time t are input to the first phase modulator as input light sources, and the two frequency-sweep coded optical signals realize phase intensity conversion by connecting the multi-passband optical notch filter. Let the center position frequency between two notches of the multi-band optical notch filter be omega0The difference between the center frequencies of the two trapped waves is omegaFSRThen the center frequencies of the two notches can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002996147870000062
And
Figure BDA0002996147870000063
after phase intensity conversion, a multi-passband frequency-swept microwave photonic filter can be generated, the multi-passband frequency-swept microwave photonic filter comprises frequency-swept coded optical signals, a first phase modulator, a multi-passband notch filter and a photoelectric detector, the central frequency of the multi-passband frequency-swept microwave photonic filter is an absolute value of the difference between the frequency of two frequency-swept coded optical signals output by the intensity modulator and the central frequency of two notches, and the central frequency of the generated multi-passband frequency-swept microwave photonic filter can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0002996147870000064
it can be seen that when Δ ω is not 0, Δ ω has the following values
Figure BDA0002996147870000065
And
Figure BDA0002996147870000066
centered, bi-directionally swept coded optical signals, which may be selected in the ring cavity
Figure BDA0002996147870000067
And
Figure BDA0002996147870000068
a dual-band dual-chirped microwave signal with a bandwidth of 4kt at the center frequency. When Δ ω is 0, then there are only two swept-frequency microwave photon filters, i.e., the center frequency is chosen in the ring cavity
Figure BDA0002996147870000069
The bandwidth is 4kt of single-waveband double-chirp signals. The coded electric signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator is adjustable, i.e. cos (kt)2) K and t in (3) are adjustable, so that the bandwidth and time period of the double chirp signal can be adjusted by adjusting the baseband single chirp electrical signal sent by any waveform generator. Mathematically, the multi-passband swept microwave photonic filter can be represented as a convolution filter, and without considering noise, the output signal of the microwave photonic filter can be represented as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000071
wherein, VinAnd VoutRespectively expressed as input signal, output signal of the microwave photonic filter, F (| V)in|)=2J0(π|Vin(t)|/Vπ)J1(π|Vin(t)|/Vπ)/π|Vin(t)|/VπConverting saturation factor for intensity phase, wherein J0Is a Bessel function of order 0, J1Is a Bessel function of order 1, VπIs a half-wave voltage, and is,
Figure BDA0002996147870000072
and
Figure BDA0002996147870000073
respectively, as the phase change of the positive and negative first order sidebands of the intensity modulator output.
Figure BDA0002996147870000074
And
Figure BDA0002996147870000075
respectively, showing the impulse responses of the two notches of the multi-band notch filter. In order to realize Fourier domain mode locking and realize stable oscillation of frequency sweeping signals, the following requirements are met:
Tround-trip=n×Tdrive (5)
wherein n is a positive integer, TdriveSweep period, T, of baseband encoded electrical signals from arbitrary waveform generatorsround-tripIs the time of one cycle of signal transmission in the opto-electronic oscillator loop. Namely, after each mode in the sweep frequency range is transmitted back to the multi-passband sweep frequency microwave photon filter in a ring transmission manner, the multi-passband sweep frequency microwave photon filter is just tuned to the same position, so that all modes in the sweep frequency range can start oscillation stably. The stable oscillation dual-waveband double-chirp signal generation based on Fourier domain mode locking meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002996147870000076
wherein, VFDMLIn order to realize the output signal in the Fourier domain mode locking process, the formula (6) shows that the signal is completely transmitted for a circle in a photoelectric oscillator loop, the output is unchanged, and stable oscillation can be realized at the moment. Under the condition of neglecting the beat frequency and the high-order harmonic wave of the two sweep-frequency coded optical signals output by the intensity modulator, the steady state solution can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002996147870000077
therefore, when the Fourier domain mode locking condition is met, a microwave signal of double-waveband continuous frequency sweeping can be generated, namely a double-waveband double-chirp signal can be generated by direct oscillation in the Fourier domain mode locking photoelectric oscillator.
Example 2
The operation principle of the signal generating apparatus is described below with reference to fig. 1, taking the generation of a two-band phase-encoded signal as an example.
This embodiment is the same as the signal generating apparatus of embodiment 1, except that the baseband coding from the arbitrary waveform generator is different. In this embodiment, the laser output optical signal can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002996147870000081
Baseband coded electric signal V from arbitrary waveform generatorbb (t) load on intensity modulator, VbFor the amplitude of the electrical signal from the arbitrary waveform generator, b (t) is an encoded signal, and the baseband encoded electrical signal may be a barker code or other "+ 1" and "-1" combined 2-order baseband digitally encoded signal. The intensity modulator optical signal output may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000082
when b (t) is 1, the intensity modulator optical signal is output as
Figure BDA0002996147870000083
When b (t) is equal to-1, the intensity modulator optical signal is output as
Figure BDA0002996147870000084
The optical signal has a phase change of pi. The optical signal with changed phase is input into the phase modulator as an input light source, and after phase intensity conversion is carried out by the multi-passband optical notch filter, a multi-passband microwave photon filter can be generated, wherein the center frequency is as follows:
Figure BDA0002996147870000085
therefore, after being filtered by the multi-passband microwave photon filter, the dual-waveband microwave signal can be generated. And the sum of the center frequencies of the two-band signal is omegaFSRThe FSR is the free spectral range of the multi-passband notch filter. At this pointThe output of the microwave photonic filter under this condition can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000086
wherein
Figure BDA0002996147870000087
Representing the phase change of the output optical signal of the intensity modulator. In this scheme, it is also necessary to satisfy the fourier domain mode locking condition, that is, the time of one cycle of signal transmission in the loop of the optoelectronic oscillator is an integral multiple of the cycle of the baseband coded electrical signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator, that is, each phase change point remains at the same position at the same time after one cycle of oscillation in the optoelectronic oscillator, so as to achieve coherent superposition. The stable oscillation dual-waveband phase coding signal generation based on Fourier domain mode locking meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002996147870000091
at this point, the steady state solution can be found as:
Figure BDA0002996147870000092
therefore, when the Fourier domain mode locking condition is met, the two-waveband phase coding signals can be generated, and the sum of the center frequencies of the generated two-waveband phase coding signals is the free spectral range of the multi-passband notch filter.
Example 3
In a two-band phase encoded signal generating apparatus based on fourier domain mode locking, the intensity modulator in the optical input block may be replaced with a second phase modulator, as shown in fig. 2. And no dc voltage source is required. The arbitrary waveform generator can transmit 4-order baseband coding signals, and 4-order phase coding signals can be generated corresponding to Fourier domain mode locking. The coding signal b (t) sent by the arbitrary waveform generator is in the form of '0, 1, 2, 3', and is input to the second phase modulator to realize phase modulation. The second phase modulator outputs a light field of:
Figure BDA0002996147870000093
where m is the modulation factor of the second phase modulator. Since the encoding signal is a fourth order signal, the phase of the output light field of the second phase modulator is also four-phase, not limited to 0 and pi phase changes. The baseband coding signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator in this embodiment is not limited to 4-step, and may be any step.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-band signal generating apparatus based on fourier domain mode locking, comprising:
a laser for generating an optical signal;
the coded optical signal generating module is used for converting an optical signal output by the laser into a coded optical signal, wherein the coded optical signal is a double-chirp optical signal or a phase coded optical signal;
the first phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on the coded optical signal output by the coded optical signal generating module;
a multi-passband optical notch filter for performing phase intensity conversion on the phase-modulated encoded optical signal output by the first phase modulator;
an optical fiber for providing a delay to the encoded optical signal to increase a quality factor of the encoded optical signal;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the coded optical signal output by the optical fiber into an electric signal;
the power beam splitter is used for splitting the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector into two parts, wherein one part is used as output to obtain a multiband microwave signal which is a double-chirp microwave signal or a phase coding microwave signal; the other part of the feedback is fed back to the first phase modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillator loop; and
and the electric amplifier is positioned between the power beam splitter and the first phase modulator, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the power beam splitter and inputting the electric signal to the first phase modulator.
2. The multi-band signal generation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the coded light signal generation module comprises:
an arbitrary waveform generator for generating a baseband encoded electrical signal;
the intensity modulator is used for converting the optical signal output by the laser into a coded optical signal based on the baseband coded electric signal under the drive of the arbitrary waveform generator;
the direct-current voltage source is used for controlling the bias voltage of the intensity modulator so that the intensity modulator works at a minimum bias point; or
The coded light signal generation module includes:
an arbitrary waveform generator for generating a baseband encoded electrical signal;
and the second phase modulator is used for converting the optical signal into a multi-order phase-coded optical signal based on the baseband coded electric signal under the driving of the arbitrary waveform generator.
3. The multi-band signal generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the baseband encoded electrical signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator is a baseband single chirp signal or a baseband digitally encoded signal.
4. The multi-band signal generating apparatus of claim 2 wherein the time of one cycle of signal propagation in the opto-electronic oscillator loop is an integer multiple of the period of the baseband encoded electrical signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator.
5. The multi-band signal generating device of claim 1, wherein the multi-band optical notch filter is a fabry-perot interferometer, a micro-ring resonator, or a cascade of two phase-shifted fiber bragg gratings at different notch positions.
6. The multi-band signal generating apparatus of claim 2 wherein the laser, the intensity modulator, the first phase modulator, the multi-band optical notch filter, the optical fiber, and the photodetector are connected by optical fiber jumpers.
7. The multi-band signal generating apparatus of claim 1 wherein said photodetector, said power splitter, said electrical amplifier and said first phase modulator are connected by a cable.
8. A method of generating a multiband microwave signal using the multiband signal generating apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
inputting an optical signal generated by a laser into a coded optical signal generating module to obtain a coded optical signal;
inputting the coded optical signal to a first phase modulator for phase modulation, and inputting the coded optical signal to a multi-passband optical notch filter for phase intensity conversion;
the coded optical signal is led into a photoelectric detector through an optical fiber to obtain an electric signal;
and dividing the electric signal into two parts, wherein one part is fed back to the first phase modulator, and the other part is used as output to obtain the multiband microwave signal.
9. A radar comprising a multiband signal generation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for use as a multiband microwave signal source.
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