CN113097699B - Antenna and electronic device - Google Patents

Antenna and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113097699B
CN113097699B CN202110287236.8A CN202110287236A CN113097699B CN 113097699 B CN113097699 B CN 113097699B CN 202110287236 A CN202110287236 A CN 202110287236A CN 113097699 B CN113097699 B CN 113097699B
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antenna
equal
piezoelectric structure
piezomagnetic
piezoelectric
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CN113097699A (en
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南天翔
田世伟
季雅惠
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes

Abstract

An antenna and an electronic device are provided. The antenna comprises a piezoelectric structure and a piezomagnetic structure, wherein the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are configured to enable the piezomagnetic structure to generate mechanical deformation and generate electromagnetic waves when the piezoelectric structure generates mechanical deformation under the action of an electric field. The antenna has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, portability and the like.

Description

Antenna and electronic device
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to an antenna and an electronic device.
Background
Underwater and long-range communications often use ultra-low frequency electromagnetic waves (e.g., frequencies of 3kHz to 30kHz) because at these frequencies, the waves are effective to penetrate sea water or dust and have little attenuation in the earth's ionospheric waveguides (e.g., frequencies of 3kHz to 30kHz)<6db/1000 km). The signal penetration depth or skin depth increases as the frequency of the electromagnetic wave decreases. For example, the skin depth of an electromagnetic wave in seawater is inversely proportional to its frequency to the power of 1/2 (δ ═ 252(f) -1/2 ) (ii) a For electromagnetic waves of 25kHz, the skin depth reaches about 1.6m in seawater. Therefore, the submarine can effectively carry out underwater communication, and the concealment of the submarine is greatly improved.
Conventional antennas rely on electromagnetic resonance to improve the radiation efficiency of electromagnetic waves, however, the conventional antennas need to have a larger size when transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves of a larger size (i.e., a lower frequency), for example, the size of the antenna needs to be on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength size of the electromagnetic waves, which makes the portability of the conventional electronic antennas challenging. For example, the size of a conventional antenna capable of emitting electromagnetic waves of ultra-low frequency (e.g., 30kHz) is greater than 1km, and it is difficult to mount the antenna on a mobile device having a simple structure.
Disclosure of Invention
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna including a piezoelectric structure and a piezomagnetic structure. The piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are configured such that when the piezoelectric structure is mechanically deformed under the action of an electric field, the piezomagnetic structure is mechanically deformed (e.g., driven) and generates electromagnetic waves.
In some examples, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are at least partially in contact.
In some examples, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction; the piezoelectric structure is a strip-shaped structure extending along the first direction, has the largest size in the first direction, and is configured to be mechanically deformed in the first direction under the action of an electric field.
In some examples, a ratio of a perimeter of a cross-section of the piezoelectric structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to a dimension of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction ranges from 1:100 to 4: 1.
In some examples, the cross-section is circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular in shape.
In some examples, a ratio of a side length of the square or a radius of the circle to a dimension of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction is in a range of 0.01 to 0.5; the ratio of the dimensions of the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure along the first direction is in the range of 0.5-1000.
In some examples, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction; the piezoelectric structure has a minimum dimension in the first direction and is configured to mechanically deform in a direction perpendicular to the first direction under the influence of an electric field.
In some examples, a ratio of a perimeter of a cross-section of the piezoelectric structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to a dimension of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction ranges from 4000:1 to 4: 1.
In some examples, the cross-section is circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular in shape.
In some examples, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction; the antenna further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; the first and second electrodes are configured to provide an electric field to the piezoelectric structure to mechanically deform the piezoelectric structure when a voltage is applied.
In some examples, the first electrode and the second electrode are located on both sides of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction.
In some examples, the first electrode and the second electrode are located on the same side of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction, are interdigitated structures, are disposed on the same layer, and are insulated from each other.
In some examples, the antenna further includes a floating electrode on a side of the piezoelectric structure distal from the first and second electrodes.
In some examples, the material of the piezoelectric structure includes one or more of a ceramic or crystalline material: barium titanium silicate (Ba) 2 TiSi 2 O 8 ) Lead magnesium niobate Pb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Mixture of lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate yPb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and a mixture yPb (Mg) of Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and yPb mixture of zinc niobate and lead titanate lead (Zn) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), lead zirconate titanate PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 (0≤x≤1)、(1-x)Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -xK 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and (1-x) Na mixture of sodium bismuth titanate and barium titanate 1/2 Bi 1/ 2 TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and sodium bismuth titanate (Na) 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 Zinc oxide ZnO, aluminum nitride AlN, sodium niobate NaNbO 3 Potassium niobate KNbO 3 Sodium tungstate NaWO 3 PVDF, alpha-BiB 3 O 6 Bismuth ferrite BiFeO 3 BaTiO mixture of barium titanate, calcium titanate and barium zirconate 3 -CaTiO 3 -BaTiZrO 3 Mixture of bismuth Nitinol and lead zirconate titanate xBi (Ni) 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and bismuth titanate BiTiO 3 Titanic acidStrontium SrTiO 3 Potassium phosphate GaPO 4 Lithium borate Li 2 B 4 O 7 Lithium niobate LiNbO 3 Alpha-silica alpha-SiO 2 Calcium aluminum silicate Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 Bismuth zinc borate Bi 2 ZnB 2 O 7 Yttrium aluminate YAlO 3 Yttrium chromate YCrO 3 Yttrium ferrite YFeO 3 Gallium lanthanum silicate series material, rare earth calcium oxygen borate RECa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 Series materials and rare earth calcium oxygen borate series materials.
In some examples, the material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises an alloy of a metal and a non-metal composition; the non-metal comprises one or more of Si, B and P, and the metal comprises one or more of Fe, Co, Ni and Mo.
In some examples, the material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises one or more of the following: y is 3 Fe 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Y 3 Co 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Y 3 Ni 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Fe 1-x Ga x B(0≤x≤1)、Mn 3 Ga、Mn 3 Ni、Nd 2 Fe 14 B、CoFeO 4 、Ni 80 Fe 20 、Fe 80 Ga 20 、CoFeB、FeGaB、Fe 1-x Ga x (0≤x≤1)、FeCoSiB。
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device including the antenna provided in any of the above embodiments.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present disclosure and are not limiting to the present disclosure.
Fig. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 1B is a schematic diagram of a resonant characteristic of an antenna provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 1C is a schematic diagram of resonance characteristics of an antenna provided in accordance with further embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to other embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to still other embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 2C is a schematic diagram of power of radiated electromagnetic waves measured at different distances by an antenna according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to still other embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of the electrodes of the piezoelectric structure of FIG. 3A; and
fig. 4A-4C are schematic structural views of an electronic device provided in at least some embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the disclosure without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the disclosure.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The inventors have found that near field communication using an electrically small magnetic antenna can overcome the problem of large size. Since the region near the magnetic antenna (i.e., the near field) is composed primarily of magnetic fields, not electric fields. Thus, they exhibit significantly less near-field loss, much less in a lossy conducting environment, and can propagate signals over greater distances.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, including a piezoelectric structure and a piezomagnetic structure, where the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are configured such that when the piezoelectric structure is mechanically deformed under an electric field, the piezomagnetic structure is mechanically deformed and generates an electromagnetic wave.
Through utilizing piezoelectricity structure and pressure magnetic structure collaborative work, can make the antenna have less size simultaneously have the propagation loss that the signal is lower to simple structure, portable.
In at least one embodiment, the antenna does not require additional impedance matching circuitry, simplifying the design of the circuit.
In at least one embodiment, the efficiency of piezomagnetic antennas based on piezoelectric effect and piezoelectric actuation provided by the present disclosure is about two orders of magnitude higher compared to conventional antennas of the same size.
For example, the piezoelectric structure is mechanically deformed under the action of voltage, so that the piezoelectric structure is mechanically deformed, the magnetic characteristics (such as magnetic permeability) are changed, and a changed magnetic field is generated, and the changed magnetic field generates electromagnetic waves, so that the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals is realized, i.e. the antenna has a signal sending function. For example, since the wavelength of an acoustic wave is 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave at the same frequency, the size of the magnetoelectric antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be much smaller than that of a conventional antenna.
For example, the piezomagnetic effect of the piezomagnetic structure has reversibility, the piezomagnetic structure has a magnetostrictive effect, mechanical deformation can occur under the action of a magnetic field (for example, electromagnetic waves are induced), and the mechanical deformation of the piezomagnetic structure causes the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric structure, and due to the reversibility of the piezoelectric effect, the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric structure can generate an electrical signal, so that the reception of electromagnetic wave signals is realized, that is, the antenna also has a signal receiving function.
In other examples, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are configured such that when the piezomagnetic structure is mechanically deformed under the action of a magnetic field, the piezoelectric structure is mechanically deformed and generates an electrical signal, thereby achieving the reception of electromagnetic waves, i.e., the antenna has both a signal receiving function and a signal transmitting function. For example, in a specific application, only the transmitting function or the receiving function of the antenna may be utilized, or both the transmitting function and the receiving function may be utilized. For example, the frequency at which the antenna transmits or receives electromagnetic waves depends on the resonant frequency of the antenna, and the size of the antenna need not be of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the transmitted/received waves, and may be, for example, 4-5 orders of magnitude smaller than the wavelength. For example, the resonant frequency of the antenna is determined by the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure together. For example, the resonant frequency of the antenna is determined by the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric structure and is affected by the material of the piezomagnetic structure. For example, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness ratio or the mass ratio of the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure, so that the receiving frequency or the transmitting frequency of the antenna can be adjusted. For example, the material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises a ferromagnetic material, such as a permanent magnetic material or a soft magnetic material.
For example, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure can be in the form of a strip, a rod, a sheet, a sphere, a ring, etc., and the arrangement of the two structures can be in the form of lamination, direct connection, indirect connection, etc.; for example, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure may be at least partially in contact, completely in contact, or not in contact, which is not limited by the embodiments of the present disclosure, as long as the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric structure can cause the mechanical deformation of the piezomagnetic structure, and the two have a linkage characteristic. For example, the piezoelectric structure and piezomagnetic structure are in intimate contact to form a heterojunction.
Fig. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1A, the antenna includes a piezoelectric structure 10 and a piezomagnetic structure 20, and the piezoelectric structure 10 and the piezomagnetic structure 20 are arranged along a first direction D1, for example, stacked.
For example, the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are a piezoelectric vibrator and a piezomagnetic vibrator, respectively.
For example, the piezoelectric structure 10 is a long linear structure extending along the first direction D1; for example, the cross-section of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction D1 is square or circular, however, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure is not limited by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
For example, the piezoelectric structure 10 has a largest dimension in the first direction D1, that is, the dimension of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the first direction D1 is larger than the dimension (e.g., a side length or a radius) of the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
For example, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction D1 may be circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or other shapes.
For example, the ratio of the perimeter of the cross-section of the piezoelectric structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to the dimension of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction may be in the range of 1:100 to 4:1, such as in the range of 1:10 to 4:1, such as in the range of 10.8: 9.6 or 15.7: 9.5.
For example, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure is a square, for example, the square has a perimeter of 10.8 cm and a side length of 2.4 cm, and the size of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction is 9.6 cm. Fig. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the resonance characteristics of the piezoelectric structure, in which fig. 1B shows a quality factor (Q) by a dotted line, and a solid line curve shows the impedance of a length expansion mode, as shown in fig. 1B, a resonance peak is found at an ultra low frequency of 13.8 kilohertz (kHz), and a maximum Q value is found in the band.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, the cross-sectional shape is a circle having a radius r1 of 2.5 centimeters and a perimeter of 15.7 centimeters, and the piezoelectric structure has a dimension along the first direction of 9.5 centimeters. Fig. 1C is a schematic diagram of the resonance characteristics of the piezoelectric structure, as shown in fig. 1C, in which the broken line indicates the quality factor (Q), the solid line curve indicates the impedance in the length-extensional mode, the resonance peak is found at the ultra-low frequency of 14kHz, and the maximum Q value is found in this band.
In other examples, the radius r1 of the circle or the ratio r1/D1 of the side length r1 of the square to the dimension D1 of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction D1 is in the range of 0.01-0.5.
The vibration mode of the piezoelectric structure 10 is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and for example, the vibration mode is a mode in which the Z-direction applied electric field oscillates in the X-direction (d33 vibration mode) or a mode in which the Z-direction applied electric field oscillates in the X-direction (d31 vibration mode).
For example, the piezoelectric structure 10 is configured to be mechanically deformed in the first direction D1 under the action of an electric field. Since the piezoelectric structure has the largest dimension in the first direction, the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction helps to obtain larger mechanical energy, thereby improving the strength of the propagating signal.
For example, the vibration mode of the piezoelectric structure 10 is a stretching vibration mode or a d33 vibration mode in which the Z-direction plus electric field oscillates in the Z-direction, that is, the vibration direction of the piezoelectric structure 10 coincides with the wave propagation direction. For example, the piezomagnetic structure 20 is an elongated structure extending in the first direction and is disposed coaxially with the piezoelectric structure 10. Therefore, the energy loss when the two are linked can be reduced, and the transmission of mechanical energy has higher efficiency.
For example, the ratio h1/h2 of the dimensions of the piezoelectric structure 10 and the piezomagnetic structure 20 along the first direction D1 is in the range of 0.5-10000, such as 0.5: 1000.
For example, the cross-sectional shape of the piezomagnetic structure 20 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
For example, the piezomagnetic structure 20 is at least partially or completely in contact with the cross section of the piezoelectric structure 10, thereby improving the linkage efficiency.
For example, other structures such as electrodes may be disposed between the piezoelectric structure 10 and the piezomagnetic structure 20.
As shown in fig. 1A, the antenna 10 may further include a conductive coil 201, and the conductive coil 201 is used for magnetizing the piezomagnetic structure 20. For example, the piezomagnetic structure 20 comprises a soft magnetic material.
For example, the conductive coil 201 is disposed around the piezomagnetic structure 20.
In other examples, the conductive coil 201 is not required, for example, the piezomagnetic structure 20 comprises a permanent magnetic material.
For example, the antenna 1 may further comprise a first electrode and a second electrode (not shown) configured to provide an electric field to the piezoelectric structure to mechanically deform the piezoelectric structure when a voltage is applied. One of the first electrode and the second electrode is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode. The first and second electrodes may be arranged on the same side or on different sides of the piezoelectric structure 10. For example, at least one of the first and second electrodes may be disposed between the piezoelectric structure 10 and the piezomagnetic structure 20.
For example, the magnetic material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises an alloy material. For example, the alloy material includes, for example, an alloy of metallic and non-metallic compositions; for example, the non-metal may include one or more non-metals, such as one or more selected from Si, B, and P; the metal may comprise one or more metals, for example one or more selected from Fe, Co, Ni and Mo.
For example, the magnetic material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises one or more of the following materials: y is 3 Fe 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Y 3 Co 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Y 3 Ni 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 、Fe 1-x Ga x B(0≤x≤1)、Mn 3 Ga、Mn 3 Ni、Nd 2 Fe 14 B、CoFeO 4 、Ni 80 Fe 20 、Fe 80 Ga 20 、CoFeB、FeGaB、Fe 1-x Ga x (0≤x≤1)、FeCoSiB。
For example, the piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric structure includes one or more of the following materials: barium titanium silicate (Ba) 2 TiSi 2 O 8 ) Lead magnesium niobate Pb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Mixture of lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate yPb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (0≤x≤Y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 0) and the mixture yPb (Mg) of Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and yPb mixture of zinc niobate and lead titanate lead (Zn) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), lead zirconate titanate PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 (0≤x≤1)、(1-x)Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -xK 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and (1-x) Na mixture of sodium bismuth titanate and barium titanate 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and sodium bismuth titanate (Na) 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 Zinc oxide ZnO, aluminum nitride AlN, sodium niobate NaNbO 3 Potassium niobate KNbO 3 Sodium tungstate NaWO 3 PVDF, alpha-BiB 3 O 6 Bismuth ferrite BiFeO 3 BaTiO mixture of barium titanate, calcium titanate and barium zirconate 3 -CaTiO 3 -BaTiZrO 3 Mixture of bismuth Nitinol and lead zirconate titanate xBi (Ni) 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and bismuth titanate BiTiO 3 Strontium titanate SrTiO 3 Potassium phosphate GaPO 4 Lithium borate Li 2 B 4 O 7 Lithium niobate LiNbO 3 Alpha-silica alpha-SiO 2 Calcium aluminum silicate Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 Bismuth zinc borate Bi 2 ZnB 2 O 7 Yttrium aluminate YAlO 3 Yttrium chromate YCrO 3 Yttrium ferrite YFeO 3 Gallium lanthanum silicate material, rare earth calcium oxyborate RECa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 Series materials and rare earth calcium oxygen borate series materials.
Fig. 2A and 2B are schematic structural diagrams of antennas provided by further embodiments of the present disclosure. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1A, the piezoelectric structure 10 has a minimum dimension in the first direction D1, i.e., the dimension of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the first direction D1 is smaller than the dimension (e.g., a side length or a radius) of the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 perpendicular to the first direction D1.
For example, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 perpendicular to the first direction D1 may be circular, oval, square, rectangular, or other shapes. For example, the ratio of the perimeter of the cross-sectional shape to the dimension of the piezoelectric structure 10 along the first direction D1 is 400: 1 to 4: 1.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the piezoelectric structure is a pie-shaped structure with a circular cross-sectional shape, the ratio of the perimeter of the circle to the dimension of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction is 314: 3.6, and the piezoelectric structure successfully realizes the emission of the very low frequency electromagnetic wave of 26.14 kHz. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure 10 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction D1 is a circle or a square, and the ratio r1/D1 of the radius r1 of the circle or the side length r1 of the square to the dimension D1 of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction D1 is in the range of 100-1.
In other examples, the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure is rectangular, as shown in fig. 2B.
For example, the ratio h1/h2 of the dimensions of the piezoelectric structure 10 and the piezomagnetic structure 20 along the first direction D1 is in the range of 0.5-1000.
The vibration mode of the piezoelectric structure 10 is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and for example, the vibration mode is a mode in which the Z-direction applied electric field oscillates in the X-direction (d33 vibration mode) or a mode in which the Z-direction applied electric field oscillates in the X-direction (d31 vibration mode).
For example, the piezoelectric structure 10 is configured to be mechanically deformed in a direction perpendicular to the first direction D1 under the action of an electric field. Since the piezoelectric structure has a larger dimension in the direction perpendicular to the first direction, the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric structure in the direction helps to obtain larger mechanical energy, thereby improving the strength of the propagating signal.
For example, the vibration mode of the piezoelectric structure 10 is a shear vibration mode or a d31 vibration mode of Z-direction applied electric field X-direction oscillation, that is, the vibration direction of the piezoelectric structure 10 is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the piezomagnetic structure 20 can be magnetized using a conductive coil. The magnetization direction of the piezomagnetic structure 20 is affected by the placement direction of the conductive coil. For example, different magnetization directions will cause the piezomagnetic structure to generate electromagnetic waves in different directions when mechanical deformation occurs or to generate mechanical deformation in different directions under the action of a magnetic field, so that the placement direction of the conductive coil can be selected according to actual needs. For example, the axial direction of the conductive coil may be parallel to the first direction (conductive coil 201(a)) or the axial direction of the conductive coil may be perpendicular to the first direction (conductive coil 201 (b)). The disclosed embodiments are not so limited.
Fig. 2C is a schematic diagram of power of a radiated electromagnetic wave measured at different distances by an antenna according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2C, the bandwidth of the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna is >40Hz, and the bandwidth of the antenna does not change with the transmission of distance, thus having wide application prospect in the field of underwater communication. For example, the antenna has an increase in very low frequency electromagnetic wave power at a frequency of 26.14 kHz.
Fig. 3A illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by still other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 3A shows a first electrode 101 and a second electrode 102 of the piezoelectric structure 10.
For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 are disposed on the same side of the piezoelectric structure, for example, on a side of the piezoelectric structure 10 close to the piezomagnetic structure 20 in the first direction D1, that is, between the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure.
Fig. 3B shows a schematic plan view of the first and second electrodes. For example, the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 are interdigitated, nested in the same layer, and insulated from each other.
For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the antenna 1 further includes a floating electrode 30 located on a side of the piezoelectric structure away from the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102. The floating electrode 30 is an island structure and is not electrically connected to other structures, and does not receive voltage or current signals.
When the first electrode and the second electrode are applied with voltage to form an electric field, induced charges are generated on the suspension electrode, so that the electric field is enhanced, and the vibration energy of the piezoelectric structure is improved.
In other examples, the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 may also be different sides of the piezoelectric structure 10, for example, on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric structure 10 along the first direction D1.
The shape of the first electrode and the second electrode is not limited by the disclosed embodiments. For example, the cross-sectional shapes of the first and second electrodes may be the same as or different from the cross-sectional shape of the piezoelectric structure. For example, the first/second electrode may completely cover or partially cover the piezoelectric structure. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the first/second electrode may be annular, rectangular, circular, or the like.
The disclosed embodiments do not specifically limit on which side or both sides of the piezoelectric structure the first and second electrodes are disposed. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3A, the piezoelectric structure is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the first electrode and the second electrode may be respectively located on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
Similarly, the conductive coil 201(a) or 201(b) may also be used to magnetize the piezomagnetic structure 20, and the detailed description may refer to the foregoing, which is not repeated herein.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna which has the advantages of high efficiency and portability, and can transmit low-frequency electromagnetic waves (for example, the frequency is 3kHz-30kHz), and can realize deep sea, underground and long-wave long-distance communication.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device including the antenna provided in any of the above embodiments. The electronic device may be, for example, mounted in a fixed or movable apparatus including a vehicle, such as an automobile, a train, a ship, a submarine, or the like.
For example, the electronic device may have a signal transmitting function or a signal receiving function, or both. The electronic device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the encoding method of the processed signal.
As shown in fig. 4A, the electronic device 2 includes a first baseband circuit, a modulation circuit, a first radio frequency circuit, and an antenna having a function of transmitting a signal. The electronic device is for example a communicator.
For example, the first baseband circuit is configured to perform baseband processing on a signal to be transmitted to generate a baseband modulation signal, and the modulation circuit is configured to modulate the baseband modulation signal to a radio frequency band to generate a signal with a varying carrier amplitude, where the carrier amplitude of the signal varies along with a variation of the baseband modulation signal; the first radio frequency circuit is used for amplifying and filtering the signal with the changed carrier wave amplitude; the antenna is used for transmitting signals processed by the first radio frequency circuit, for example, a piezoelectric structure in the antenna generates mechanical deformation in response to the electric signals and makes a piezomagnetic structure in the antenna generate mechanical deformation so as to generate electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing a signal transmitting function.
For example, the first baseband circuit includes: the device comprises an encoding unit, an orthogonal decomposition unit and an orthogonal digital-to-analog conversion unit. The encoding unit is used for encoding data to be transmitted, the orthogonal decomposition unit is used for decomposing the data processed by the encoding unit into two paths of orthogonal signals and inputting the two paths of orthogonal signals into the corresponding orthogonal digital-to-analog conversion unit, the orthogonal digital-to-analog conversion unit is used for performing digital-to-analog conversion on the input data and outputting an orthogonal analog baseband modulation signal, and the voltage amplitude of the signal changes along with the change of the data to be transmitted.
For example, the modulation circuit is configured to perform quadrature modulation on the basis of the eigen signal and the quadrature analog baseband modulation signal, and generate a signal with a quadrature carrier amplitude that varies in accordance with a variation in voltage amplitude of the quadrature analog baseband modulation signal.
In other examples, as shown in fig. 4B, the electronic device 3 includes a second baseband circuit, a demodulation circuit, a second radio frequency circuit, and an antenna having a function of receiving a signal. The electronic device is for example a receiver.
The piezoelectric structure in the antenna generates mechanical deformation in response to electromagnetic waves and enables the piezoelectric structure to generate mechanical deformation so as to form a radio frequency signal, the second radio frequency circuit is used for amplifying and filtering the radio frequency signal output by the antenna to generate a carrier signal to be demodulated, the demodulation circuit is used for demodulating the carrier signal to be demodulated and outputting a demodulation signal, and the second baseband circuit is used for counting the error rate of the demodulation signal and obtaining a received signal according to the change condition of the error rate statistical value.
For example, the demodulation circuit is configured to perform quadrature demodulation on the local oscillator signal and the carrier signal to be demodulated to obtain a quadrature analog demodulation signal.
For example, the second baseband circuit includes: the device comprises an orthogonal analog-to-digital conversion unit, a baseband synchronization unit, an error rate calculation unit and a received signal calculation unit; the orthogonal analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the orthogonal analog demodulation signal and outputting the orthogonal analog demodulation signal to the baseband synchronization unit, the baseband synchronization unit is used for performing baseband synchronization processing on an input signal to obtain a baseband clock and baseband information, the error rate calculation unit is used for performing error rate statistics on the baseband information and inputting an error rate statistic value into the received signal calculation unit, and the received signal calculation unit is used for analyzing and processing a received signal according to the error rate statistic value.
In still other examples, as shown in fig. 4C, the electronic device 4 includes the first baseband circuit, the modulation circuit, the first radio frequency circuit, the second baseband circuit, the demodulation circuit, the second video circuit, and an antenna, and the antenna has the functions of transmitting and receiving signals.
In still other examples, the electronic device may include the electromagnetic wave transceiving device of the embodiments of the present invention, further including a modulator, a voltage amplifier, a pre-voltage amplifier, a demodulator, and an antenna provided in any of the above embodiments.
For example, the modulator uses the frequency of the carrier wave to transfer information along with the change of the digital baseband signal, for example, the modulator uses frequency shift keying to modulate; the voltage amplifier is configured to convert the modulated micro-signal voltage into a high-voltage signal, so as to improve the radiation power of the antenna; the antenna converts the electric signal amplified by high voltage into electromagnetic wave and radiates the electromagnetic wave into space; for example, the antenna may also receive electromagnetic waves of the same frequency from space; the preposed voltage amplifier converts a low-voltage signal converted by the received electromagnetic wave into a high-voltage signal, so that the subsequent demodulation processing is facilitated; the demodulator demodulates the modulated carrier to obtain the original baseband signal.
The antenna provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the advantages of simple and compact structure, and is convenient to mount or integrate in an electronic device.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present disclosure should be subject to the scope of the claims.

Claims (14)

1. An antenna comprising a piezoelectric structure and a piezomagnetic structure, wherein,
the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are configured to enable the piezomagnetic structure to generate mechanical deformation and generate electromagnetic waves when the piezoelectric structure generates mechanical deformation under the action of an electric field;
the antenna also comprises a conductive coil, wherein the conductive coil is arranged around the piezomagnetic structure, and the conductive coil is configured to magnetize the piezomagnetic structure, so that electromagnetic waves in a corresponding direction are radiated after the piezomagnetic structure is mechanically deformed according to a magnetization direction corresponding to the placement direction of the conductive coil;
the material of the piezoelectric structure comprises one or more of the following materials:
barium titanium silicate (Ba) 2 TiSi 2 O 8 ) Lead magnesium niobate Pb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 Mixture of lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate yPb (Mg) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and a mixture yPb (Mg) of Sm-doped lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and yPb mixture of zinc niobate and lead titanate lead (Zn) 1-x Nb x )O 3 -(1-y)PbTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), lead zirconate titanate PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 (0≤x≤1)、(1-x)Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -xK 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and (1-x) Na mixture of sodium bismuth titanate and barium titanate 1/ 2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and sodium bismuth titanate (Na) 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 Zinc oxide ZnO, aluminum nitride AlN, sodium niobate NaNbO 3 Potassium niobate KNbO 3 Sodium tungstate NaWO 3 PVDF, alpha-BiB 3 O 6 Bismuth ferrite BiFeO 3 BaTiO mixture of barium titanate, calcium titanate and barium zirconate 3 –CaTiO 3 –BaTiZrO 3 Mixture of bismuth Nitinol and lead zirconate titanate xBi (Ni) 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 (x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1) and bismuth titanate BiTiO 3 Strontium titanate SrTiO 3 Potassium phosphate GaPO 4 Lithium borate Li 2 B 4 O 7 Lithium niobate LiNbO 3 Alpha-silica alpha-SiO 2 Calcium aluminum silicate Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 Bismuth zinc borate Bi 2 ZnB 2 O 7 Yttrium aluminate YAlO 3 Yttrium chromate YCrO 3 Yttrium ferrite YFeO 3 Gallium lanthanum silicate series material, rare earth calcium oxygen borate RECa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 Series materials and rare earth calcium oxygen borate series materials.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are at least partially in contact.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction;
the piezoelectric structure is a strip-shaped structure extending along the first direction, has the largest size in the first direction, and is configured to be mechanically deformed in the first direction under the action of an electric field.
4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein a ratio of a perimeter of a cross-section of the piezoelectric structure perpendicular to the first direction to a dimension of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction is in a range of 1:100 to 4: 1.
5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the cross-section is circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular in shape.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction;
the piezoelectric structure has a minimum dimension in the first direction and is configured to mechanically deform in a direction perpendicular to the first direction under the influence of an electric field.
7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein a ratio of a perimeter of a cross-section of the piezoelectric structure perpendicular to the first direction to a dimension of the piezoelectric structure along the first direction is in a range of 4000:1-4: 1.
8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the cross-section has a shape of a circle, an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle.
9. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric structure and the piezomagnetic structure are aligned in a first direction;
the antenna further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode;
the first and second electrodes are configured to provide an electric field to the piezoelectric structure to mechanically deform the piezoelectric structure when a voltage is applied.
10. The antenna of claim 9, wherein the first and second electrodes are positioned on opposite sides of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction.
11. The antenna of claim 9, wherein the first and second electrodes are on the same side of the piezoelectric structure in the first direction, are interdigitated with each other, are disposed on the same layer, and are insulated from each other.
12. The antenna of claim 11, further comprising a floating electrode on a side of the piezoelectric structure remote from the first and second electrodes.
13. The antenna of any of claims 1-12, wherein the material of the piezomagnetic structure comprises an alloy of a metal and a non-metal; the non-metal comprises one or more of Si, B and P, and the metal comprises one or more of Fe, Co, Ni and Mo.
14. An electronic device comprising an antenna as claimed in any of claims 1-13.
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