CN113098401A - Terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer - Google Patents
Terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113098401A CN113098401A CN202110400936.3A CN202110400936A CN113098401A CN 113098401 A CN113098401 A CN 113098401A CN 202110400936 A CN202110400936 A CN 202110400936A CN 113098401 A CN113098401 A CN 113098401A
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
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- H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
Abstract
A terahertz D band fourth harmonic mixer belongs to the technical field of terahertz frequency conversion devices and solves the problem of how to design a terahertz D band fourth harmonic mixer with low loss and a planar structure, wherein a radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line is positioned at a radio frequency input end and is sequentially connected with a radio frequency input matching circuit, an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair, a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit, a low-pass filter and an output duplexer; the radio frequency input matching circuit and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit are respectively formed by connecting two sections or multiple sections of microstrip transmission lines in series; the terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer provided by the invention has the advantages of low insertion loss and capability of obviously reducing the local oscillation frequency, and is convenient to directly integrate with other radio frequency circuits in a plane due to the planar structure, so that the complexity and the cost of a system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz frequency conversion devices, and relates to a terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer.
Background
With the development of modern communication/radar technology, the spectrum resource of the microwave frequency band is more and more difficult to meet the increasing bandwidth requirement of people, so that more and more applications seek to develop towards the millimeter wave high end and the terahertz frequency band. The terahertz (frequency > 0.1THz) band has high frequency and extremely rich spectrum resources, for example, the spectrum coverage bandwidth of the D band (110-.
The terahertz waveband device has higher requirements on a material process, a design method, a test platform and the like, and in addition, because the existing terahertz waveband is definite and has less commercial application or limited scale, the types and manufacturers of the terahertz waveband commercial devices are relatively less, the series of the devices is incomplete, and certain difficulty is brought to the application research of the terahertz waveband system.
The mixer is one of core devices of the terahertz transceiving system, can up-convert a low-frequency signal to a terahertz wave band and transmit the terahertz wave band, and can also down-convert the terahertz signal to an intermediate-frequency band to analyze and process information. The harmonic mixer is one of frequency mixers, and the harmonic of the local oscillator signal is adopted for frequency mixing, so that the requirement on the local oscillator frequency can be effectively reduced, and the complexity and the cost of a system are obviously reduced.
For the terahertz wave band harmonic mixing technology, three-dimensional structure circuits based on waveguides or cavities are generally adopted in domestic and overseas published reports.
A second Harmonic Mixer Based on waveguide and suspended microstrip line is reported in the publication 110-170GHz Sub-Harmonic Based on Schottky barriers Diodes (Wang Cheng, Deng Xianjin, Miao Li, Yan jun. ICMMT) published by 2012, and the radio frequency covers 110-170 GHz. A340 GHz secondary Harmonic Mixer Based on waveguide and suspended microstrip line is reported in A340 GHz Sub-Harmonic Based on Planar Schottky Diodes (Li Miao, Jun Jiang, Cheng Wang et al. IRMMW-THz), published as 2014, and the typical single sideband loss is 11 dB. A second Harmonic mixer based on a waveguide, a suspended microstrip line and a TMIC process is reported in a document Design of 220GHz and 425GHz TMIC Membrane Sub-Harmonic Mixers (Bo Zhang, Yong Fan, Zhe Chen et al. UCMMT) with a publication date of 2013, and two frequency multipliers of 200GHz and 425GHz are respectively designed. A Si-based fourth harmonic Mixer chip with a frequency conversion loss of 40-44dB is reported in the document A340 GHz MMIC 4 x Sub-pharmaceutical Mixer Using Silicon-based Schottky Diodes (Chao Liu, Qiang Li and Yong-Zhong Xiong. Micromachines), published by 2015.
Therefore, the harmonic mixer designed by the Si-based process is adopted, but the frequency conversion loss is high; most of reported harmonic mixers adopt waveguide and cavity structures, and transmission lines adopt suspended microstrip lines to improve the Q value of a circuit and reduce the influence of parasitic parameters, but the structure cannot realize plane integration, and the complexity of the system is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer with low loss and a planar structure.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer, comprising: the radio frequency antenna comprises a radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1), a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6); the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) is positioned at a radio frequency input end and is sequentially connected with a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6); the radio frequency input matching circuit (2) and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) are respectively formed by connecting two sections or multiple sections of microstrip transmission lines in series; the output duplexer (6) comprises a local oscillator quarter-wavelength coupling line (61), a compact micro-strip resonance unit (62) and a high-resistance line (63); one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is connected with the output end of the low-pass filter (5), and the other end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is used as a local oscillator signal port; one end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is connected with one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) through a high-resistance line (63), and the other end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is used as an intermediate frequency port.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, when the device is used as a down-conversion device, a received radio-frequency signal passes through a radio-frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) and a radio-frequency input matching circuit (2) from a radio-frequency signal port and then reaches a reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3); local oscillation signals are input from a local oscillation signal port, pass through a local oscillation quarter-wavelength coupling line in an output duplexer (6), a low-pass filter (5) and a local oscillation intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) and then reach a diode pair (3); the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal are mixed in the diode pair (3), and the generated intermediate frequency signal passes through the output matching circuit (4), the low pass filter (5) and the output duplexer (6) and is output at an intermediate frequency port.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the coupling line length of the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) is a quarter wavelength of a microstrip line at the central frequency, and the coupling line width and the spacing are both 20 um.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3) limits the local oscillator odd harmonic within the diode pair.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the low-pass filter (5) adopts a CMRC structure.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer provided by the invention has the advantages of low insertion loss and capability of obviously reducing the local oscillation frequency.
(2) Because the frequency mixer is of a planar structure, the frequency mixer is convenient to be directly integrated with other radio frequency circuits in a planar mode, and the complexity and the cost of a system are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a RF quarter-wave coupling line model and simulation results for a terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a model and simulation results of an output duplexer of a thz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a simulation result diagram of the frequency conversion loss of the thz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments in the specification:
example one
As shown in fig. 1, a terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer includes: the radio frequency antenna comprises a radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1), a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6); the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) is positioned at a radio frequency input end and is sequentially connected with a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6).
The working principle is as follows: when the terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer is used as down-conversion, a received radio-frequency signal passes through a radio-frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) and a radio-frequency input matching circuit (2) from a radio-frequency signal port and then reaches a reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3); local oscillation signals are input from a local oscillation signal port, pass through a local oscillation quarter-wavelength coupling line in an output duplexer (6), a low-pass filter (5) and a local oscillation intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) and then reach a diode pair (3); the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal are mixed in the diode pair (3), and the generated intermediate frequency signal passes through the output matching circuit (4), the low pass filter (5) and the output duplexer (6) and is output at an intermediate frequency port.
In this embodiment, the design of each unit circuit is specifically described by taking a D-band (110 to 170GHz) fourth harmonic mixer as an example, and is also effective for the design of other frequency bands.
Mixer design criteria include, radio frequency: 110-170GHz, medium frequency: DC-12 GHz, fourth harmonic mixing local oscillator frequency: 27.5 to 45.5 GHz.
The coupling line length of the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) is a quarter wavelength of a microstrip line at the center frequency (140 GHz). The narrower the width of the coupling line, the smaller the distance between the coupling lines, the higher the coupling degree, and the wider the bandwidth. The coupling line width and the coupling distance are both 20um, and a corresponding simulation result is shown in figure 2. The results show that the coupled line can work in the full frequency band of 110-170GHz, and S11 is less than-15 dB. And the suppression is more than 11dB at the frequency of 45.5GHz (the highest local oscillation frequency point), and the lower the frequency, the better the suppression. Therefore, the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) can meet the design requirement, namely, the local oscillator and the intermediate frequency signal are restrained through the radio frequency signal.
The radio frequency input matching circuit (2) and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) are respectively formed by connecting two sections (or multiple sections) of microstrip transmission lines in series, and the frequency conversion loss of the frequency mixer is optimized by adjusting the line width and the length of the microstrip transmission lines, so that all final circuit parameters are obtained. The radio frequency input matching circuit (2) and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) are respectively positioned on two sides of the reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3) and used for matching input and output of the reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3). And with the lowest frequency conversion loss as a target, adjusting the length and the width of a matching transmission line of the radio frequency input matching circuit (2) and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) until the required frequency conversion loss value is reached, and realizing the size optimization of the matching circuit, so that the circuit realizes the optimal matching on the local oscillator fourth harmonic, thereby realizing the low-loss frequency conversion.
The reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3) limits the local oscillator odd harmonic within the diode pair, effectively inhibits the local oscillator odd harmonic, and uses limited power for even harmonic, thereby reducing the frequency conversion loss of the harmonic mixer.
The low-pass filter (5) also adopts a CMRC structure and is used for inhibiting radio frequency leakage signals, the low-pass filter (5) can inhibit the radio frequency signals through a local oscillator and an intermediate frequency signal, and the low-pass filter (5) also has the function of providing a radio frequency signal loop (equivalently).
The output duplexer (6) comprises a local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61), a Compact Microstrip Resonant unit (62) (CMRC) and a high-resistance line (63); one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is connected with the output end of the low-pass filter (5), and the other end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is used as a local oscillator signal port; one end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is connected with one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) through a high-resistance line (63), and the other end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is used as an intermediate frequency port.
The CMRC structure has the advantages of compact structure, wide bandwidth resistance and good out-of-band rejection. The CMRC structure is connected with the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) through a high-resistance line (63), so that the influence of the CMRC structure on the impedance in the passband of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is reduced.
Fig. 3 shows a simulation result of the output duplexer (6), and it can be seen from the result that the output duplexer (6) can well separate the local oscillator and the intermediate frequency signal.
And S parameters obtained by simulating the three-dimensional electromagnetic field of the radio-frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1), the reverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), the low-pass filter (5) and the output duplexer (6) are led into circuit simulation software.
Fig. 4 shows the simulation result of the final frequency conversion loss of the D-band fourth harmonic mixer, and it can be seen from the graph that the frequency conversion loss is between-21 dB to-17 dB in the full frequency band range of the D-band, which can meet the application requirement of up-down frequency conversion of the frequency band.
The purpose of adopting the quartic harmonic mixer to carry out up-down frequency conversion is to effectively reduce the requirement on the local oscillation frequency, compared with the fundamental wave mixer, the local oscillation frequency can be reduced to one fourth, and the design difficulty and the cost of the frequency conversion local oscillation are greatly reduced.
In terms of frequency conversion loss, a fourth harmonic mixer is larger than a fundamental wave mixer, but now a commercial low-noise amplifier device is arranged in a D wave band, the sensitivity of a frequency conversion system can be ensured by low-noise amplification, so that the frequency conversion system is insensitive to the loss of the mixer per se from the sensitivity performance of the system, and therefore the frequency conversion loss and the local oscillation frequency can be balanced. In a D-band full-frequency range, the frequency conversion loss of the fourth harmonic mixer is 13-15 dB, and the D-band is provided with a commercial low-noise amplifier, so that the sensitivity performance of a receiving frequency conversion system can be effectively ensured, and although the loss of the fourth harmonic mixer is higher than that of a fundamental wave mixer (generally about 10 dB), the requirement on a local oscillation frequency source can be effectively reduced, and the D-band full-frequency range digital-analog receiving system is an effective solution of the current D-band receiving system.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer, comprising: the radio frequency antenna comprises a radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1), a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6); the radio frequency quarter-wave coupling line (1) is positioned at a radio frequency input end and is sequentially connected with a radio frequency input matching circuit (2), an inverse parallel Schottky diode pair (3), a local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4), a low-pass filter (5) and an output duplexer (6); the radio frequency input matching circuit (2) and the local oscillator intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) are respectively formed by connecting two sections or multiple sections of microstrip transmission lines in series; the output duplexer (6) comprises a local oscillator quarter-wavelength coupling line (61), a compact micro-strip resonance unit (62) and a high-resistance line (63); one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is connected with the output end of the low-pass filter (5), and the other end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) is used as a local oscillator signal port; one end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is connected with one end of the local oscillator quarter-wave coupling line (61) through a high-resistance line (63), and the other end of the compact microstrip resonance unit (62) is used as an intermediate frequency port.
2. The terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to claim 1, wherein, in down-conversion, a received rf signal passes through the rf quarter-wave coupling line (1) and the rf input matching circuit (2) from the rf signal port to the antiparallel schottky diode pair (3); local oscillation signals are input from a local oscillation signal port, pass through a local oscillation quarter-wavelength coupling line in an output duplexer (6), a low-pass filter (5) and a local oscillation intermediate frequency output matching circuit (4) and then reach a diode pair (3); the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal are mixed in the diode pair (3), and the generated intermediate frequency signal passes through the output matching circuit (4), the low pass filter (5) and the output duplexer (6) and is output at an intermediate frequency port.
3. The thz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to claim 1, wherein the coupling line length of the rf quarter-wave coupling line (1) is a quarter wavelength of a microstrip line at a center frequency, and the coupling line width and the spacing are both 20 μm.
4. The terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to claim 1, wherein the antiparallel schottky diode pair (3) confines local oscillator odd harmonics to within the diode pair.
5. The terahertz D-band fourth harmonic mixer according to claim 1, wherein the low-pass filter (5) adopts a CMRC structure.
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